Guizhou

Guizhou, referred to as "Guizhou" or "Gui", is the provincial administrative region of the people's Republic of China. Guiyang, the capital of the province, is located in the hinterland of Southwest China. It is a transportation hub in Southwest China and an important part of the Yangtze River economic belt. The first national comprehensive test area of big data, a world-famous mountain tourism destination and a large mountain tourism province, a national ecological civilization test area and an open inland economic test area. It is bounded by latitude 24 ° 37 ′ - 29 ° 13 'north, longitude 103 ° 36 ′ - 109 ° 35 ′ East, Sichuan and Chongqing in the north, Hunan in the East, Guangxi in the South and Yunnan in the West.
Guizhou is high in the West and low in the East and inclined from the central to the north, East and south. The landform of Guizhou can be summarized as follows: the terrain in Guizhou is high in the West and low in the East, and from the central to the north, East and south. The landform and plateau mountainous areas are mostly, which is known as "eight mountains, one water and one field". The geomorphology of the province can be divided into three basic types: plateau mountain, hill and basin, of which 92.5% of the area is mountain and hill. The total area is 176200 square kilometers, which belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, and crosses the Yangtze River and Pearl River. By the end of 2018, Guizhou Province has six provinces, three autonomous states, 52 counties, 11 autonomous counties, 9 county-level cities, 15 municipal districts and 1 special zone.
As of december2018, Guizhou has a permanent population of 36million, with a GDP of 1480.645 billion yuan, a primary industry of 215.954 billion yuan, a secondary industry of 57.5554 billion yuan, a third industry of 689.137 billion yuan, and a per capita regional GDP of 41244 yuan.
Historical evolution
Before the spring and Autumn period, Guizhou was of Southwest origin of Jingzhou, which was part of Jingchu or Nanman.
In the late Warring States period, Yelang became one of the largest countries in Southwest China (most of its territory is in Guizhou today).
After the unification of China, Qin Shihuang built five foot road in Yelang area, and set up counties and officials in some places.
The Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty continued to implement the county system in Yelang area, and opened up the passage from Pingyi (today's Bijie) to the river (Beipanjiang) and Panyu (now Guangzhou) in the south of Sichuan Province. In 25 BC, Yelang state was destroyed, and the county system was finally established in Yelang area.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was built along the Western Han Dynasty.
During the Three Kingdoms, the Shu Han regime was occupied in the southwest. Guizhou is a county of the county of the Han, Zhuti, Xinggu, Jianghan and Fuling.
In the northern and Southern Dynasties of the two Jin Dynasties, in addition to the county of Qiangyun, the remote areas are also divided into Zhuti, Jianghan and other counties.
In Sui Dynasty, the county of Yizhou and Mingyang was set in Guizhou. In addition, the northeast of Guizhou is now divided into Qianan county and Yuanling County.
In Tang Dynasty, the system of Jingzhi state and Jiju Prefecture was carried out in Guizhou Province. The Jingzhi state established by Tang Dynasty in Guizhou includes broadcasting state, Si state, etc., and Jiju state and Manzhou state. From the regional perspective, the northern part of Wujiang is mainly Jingzhi state, and the south of Wujiang River is Jiju Prefecture.
In Song Dynasty, Guizhou Province is now subordinate to Kuizhou Road, Jinghu North Road, Tongchuan Road, Guangnan West Road, Jiannan West Road and Jiannan East Road, and mainly belongs to Kuizhou road. In 974, the former leader Pugui controlled the Quzhou and the Song Dynasty wrote the word "only Guizhou is far from being desolate". This is the earliest record of this area under the name of Guizhou. In the first year of Song Dynasty and the first year (1119), the imperial court awarded the title of defense envoy of Guizhou for Tian Yougong, the military Aboriginal leader of zhisi Prefecture, who was appointed by Ning military Chengxuan, and "Guizhou" became the name of administrative division. But the "Guizhou" was limited to Guiyang area.
