Anhui

Anhui, referred to as "Anhui", was named Anqing and Huizhou at that time, and was the provincial administrative region of the people's Republic of China. Hefei is the provincial capital. Located in East China, Anhui is bounded by 114 ° 54 ′ - 119 ° 37 ′ e, 29 ° 41 ′ to 34 ° 38 ′ n, Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the East, Henan and Hubei to the west, Jiangxi in the South and Shandong in the north. The total area of Anhui Province is 140000 square kilometers.
Anhui Province is located in East China, near the river and offshore, with 800 miles of riverside urban agglomeration and Anhui economic belt, which has the Yangtze River channel and the economic radiation from coastal areas. The terrain consists of plain, hills and mountains, and crosses three major water systems, namely Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River. Anhui Province is located in the transition area of warm temperate zone and subtropical zone. The north of Huaihe River is a warm temperate semi humid monsoon climate, and the south of Huaihe River is subtropical humid monsoon climate, which is compatible with the north and south.
Anhui Province is an important part of the Yangtze River Delta. It is in the strategic thrust of national economic development and the docking zone of several major economic plates in China. Economy, culture and other areas of the Yangtze River Delta have historical and natural connections. Anhui culture has a long history, which consists of four cultural circles, namely Huizhou culture, Huaihe culture, Anhui river culture and Luzhou culture. As of August 2019, Anhui Province has 16 provinces, 8 County cities, 53 counties and 44 municipal districts.
By the end of 2018, Anhui achieved 3 trillion and 680 million yuan in GDP, 263 billion 800 million yuan in the primary industry, 1 trillion and 384 billion 210 million yuan in the second industry, 1 trillion and 352 billion 670 million yuan in third industries, 63 million 236 thousand in permanent residents and 70 million 591 thousand and 500 in registered residence.
According to the sampling survey results of Anhui survey team of the National Bureau of statistics in August 2019, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in Anhui Province was 18655 yuan in the first half of the year, an increase of 9.4% year-on-year, with an increase of 1.4 percentage points higher than the national average. The per capita disposable income growth rate of urban residents in Anhui Province ranks the third in China and the first in the central part. The absolute income ranks 14th in the country and the third in the central region.
Historical evolution
The origin of place names
Anhui Province was founded in the sixth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1667 A.D.), and was named as the first word of Anqing and Huizhou at that time. It was abbreviated as Anhui because of the Anhui mountains and ancient Anhui countries in the spring and Autumn period.
Evolution of organizational system
Anhui is divided into different tribes (Yang Yue, Baipu) and the Hou countries.
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were four kingdoms, namely Wu, six and Shu.
In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there were five kingdoms, namely Yue, Chu, Wu, Xiao and Tongguo.
During the spring and Autumn period (770-476), it was divided into song, Chu, CAI and Xu.
In Qin Dynasty, county system was implemented, and Huiji county and Jiujiang county were in the south of the Yangtze River, and Sishui County, Dang county and Chen County in the north.
During the period from late Qin to Chu Han, Zhangjun, Hengshan County and Lujiang County were added, and they were divided into nine kingdoms, namely Jiujiang, Xi Chu and Hengshan.
In the Western Han Dynasty, Anhui was divided into Huainan, Lujiang, Hengshan, Lu'an, Jing, Huaiyang and Liang.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the province is Yangzhou to the south of the Yangtze River, Xuzhou and Henan to the north.
During the three kingdoms' establishment, they were divided into two countries: Sun Wu and Caowei.
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Huaibei area was divided into Liu Han, houzhao, Qianyan, qianqin, houqin, Houyan, etc. in the "Wuhu Sixteen States", and kept the old system, and was still divided into two states, Xu and Yu (including the eastern Henan).
During the northern and Southern Dynasties, song, Qi, Liang and Chen all recovered Huaibei area successively, and they had the Jiangnan area, and took Jianghuai area as the battlefield of North-South dispute for a long time. In the late Chen Dynasty, the Yangtze River was limited, and the Jianghuai and the north areas were divided into Northern Qi and Northern Zhou. In the late Southern Dynasty, Anhui Province was divided into Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasty in the north.
