Zhejiang

Zhejiang, referred to as Zhejiang, is a provincial administrative region of the people's Republic of China. Hangzhou, the capital of the province, is located on the southeast coast of China. Zhejiang borders between 118 ° 01 '-123 ° 10' e, 27 ° 02 '-31 ° 11' north latitude, East China Sea, Fujian in the south, Anhui and Jiangxi in the west, Shanghai and Jiangsu in the north. Qiantang River, the largest river in the territory, is also called Zhejiang because of its twists and turns. Zhejiang Province is named Zhejiang Province, which is called Zhejiang Province. Zhejiang Province covers an area of 105500 square kilometers.
Zhejiang is inclined from southwest to northeast, and the terrain is complex. The mountains are roughly parallel to the northeast from southwest to northeast. It is composed of plain, hills, basins, mountains and islands, which span Qiantang River, Oujiang River, Lingjiang River, Tiaoxi River, Yongjiang River, Feiyun River, Aojiang River and Caoe River. Zhejiang Province is located in the middle of subtropical zone, which is monsoon humid climate, and its natural conditions are superior.
By the end of 2018, Zhejiang Province has 11 provinces (two sub provincial cities), 20 county-level cities, 32 counties, 1 Autonomous County and 37 municipal districts.
By the end of 2018, the preliminary accounting showed that the total regional GDP of the whole year was 56.19 billion yuan, an increase of 7.1% over the previous year. At the end of the year, the permanent population of the province was 57.37 million, an increase of 800000 over the end of last year. In October 2019, it will be selected into the national digital economy innovation and development pilot zone.
Historical evolution
administrative division
As of 2019, Zhejiang Province has 11 prefecture level cities (2 sub provincial cities), which are divided into 89 county administrative regions, including 37 municipal districts, 20 county-level cities, 32 counties and 1 Autonomous County.
geographical environment
Zhejiang Province is located on the southeast coast of China and the south wing of the Yangtze River Delta, and spans 27 ° 02'to 31 ° 11' n, and 118 ° 01'to 123 ° 10' E. It is adjacent to the East China Sea, Fujian to the south, Jiangxi and Anhui in the west, and Shanghai and Jiangsu to the north. Zhejiang is one of the provinces with a small area, with a straight distance of 450 km from east to west and north-south, and a land area of 105500 square kilometers, which is 1.1% of China.
topographic features
Zhejiang Province has 74.63% of mountains and hills, 20.32% of flat land, 5.05% of rivers and lakes, and only 20817000 hectares of cultivated land. Therefore, it is said that "seven mountains, one water and two fields" are said.
Zhejiang is a kind of gradient from southwest to northeast, and mountainous area is the main in southwest, hills in the middle, and low flat alluvial plain in Northeast. It can be divided into six terrain areas, namely, Northern Zhejiang plain, West Zhejiang hill, eastern Zhejiang hill, Jinqu basin in the middle, southern Zhejiang mountain area, southeast coastal plain and coastal island.
Zhoushan Island (the main island of Zhoushan Islands) with an area of 495.4 square kilometers is the fourth largest island in China. In the map of the unification of the Qing Dynasty, the largest island in China is Kup island in the northeast corner, which is bigger than that of Taiwan Island, Hainan Island and Chongming Island. In 1860, czar Russia forced the Qing government to cede the island through the Sino Russian Beijing treaty. Since then, the government of Qing Dynasty forced the Qing government to cede the island, In this history, China's largest island has become the largest island in Russia, the first island in China has changed from Kup island to Taiwan Island, the fourth largest island in China from Chongming Island to Zhoushan Island, and the original fifth largest island in China, Zhoushan Island, to the fourth largest island in China.
The alluvial plain with dense water network in Northern Zhejiang, coastal hills in East Zhejiang, mountainous areas in southern Zhejiang and island landform of Zhoushan City are all available in the mountains, rivers, lakes and seas. The southwest is mostly composed of mountains more than km, among which, huangmaojian, located in Longquan, is 1929 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Zhejiang Province. The terrain is mainly hills, mountains and basins. The four plains are Hangzhou Jiahu plain (Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou), Ningshao plain (Ningbo, Shaoxing), jinlijiqu plain (Jinhua, Lishui, Quzhou), Wentai plain (Wenzhou and Taizhou).
climate
Zhejiang is a subtropical monsoon climate with distinct monsoon seasons, moderate annual temperature, more light, abundant rainfall, humid air, synchronous seasonal changes of rain and heat, diversified climate resources and various meteorological disasters. The average annual temperature is 15-18 ℃, January and July are the lowest and highest months in the whole year, and the concentrated rainfall period is in May and June. The maximum temperature is 44.1 ℃, the lowest temperature is -17.4 ℃; the average annual rainfall in Zhejiang Province is 980-2000 mm, and the annual average sunshine hours are 1710-2100 hours.