The Yuan Dynasty has been practising the chieftain system in Guizhou today. The main construction in Guizhou is as follows: the General Commander's mansion, the propaganda and comfort Department of the Ba fan Shun Yuan and other places, the propaganda and comfort Department of the city of Baozhou, the propaganda and comfort Department of Shizhou, the new Tian Ge man pacifier department, the ussamun propaganda and comfort department, Yixi bushei propaganda and comfort department, Puding road and Pu'an Road, respectively belong to the three provinces of Huguang, Sichuan and Yunnan.
In the 11th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1413 A.D.), Guizhou was established as the official governor and Guizhou as the provincial name. The former is under the jurisdiction of Guizhou Provincial chief of cloth and administration. In the late Ming Dynasty, Guizhou political secretary led Guizhou propaganda and comfort department and Guiyang, Anshun and Pingyue military and civilian governments, and 7 houses including Duyun, Liping, Sizhou, Sinan, Tongren, Zhenyuan and Shiqian.
In the early Qing Dynasty, the administrative construction of Guizhou had a great change.
In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Zunyi government, which belongs to Sichuan and its counties, was transformed to Guizhou. Meanwhile, Yongning, north of Bijie, was divided into Sichuan, and Hongshui River and Nanpanjiang were located in Yongfeng Prefecture, and Guizhou was under the jurisdiction of Libo, Pingxi and Tianzhu of Huguang in Guangxi. So far, Guizhou has basically formed its territory. In the late Qing Dynasty, Guizhou had 12 government, 2 Zhili hall, 13 states, 13 halls and 43 counties.
In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Guizhou local government district made an adjustment. The former government, hall and state were changed to counties. There are three observation envoys in the province. Abandoned road in 1920. In 1937, Guizhou had six administrative supervision commissioner areas in charge of each county. In 1941, Guiyang was set up. By 1948, Guizhou had one directly under the central government, six administrative supervision areas and 78 counties (cities) under its jurisdiction.
From April 1930 to October 1936, the Red Army of industry and agriculture of China entered Guizhou and established revolutionary power in some areas. In June 1934, the third army of the Red Army of industry and agriculture of China (namely the Red Army II) entered the east of Guizhou and established the special zone of Guizhou. In July, the Special Zone Committee was established, and the Revolutionary Committee of counties, districts and townships was established in counties along the river, Dejiang, Yinjiang and Songtao. In January 1935, Zunyi Meeting was held to establish Comrade Mao Zedong's leading position in the Chinese revolution. In December 1935, the second army of the Red Army of industry and agriculture of China entered Guizhou. In February 1936, the Revolutionary Committee of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou Province (later moved to Bijie county) was established in Dading, and then the people's political power of counties, districts and townships was established in Bijie, Dading and Western Guizhou.
administrative division
Division evolution
On November 15th, 1949, the people's Liberation Army of China liberated Guiyang and on December 26, the people's Government of Guizhou Province was established. In the early period of liberation, the province had a direct city, 8 special districts and one special district under the jurisdiction of the city, with 79 counties in total.
In April 1956, the three special districts of guiding, Zhenyuan and Duyun were abolished, and Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture and Qiannan Buyi Miao Autonomous Prefecture were set up. The administration was Kaili (on July 23, 1956, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture was established in Zhenyuan, and then moved to Kaili in 1958.) And Duyun.
In 1956, two villages in Qijiang County, Sichuan Province were assigned to Jishui County, Guizhou Province (later renamed Xishui County).
In 1960, Langdai County, Anshun special district was abolished, six branches of city were set up, and then changed to six branch counties.
In 1965, Duyun City was restored to be the capital of Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in South Guizhou.
In 1966, six Branch Industrial and mining areas, Shuicheng industrial and mining areas and Panxian industrial and mining areas were set up on the basis of Liuzhi County, Shuicheng County and Panxian County of Xingyi special district.
