Jiangsu

Jiangsu, referred to as "the Soviet Union", is the provincial administrative region of the people's Republic of China. The capital of Nanjing is located in the eastern coastal area of the Chinese mainland. The Jiangsu circle is 30 degrees 45'-35 degrees 20'at the north latitude, 116 degrees 18'-121 degrees east 57', east to the Yellow Sea, southeast to Zhejiang and Shanghai, and west to Anhui and Jiangsu to cross Jiang Binhai, with numerous lakes, flat terrain, You Ping, water, low mountains and hills, and two major rivers across the Yangtze River and Huaihe. Jiangsu Province is an East Asian monsoon climate zone, which is located in the transition zone of subtropical and warm temperate zone. The climate has the characteristics of the South and the north.
Jiangsu is located in the Yangtze River economic belt, under the jurisdiction of 13 districts and cities, all of which enter the top 100, and is the only province where all prefecture level cities are among the top 100. Jiangsu Province has ranked first in China in terms of per capita GDP, comprehensive competitiveness, regional development and people's livelihood index (DLI), which has become the highest level of comprehensive development in China, and has entered the level of "top-notch" developed countries.
Jiangsu Province ranks first in China in comprehensive economic competitiveness, and is one of the most active provinces in China. The Yangtze River Delta city group, which is composed of Shanghai, Zhejiang and Anhui, has become one of the six world-class urban groups in the world.
Jiangsu Province has a total area of 107200 square kilometers, which has 13 prefecture level cities, 55 municipal districts, 22 county-level cities, 19 counties, and 96 County divisions in total. 496 streets, 719 towns, 43 townships and 1 Ethnic Township, totaling 1259 township level divisions. By the end of 2018, Jiangsu Province has a permanent population of 80.507 million, with a GDP of 92.59.54 billion yuan and a per capita GDP of RMB 115000
Historical evolution
In the Xia, Shang and Wednesday dynasties, the northern part of Jiangsu was Dongyi, Huaiyi and the southern part of Jiangsu was Qiwu. Xia Dynasty belongs to Xuzhou and Yangzhou in Jiuzhou. From the late Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were two kingdoms, Xu and Wu.
During the spring and Autumn period (770-476 years ago), it was divided into Qi, Lu, song, Wu, Chu and other countries.
In Qin Dynasty, county system was implemented, and Huiji county was in the south of the Yangtze River, and Donghai County and Sishui County in the north.
In the early Western Han Dynasty, the counties and states were parallel. Jiangsu Province was successively divided into Chu, Jing, Wu, Guangling, Sishui and other countries, including Huiji, Danyang, Donghai, linhuai, Langxie and Pei. In the fifth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Han Dynasty (140 years), the province is Yangzhou to the south of the Yangtze River and Xuzhou to the north.
During the three kingdoms' establishment, they were divided into two countries: Sun Wu and Caowei.
In the early days of the founding of the Western Jin Dynasty, Jiangnan was again Yangzhou and the north of the river was Xuzhou. In the Eastern Jin and the northern and Southern Dynasties, Jiangsu Province generally took Huaihe River as the boundary, and the South was the South and the North was north. From Yongjia period of emperor Wei to Yuan Jia period of Song Dynasty (307-453), the immigrants moved to the south, among which Jiangsu Province was the most accepting immigrants, and the most concentrated in Nanjing, Zhenjiang and Changzhou. The northern Jiangsu area was mainly Yangzhou, Huaiyin and other places. Sun Wu, Dongjin and Southern Dynasties of song, Qi, Liang, Chen Junding were all in Nanjing.
After Sui unified China, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiangzhou (now Nanjing), Runzhou (Zhenjiang), Yangzhou, Fangzhou (now Liuhe District), Chu state (present Huai'an District), Pizhou, Sizhou, Haizhou and Xuzhou were divided into three parts.
Tang Dynasty is divided into ten roads in China, Jiangsu is divided into Henan Road, Huainan road and Jiangnan East Road.
