Hainan

Hainan Province, one of 23 provinces in China, is located in the southernmost end of China, or Qiong, the capital of Haikou. Hainan Province is a special economic zone and a pilot free trade zone (port) in China. Located in South China, Qiongzhou Strait is delimited with Guangdong in the north, opposite Guangxi and Vietnam in the west, South China Sea to the East and Taiwan in the East, and South and South China Sea with Philippines, Brunei and Malaysia.
Hainan Island is like an oval pear with low and flat terrain, high in the middle, and is in the dome long mountain. The core of the uplift is Wuzhi Mountain and yinggoling, and it is gradually lowered outward, and consists of mountains, hills, platforms, plains and other landforms. Hainan is a tropical marine monsoon climate, with warm and hot throughout the year and abundant rainfall.
Hainan Province has a total land area of 35400 square kilometers, including 33900 square kilometers of Hainan Island and 2 million square kilometers of sea area. It has jurisdiction over 4 prefecture level cities, 5 county-level cities, 4 counties and 6 autonomous counties.
By the end of 2018, Hainan Province has a permanent population of 9.3432 million, achieving a regional GDP of 48.32 billion yuan and a per capita GDP of 52000 yuan.
Historical evolution
The book of geography, a historical record of the 20th five years, contains: "from the intersection toe to the Huiji, there are more and more places.".
During the spring and autumn and Warring States period, the island was a hundred Yue land, and there was a tribe organization named daner state in the west of the island.
According to the records of Zhengde Qiongtai in Ming Dynasty, Hainan Island was called "South Service shortage payment" (payment: border) in the third generation of Tang and Yu dynasties, and "Yuexian outer border" in Qin Dynasty. This shows that Hainan Island was a remote border in the jurisdiction of the motherland at that time. Hainan Island is one of the four major exiles, mainly Yazhou, located in the southernmost end of China.
In 221 BC, Qinshihuang destroyed six countries, and began to march to the South Vietnam and the thirty third year of Qinshihuang (first 214). It unified the south of the five ridges, and set Guilin County, Nanhai county and Xiangxian County in the south, Hainan or Xiangxian Prefecture, However, due to the tenacious resistance of South Vietnam, the Qin Dynasty did not get full control in this new occupied area, but only the nominal "remote lead". At the time, Hainan Island was outside Xiangxian.
From the materials of archaeological discovery, the human social history of Hainan Island originated from the "Sanya people" unearthed 10000 years ago, but the aborigines on the island did not have written records.
The establishment of the Empire of the Qin Dynasty ended the loose feudal system and went to a high degree of centralization.
But because of the tyranny in Qin Dynasty, it led to a large-scale peasant uprising, and Qin Dynasty II died. Zhao Tuo, who was the commander of Longchuan County in the Qin Dynasty, was acting as the captain of Nanhai county (military chief) in Lingnan. He then took up the three counties of Lingnan and became the king of Nanyue in 206 BC. Hainan became the territory of Nanyue state in the late Qin Dynasty and early Han Dynasty. Zhao Tuo was made king of Nanyue by Qin Longchuan. The forces of the South Vietnamese State spread across Hainan Island.
After Hanxing, Zhao Tuo, although he accepted the Han Dynasty's canonization and went to the imperial court, remained independent. Han Dynasty, which inherited the disadvantages of Qin Dynasty, was ready to be prosperous, especially faced with the threat of Huns in the north, and had no time to take into account the South Vietnam.
In the six years (111 years ago), Fubo ordered the chaos of South Vietnam by the army, Bode, General Yang Fu, general of building and ship. In the first year of Yuanfeng (the first 110), zhuya county (for Qiongshan and daner county) was set in Hainan Island (to govern Danzhou). It belongs to the jurisdiction of Jiaozhou governor. This is the first two administrative names of Hainan Island in China, marking the beginning of the direct domination of Hainan Island by the central government. In the first five years (82) of the first five years of emperor Zhao, daner county was abandoned in summer and incorporated into zhuya county. In the first three years of Yuan Dynasty (46 years ago), the emperor of Yuan Dynasty gave up zhuya County in spring, and gave up zhuya County by the imperial edict, and set up Zhulu County, which belonged to Hepu County, Jiaozhou. In 65 years, Hainan Island was under the jurisdiction of the central dynasty.