After Sui unified China, there were Lujiang, Qiao County, Ruyin, Huainan, Zhongli, Guyang, Tongan, Xuancheng, Xin'an and Liyang.
Tang Dynasty divided China into ten roads, Anhui is divided into Henan Road, Huainan road and Jiangnan East Road.
During the Five Dynasties and ten countries, Huaibei area was divided into Houliang, later Tang, later Jin, later Han Dynasty and later Zhou Dynasty. The South (including Jianghuai and Jiangnan) was successively divided into Wu and Southern Tang.
In the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1111), it was divided into five roads, namely Jiangnan East Road, Beijing northwest road, Jingdong West Road, Huainan West Road and Huainan East Road. Song Dynasty room south, Song Jin confrontation, Jin people have Huaibei, Southern Song has Huainan, Jiangnan.
The Yuan Dynasty set up "xingzhongshu province" (referred to as xingprovincial), and the whole country was divided into 11 provinces. Anhui Province is located in Henan Province and Jiangsu Zhejiang Province.
In Ming Dynasty, Anhui was under the jurisdiction of Nanjing, which was divided into seven governments, namely Anqing, Huizhou, Ningguo, Chizhou, Taiping, Luzhou and Fengyang, and Chuhe, Si and Guangde. In the second year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang built the capital city in Fengyang. Fengyang county still has the ruins of Zhongdu City, Ming imperial mausoleum and imperial tombs of the emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
In the early Qing Dynasty, Nanming was destroyed and Nanjing was abandoned. The southern province was set up in the original area under Nanjing. In 1667, Kangxi was divided into two provinces: Jiangsu (including Shanghai) and Anhui. When Anhui was built in Qing Dynasty, Anhui Province was under the jurisdiction of Huizhou, Ningguo, Chizhou, Taiping, Anqing, Luzhou, Fengyang, Yingzhou eight prefectures, Guangde, Chuhe, he, Si, Lu'an, and fifty-five counties. The names of provinces and counties are basically fixed.
The construction of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Anhui occupied area was to adopt the three-level management system of province, county (state) and county, and change the government of Qing Dynasty into county.
In the early Republic of China, Anhui Province was divided into Wuhu, Anqing and huaisi. Wuhu Road includes Taiping, Huizhou, Ningguo, Chizhou, and guangdezhou; anqing road includes Anqing, Luzhou second government and Lu'an and Hezhou; huaisi road includes Fengyang, Yingzhou second government, Si and Chuzhou. After the road is abandoned, the office of the Commissioner for administrative supervision shall be set up. The province shall have a governor (Chairman of the province) and a county head. The capital of the province was in Anqing, and after the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, the capital of the province temporarily moved to Lihuang (Jinzhai) County; after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the capital of the province moved to Hefei.
In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), Dangshan and Xiaoxian belonged to xuhaidao, Jiangsu Province; huaisi road and anqing road to the north of the Yangtze River, and Wuhu Road in the south of the Yangtze River.
In the twenty-one year of the Republic of China (1932), the first county system was implemented; on October 10, the system of the administrative Commissioner supervision area (Special District) was implemented.
During the Anti Japanese War, the provincial construction base areas were divided into central Anhui (River), Huaibei and Huainan.
During the period of Japanese puppet and Wang puppet regime, the province is now divided into Huaihai province and Anhui Province.
At the beginning of liberation, Anhui was divided into two branches: the northern Anhui and the southern Anhui provincial government, Hefei and Wuhu. In 1952, the southern and Northern Anhui provincial departments were merged to restore Anhui Province, with the capital located in Hefei.
On April 15th, 1949, the northern part of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province was liberated. On April 20, 1949, Anhui was liberated, with two provincial administrative regions in the northern and southern Anhui administrative regions.
On August 7, 1952, the northern Anhui Provincial Development Bureau and the southern Anhui Provincial Bureau merged to form the Anhui provincial government, and the capital of the province was located in Hefei.