In the Five Dynasties (907-960), Xuzhou in the north of Huaibei was successively Liang, Tang, Jin, Han and Zhou. Suzhou in the south of the Yangtze River belonged to Wu Yue Qian family, and other states were Yang Wu and Southern Tang.
In the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1111), it was divided into Jiangnan East Road, Liangzhe Road, Huainan East Road, Jingdong East Road and Jingdong West Road. Song Dynasty room south, Song Jin confrontation, Jin people have Huaibei, Southern Song Dynasty according to South and Huainan.
In Yuan Dynasty, Jiangsu Province was divided into two provinces: Jiangsu Province and Henan Province.
After the chaos of Jingkang, from the first year of Jingkang to Shaoxing 11 years (1126-1141), the number of people moving south to this stage was the largest, which was only ten years. The number of people living in the northwest was full. In the 11th year of Shaoxing (1141), the peace reached. The peace agreement stipulated that the Southern Song Dynasty should not accept the "fugitives" of the Jin Dynasty. The wave of south migration began to subside.
In the early Ming Dynasty, the capital of Tianfu (Nanjing) was designated as Nanjing and Beijing teacher. After the emperor of Ming Dynasty moved to Beijing, it was renamed Nanjing. It was generally under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu, Anhui and Shanghai. Compared with the northern Zhili, Nanjing was called nanzhili, which was the capital of Ming Dynasty. Nanjing should be governed by Tianfu in Jiangning and Shangyuan (the main city of Nanjing today). Jurisdiction: Jiangning (the county is in the southeast of Nanjing main city), Shangyuan (the county governs in the northwest of the main city of Nanjing), Jurong (the county governs Jurong City in Jiangsu Province), Lishui (the county governs Lishui District of Nanjing City in Jiangsu Province), Gaochun (the county governs Gaochun District of Nanjing City in Jiangsu Province), Jiangpu (the county governs in Pukou District of Nanjing city of Jiangsu Province), Liuhe (the county governs in Nanjing city of Jiangsu Province today) Liuhe District), Liyang (the county governs in Liyang City, Jiangsu Province) has 8 counties.
In the 13th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1386), the Suzhou government was under the jurisdiction of six departments of nanzhili (Nanjing). In the 19th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1421), the capital of Beijing was moved to Beijing. Suzhou government was under the jurisdiction of six parts of Nanjing (South Zhili for short). Wu and Changzhou counties were under the jurisdiction of Suzhou government.
In the early Qing Dynasty, Nanming was destroyed and Nanjing was abandoned. The southern province was set up in the original area under Nanjing. In 1667, Kangxi was divided into two provinces: Jiangsu (including Shanghai today) and Anhui Province. Jiangning government (now Nanjing), Suzhou government, Xuzhou government, Changzhou government, Zhenjiang government, Songjiang mansion (now Shanghai), Yangzhou government and Huai'an government were under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province (governor of the governor of Jiangsu Province in Suzhou), and the Governor General of Jiangsu Province was stationed in Suzhou. This is the beginning of Jiangsu Province construction, and the name of "Jiangsu" is named after Jiangning and Suzhou, which is referred to as "Su".
By the end of Qing Dynasty, Jiangsu Province had 8 governments, 3 Zhili Prefecture and 1 Zhili hall. During the period, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom established Nanjing, the capital of Nanjing from the third year of Xianfeng to the three years of tongzhi (1853-1864), and briefly set up Tianjing Province, Tianpu province and Sufu Province in the territory. In 1904, Guangxu was removed from Jianghuai Province in the following three decades, which was located in Jiangning, Huai'an, Yangzhou, Xuzhou, Tongzhou and Haizhou.
In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the provisional government of the Republic of China was established in Nanjing.
In the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), the national government established Nanjing, and Jiangning County of Jiangsu Province established Nanjing special city, Shanghai county and Baoshan County of Jiangsu Province. It was divided into Jiangsu Province, and was directly subordinate to the administrative yuan of the national government, which was called the city under the jurisdiction of the yuan.