In the 19th year of the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, guimao (43 years), Fubo General Ma aid made a peace and made a decision to meet the South China Sea, Fu Ding Zhu ya, and then set zhuya county again, belonging to Hepu County and Zhulu County in the province. Dingmao (67) was once again located in daner County in the ten years of Yongping, the Ming emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuya and daner counties were subordinate to Hepu County, and they were supervised by Jiaozhou. The relationship between the Eastern Han Dynasty and the ancestors of Li nationality was strengthened.
During the Three Kingdoms period, the three years of Huanglong, the eastern Wu Dynasty (231), Wudai Sun Quan sent soldiers to Pingding Jiaozhou; during the period of Wu chiwu (238-251), zhuya county (governing Xuwen in Guangdong Province) was established in Leizhou Peninsula, leading Xuwen, Zhulu and zhuguan counties, which belonged to the jurisdiction of Gaozhou, and implemented "remote guidance" on Hainan Island. Sun Quan of Wudai sent soldiers to the period of the eastern Wu period of the state, and the four counties under Guangzhou included Shixing County and Hainan Island of Jingzhou.
In the first year of Taikang (280), zhuya county was incorporated into Hepu County. Julu changed to tortoiseshell. Hepu county leads Hepu, Nanping, Dangchang, Xuwen, tortoise, zhuguan 6 counties. It belongs to Jiaozhou. Zhuguan county was abandoned soon. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island were Jiaozhou.
In the southern and Southern Dynasties, zhuya county was established in the eighth year of Yuanjia (431) by the emperor of Song Dynasty, and Xuwen was soon abandoned. Zhu Guan and Zhu Lu belong to Yue State. In Datong (535-546), Wudi in Liang Dynasty, Ya Zhou was set up in the place where daner county was abandoned, which was unified in Guangzhou.
When Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty, Dingmao changed Ya state to zhuya County in three years (607) of Daye, and then analyzed that linzhenjun was set in Southwest China. In the sixth year of Daye (610), Geng Wu, the former two counties were changed into zhuya, daner and Linzhen. Daner county is located in Yilun county (now the northwest of Danzhou City). Hainan Island is divided into two counties (zhuya county and Linzhen county) and ten counties. Zhuya county is located in Yilun county. Then, Yande county and Ningyuan county were divided from zhuya County, and Linzhen county was set. Zhuya and Linzhen counties are under the jurisdiction of the history of the governor of Shili, Yangzhou.
The Tang Dynasty changed the county to the state, and the five years of tangwude (622) changed daner county to Danzhou. The governance is still in Yilun county. It is set up in 5 states, namely Yazhou, Danzhou, Zhenzhou, Wan'an state and Qiongzhou, which are under the jurisdiction of Lingnan road. Hainan is short for Qiong, which is from Qiongzhou in Tang Dynasty and belongs to South Road of Ling. Later, it belongs to the Southern Han Dynasty.
In the first year of Tianbao (724), Danzhou was changed to changhuajun.
The first year of the Qianyuan Dynasty (758) was Danzhou again.
The fourth year of Kaibao (971), the emperor of the Song Dynasty, was in the Han Dynasty in the south of the Song Dynasty.
In Song Dynasty, there were one state and three army, Qiongzhou led five counties, Nanning army led 3 counties, Wan'an army led 2 counties, Jiyang army led 3 towns, and the general leader of Hainan area since the beginning.
The local administrative system of Yuan Dynasty was divided into four levels: Province, road, government (state, army) and county level, and had a road. It was the transfer institution under and above the provincial level.
From the first generation of Yuan Dynasty to the 15th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1278), Qiongzhou road pacification department was set up in Hainan Island, which was subordinate to the province of Zhongshu of Huguang bank. In the 17th year of the Yuan Dynasty, it was subordinate to the South Road of the North Sea, and Daozhi was in Leizhou City.