In 1970, Wanshan Special Zone was established, which was under the jurisdiction of Tongren special district. The six branch special zone, Pan County special zone and Shuicheng special zone are set up in the combination of Liuzhi, Pan County, Shuicheng industrial and technological mining areas and the original counties. Liupanshui special zone shall be established, which shall be under the jurisdiction of Liuzhi special zone of Anshun special area, Shuicheng special zone of original Bijie special area and Pan County special zone of original Xingyi special area.
In December 1978, Liupanshui special district was revoked, with a prefecture level Liupanshui City, which has three special zones under its jurisdiction. The municipal government is located in Shuicheng special zone, which is the second prefecture level city in Guizhou Province.
In September 1981, Xingyi district was abolished and Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Southwest Guizhou was set up, and the administration was Xingyi.
In 1983, Kaili County, the Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in Southeast Guizhou Province, was abolished, and Kaili city was set up at the county level, which was the capital of the Autonomous Prefecture.
In 1987, the special zone of Shuicheng was abolished, and Shuicheng County and Zhongshan District were set up. The residence of Liupanshui municipal government was changed to Zhongshan District.
In 1988, Xingyi County, the Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in Southwest Guizhou Province, was abolished, and Xingyi City at the county level was established as the capital of the Autonomous Prefecture.
In 1990, Chishui County in Zunyi district was revoked and Chishui City at county level was established. Anshun City and Anshun county are merged as the administrative center of Anshun district.
In 1992, the special zone of Pan County of Liupanshui City was revoked and Pan county was changed. The cancellation of Qingzhen County in Anshun district and the establishment of county level Qingzhen city shall still be under the jurisdiction of Anshun district.
In 1994, Renhuai County, Zunyi District, was revoked and Renhuai City at county level was established. Bijie County, Bijie district, has been revoked and Bijie City at county level is established as the administrative center of Bijie district.
In 1996, Qingzhen City, Xiuwen County, Kaiyang County and Xifeng County, which were originally in Anshun area, were assigned to Guiyang city.
In 1997, Zunyi district and county Zunyi City were abolished, and Zunyi City was established at the prefecture level. Zunyi City at the original county level was changed to Honghuagang District. Zunyi City has jurisdiction over one district, two cities and ten counties.
In 2000, Anshun district was abolished and Anshun City was established at the prefecture level. Anshun City at the original county level was changed to Xixiu District, and Anshun City had jurisdiction over one district and five counties.
In 2003, the author analyzed some areas of Honghuagang District of Zunyi City and established Huichuan District of Zunyi City.
In 2011, Tongren district was cancelled, with Tongren City at the prefecture level. Tongren City at the original county level was changed to Bijiang district and the original Wanshan Special Zone was changed to Wanshan district. Tongren City has jurisdiction over two districts and eight counties. In the same year, Bijie district was revoked and Bijie City was set up at the prefecture level. The original county-level Bijie City was changed to seven star guandistrict, which had jurisdiction over one district and seven counties.
In 2013, the pilot mode of provincial management County was implemented, and Weining County of Renhuai City, which was originally Zunyi City, was designated as the pilot county directly under provincial management.
On January 6th, 2014, the State Council issued the reply of the State Council on agreeing to establish Guizhou Gui'an New District (Guo Han [2014] No. 3) and agreed to establish a national new area Guizhou Gui'an new area. In the same year, Pingba County of Anshun City was revoked and Pingba District of Anshun City was set up.
In 2016, Zunyi County of Zunyi City was cancelled and the city of Zunyi City was established as broadcasting district.
In April 2017, the Ministry of Civil Affairs agreed to cancel Pan County of Liupanshui City, and set up a county-level panzhou City, which is under the charge of Liupanshui City.
In August, 2018, according to the reply of the Ministry of Civil Affairs on Approving the cancellation of Xingren County in Guizhou Province to establish Xingren city at county level (Minhan [2018] No. 107), the State Council approved the cancellation of Xingren County, Qianxi South Prefecture and the establishment of Xingren city at county level.