From the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928) to 1949, Zhenjiang became the capital of Jiangsu Province.
In the twenty second year of the Republic of China (1933), an administrative supervision area was established. The system of Jiangsu province continued until the Republic of China.
On April 23, 1949, the PLA crossed the Yangtze River and liberated Nanjing. In June 1949, Jiangsu was liberated, with three provincial administrative regions, namely, Northern Jiangsu, Southern Jiangsu provincial government and Nanjing Municipality.
In 1952, in order to better control Hongze Lake, Xuyi county and Sihong County in Anhui were assigned to Jiangsu Province, and in exchange, Xiao county and Dangshan County were assigned to Anhui Province.
In January 1953, the northern Jiangsu, Southern Jiangsu provincial and Nanjing municipalities merged, and Nanjing was reduced to a provincial city, and the capital of the province was located in Nanjing. Jiangsu Province has six provinces (Nanjing, Wuxi, Xuzhou, Changzhou, Suzhou, Nantong), 8 special districts (Xuzhou, Huaiyin, Yancheng, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Suzhou, Songjiang and Nantong), 69 counties and 6 county-level cities.
From March 1958 to January 1959, the former nine counties of Songjiang special area in Jiangsu Province (Shanghai, Jiading, Baoshan, Songjiang, Jinshan, Chuansha, Nanhui, Fengxian and Qingpu 9 counties) and Chongming County of Nantong special area were successively under the jurisdiction of Shanghai, and the Songjiang special area was revoked. Shanghai has since expanded by 10 times.
In 1983, Jiangsu implemented the system of city management and county management, and established 11 prefecture level cities, including Nanjing, Wuxi, Xuzhou, Changzhou, Suzhou, Nantong, Lianyungang, Huaiyin, Yancheng, Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.
In 1996, Yangzhou and Taizhou were divided into three cities, Taizhou city at county level and Taizhou city at prefecture level; Huaiyin (now Huai'an) and Suqian were divided, and Suqian City was removed from county level and Suqian City at prefecture level.
In 2001, Huaiyin City was renamed Huai'an City.
administrative division
As of may2018, Jiangsu Province has 13 prefecture level cities, 22 county-level cities, 19 counties, 55 municipal districts and 767 towns. Among them, there are three pilot provinces (counties) directly under the jurisdiction of Kunshan, Taixing and Shuyang.
geographical environment
Jiangsu is located in the central part of the eastern coastal area of Chinese mainland, the Yangtze River, the lower reaches of Huaihe, the east border of the Yellow Sea, the north to Shandong, the west to Anhui, the southeast to Shanghai and Zhejiang, and is an important part of the Yangtze River Delta region. The earth span is 116 ° 18 ′～ 121 ° 57 ′ east longitude, and 30 ° 45 ′ to 35 ° 20 'north latitude. The land area is 107200 square kilometers, accounting for 1.12% of the total land area in China. Longhua formation, Zhiguang village, Zhoushan Town, Gaoyou city is determined as the geographical and geometric center of Jiangsu Province. The sea area is 37500 square kilometers, with 26 islands in total.
topographic features
Jiangsu is mainly composed of plain, 103229.17 square kilometers of land area, of which, the plain area accounts for 86.89%, reaches 89706.03 square kilometers, hilly area is 11916.16 square kilometers, and mountainous area is 1606.98 square kilometers, ranking the first in China, mainly composed of the plain of Jiangsu beipingyuan, Huanghuai Plain, Jianghuai plain, coastal plain and Yangtze River delta plain.
Jiangsu is the lowest Province in China. Most of the areas are below 50m in altitude, and the low hills are concentrated in the southwest, accounting for 14.3% of the total area of Jiangsu Province. The main areas are Laoshan Mountain, Yuntai Mountain, Ningzhen mountain range, Maoshan mountain range and Yili mountain range. Yuntai Mountain Yunv peak is the highest peak in Jiangsu Province, with an altitude of 625 meters.