In the 28th year of the yuan (1291), it was changed to the Department of the people's peace and comfort of Qiongzhou road army. The second year of the calendar of the Yuan Dynasty (1329 AD) was changed to the military and civilian pacification division of qianning. Soon, the county of an was upgraded to nanjianzhou. From the end of the yuan Huizong period, Hainan was transformed into Guangxi Province of China.
Hainan in Ming Dynasty was set up with Qiongzhou Prefecture, leading 10 counties of danwan and ya. The Hainan system in Qing Dynasty still followed the Ming Dynasty.
In March, the emperor hongwuyuan (1368), the Ming army commander made a southern expedition. In June, the marshal of the northern Haidao and the sub government of Hainan were returned to the Yuan Dynasty. In October of the same year, Hainan Island was changed to Qiongzhou Prefecture, and Jiyang army was changed to ya state, Nanning army was Danzhou, Wan'an army was Wanzhou, and three states were subordinate to Qiongzhou Prefecture, and still belonged to Guangxi. Soon, nanjianzhou was changed to Ding'an County. In June of the second year, Hongwu changed Guangdong Road to Guangdong Province, and changed the South Sea Road to Guangdong Province. Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island were transferred from Guangxi to Guangdong. In the ninth year of Hongwu, Hainan Island was a South Sea Road.
In June of the orthodox four years (1439), Yilun County of Fengguo (the place where the state governs the state) was incorporated into Danzhou, while that of Yuzhou fengguoningyuan county was merged into Yazhou, and Wanzhou attached guowanning county was merged into Wanzhou, that is, the county where the state was located was merged into the state, and its place was directly managed by the state to avoid overlapping of the structure. Qiongzhou Prefecture, which led to 10 counties in 3 states, became a custom-made one in Ming Dynasty.
The islands in the South China Sea were changed to Yazhou in Ming Dynasty. In Ming Dynasty, the Li nationality of "affiliated" was also included in the basic organizations such as the map, capital and township, and was subordinate to the prefecture and county, and was as good as Han people in grain.
The early Ming Dynasty inherited the Ming Dynasty system. The Paracel Islands (known as "thousands of miles of Changsha") and Spratly Islands (the "Wanli Stone pond") belonged to Wanzhou under the jurisdiction of Qiongzhou Prefecture. The islands in the South China Sea have been China's territory since ancient times.
In the Qing Dynasty, QiongYa road was set up in Hainan. The subordinate Qiongzhou prefecture (governing the present Qiongshan mansion), leading 1 state and 8 counties: Qiongshan (governing the present city), Chengmai (governing the old town), Ding'an (governing the city today), Wenchang (governing the modern culture town), jointly (governing the northeast of Qionghai City), the music Association (governing the southeast of Qionghai City), Lingao (governing the present and present towns), Danzhou (governing the present and middle towns).
Yazhou Zhili prefecture (now Yazhou District of Sanya City), Ya state is the capital of Liqiong state, and Guangxu was promoted to Zhili state in 1905. Ling4 counties: gratitude (to the south of the eastern city), Changhua (to the west of the current Changjiang Li Autonomous County), Lingshui (to the present Lingshui Li Autonomous County), Wanzhou (to govern Wanning City). Wanzhou Guangxu was reduced to county in 31 years.
In the Qing Dynasty, Hainan was set up with Qiongzhou Prefecture, which governs 3 states and 10 counties. Therefore, it is known as "thirteen states". In the late Qing Dynasty, a government was set up, 1 Zhili Prefecture, 1 state and 11 counties.
There are 42 articles of Tianjin treaty between China and France signed on June 27, 1858. In addition, the supplement to the articles of association of the peace agreement includes six additional ports, namely Qiongzhou (Haikou), Chaozhou, Taiwan, freshwater, Dengzhou and Jiangning.
In 1912, the Republic of China was officially established, and QiongYa road was set up in Qiongshan mansion, and Dao Yin was set up to govern the whole island.