On April 14th, 1955, in order to better control Hongze Lake, Xuyi county and Sihong County of Anhui were assigned to Jiangsu Province, in exchange, Xiaoxian and Dangshan County of Jiangsu were assigned to Anhui.
In January 1966, the people's Committee of Anhui Province was interrupted. In 1968, the people's Government of Anhui Province officially resumed its office.
In 1983, Anhui implemented the system of city management and county management, and established eight prefecture level cities, Hefei, Bengbu, Anqing, Huainan, Wuhu, Ma'anshan, Huaibei and Tongling.
From 1987 to 2000, nine prefecture level cities including Huangshan, Chuzhou, Fuyang, Suzhou, Lu'an, Chaohu, Bozhou, Chizhou and Xuancheng were added.
In August, 2011, Chaohu City was cancelled. Chaohu City is established at county level, and four counties in one district under the jurisdiction of Chaohu City are respectively under the jurisdiction of Hefei, Wuhu and Ma'anshan.
On October 12 and December 3, 2015, the State Council approved the adjustment of some administrative divisions in Tongling, Anqing, Lu'an and Huainan cities in Anhui Province twice.
On August 10, 2018, buried hill county was cancelled and county-level buried hill city was established. Qianshan city is under the central government of Anhui Province and managed by Anqing city.
administrative division
As of December 31st, 2018, Anhui Province has 16 provincial municipalities (prefecture level cities), 8 county-level cities, 53 counties, 44 municipal districts, 249 sub district offices, 1239 towns [968 towns, 271 townships (7 Hui townships, 1 Hui Manchu Township, 1 She nationality township)). No. 1 Zhongshan Road, Baohe District, Hefei City, Sichuan Province.
geographical environment
Location context
Anhui is located in East China, and belongs to the eastern China Economic Zone economically. The geographical location is 114 ° 54 ′ - 119 ° 37 'e and 29 ° 41 ′ to 34 ° 38' n. It is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, the hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta, which is centered on the East and the river, and connects Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the East, Hubei and Henan to the west, Jiangxi to the south, Shandong in the north, 450 km in width from east to west and 570km in the north and south. The jurisdiction covers an area of 1401000 square kilometers, and the land area is 139400 square kilometers, accounting for 1.45% of the country, ranking 22nd.
topographic features
Anhui Province has a complete range of plain, platform (post), hills and mountains, which can be divided into five geomorphic areas, namely, Huaihe plain area, Jianghuai platform hilly area, Western Anhui hilly area, Riverside plain area and southern Anhui hilly and mountainous area, accounting for 30.48%, 17.56%, 9.99%, 24.91% and 16.70% of the province's area. There are Tianmu Baiji, Huangshan and Jiuhua mountains in Anhui Province. The three mountains are Xinanjiang, Shuiyangjiang and Qingyijiang valley. The terrain gradually decreases from the core of mountain to the valley, and consists of layered landform pattern composed of Zhongshan, low mountain, hill, platform and plain. The mountain areas are mainly distributed in the north-east and near East-West directions, among which the highest peak is the lotus peak of Huangshan with an altitude of 1873 meters. The largest of them is the Xiuhe basin.
climate
Anhui Province is a transitional area of warm temperate zone and subtropical zone in climate. It is a warm temperate semi humid monsoon climate in the north of Huaihe River, and sub hot humid monsoon climate in the south of Huaihe River. Its main characteristics are: monsoon is obvious, four seasons are clear, spring is warm and changeable, summer rain is concentrated, autumn is high and cool, and winter is cold. Anhui is located in the middle latitude area. With the monsoon, precipitation changes obviously in season, which is one of the regions with obvious monsoon climate.
Spring and autumn are from winter to summer, and from summer to winter. The frost free period of the whole year is 200-250 days, and the active accumulated temperature at 10 ℃ is about 4600-5300 ℃. The average annual temperature is 14-17 ℃, the average temperature in January is 1-4 ℃ and the average temperature in July is 28-29 ℃. The annual average precipitation is 773-1670mm, which is characterized by more South and less north, more mountainous areas and less hills in plain. In summer, it has abundant precipitation, accounting for 40% - 60% of annual precipitation.