In spring, East Asian monsoon is in the alternating season of wind direction and summer wind change in winter, with frequent north-south air flow intersection, and the low pressure and frontal activity are intensified. The spring climate in Zhejiang is characterized by cloudy and rainy, with strong winds often appearing along the coast and offshore. The rainfall in Zhejiang Province increases and the weather is sunny and rainy. It is called "children face in spring, changing three times a day". The average temperature in spring is 13-18 ℃, and the distribution of temperature is characterized by decreasing from inland areas to coastal and island areas; precipitation in Zhejiang Province is 320-700 mm, and precipitation is gradually decreasing from southwest to northeast coastal areas; and rainy days in Zhejiang Province are 41-62 days. The main meteorological disasters in spring are rainy and cold in spring.
In summer, with the establishment of the summer monsoon circulation system, the southeast wind prevails in Zhejiang. The subtropical high activity in the Northwest Pacific has an important influence on the weather in Zhejiang, while the cold air in the North has a certain influence on the weather in Zhejiang. The rainy days in Zhejiang Province are 32-55 days. The main meteorological disasters in summer include typhoon, rainstorm, drought and flood.
In autumn, the summer wind gradually weakened, and the transition to winter wind, cyclones were frequent, front precipitation was more, and the temperature changed greatly. The average autumn temperature of Zhejiang Province is 16-21 ℃, the temperature of southeast coastal and central areas is high, and the temperature in Northwest Mountainous Areas is low; the precipitation is 210-430mm, the precipitation in the central and southern coastal mountainous areas is more, although the precipitation in the northeast is slightly less, it has a great interannual variation; the rainy days in Zhejiang Province are 28-42 days.
In winter, the winter wind intensity in East Asia mainly depends on the activity of Mongolia cold and high pressure. The weather in Zhejiang is affected by the northern cold air mass (i.e. winter monsoon), and the types of weather process are relatively small. The winter climate is characterized by clear, cold, less rain and dry air. The average temperature in winter is 3-9 ℃, and the distribution of temperature is characterized by decreasing from south to north, decreasing from east to west; precipitation in each area is 140-250 mm, except for the small number of islands in Northeast China, there is no difference in other places; rainy days in Zhejiang Province are 28-41 days. The main meteorological disasters in winter are cold tide, rain and snow.
hydrology
Zhejiang has more than 30 lakes with a volume of more than 1 million cubic meters, including West Lake and Dongqian Lake, and the coastline (including islands) is more than 6400 km long. There are eight major water systems from north to south, including Tiaoxi, Jinghang Canal (Zhejiang section), Qiantang River, Yongjiang River, Lingjiang River, Oujiang River, Feiyun River and Aojiang River. Qiantang River is the first river. The above eight main rivers are all flowing into the sea alone except for Tiaoxi and Jinghang Canal.
natural resources
water resource
Zhejiang is located in subtropical monsoon climate area, with abundant precipitation and annual precipitation of 1600 mm, which is one of the regions with rich precipitation in China.
The average annual water resources in Zhejiang Province is 93.7 billion cubic meters, but due to the high population density, the per capita water resources share is only 2008 cubic meters, and the least Zhoushan and other islands have only 600 cubic meters per capita water resources.
land resource
Land survey is an important survey of national conditions and strength. The second land survey in Zhejiang Province started in 2007, lasted for 3 years, and by January2010, the summary and analysis of the survey results of standard time point (December 31, 2009) were completed, and the land use status of Zhejiang Province was comprehensively investigated and the land resources of various types were mastered. On June 20th, 2014, with the consent of the provincial government, the Provincial Department of land and resources and the Provincial Bureau of Statistics jointly published the main data results of the second land survey in Zhejiang Province.
As of December 31st, 2009 (standard time point), the cultivated land in Zhejiang Province was 29.8003 million mu, accounting for 18.83%; the garden land was 9435200 mu, accounting for 5.96%; the forest land was 85309400 mu, accounting for 53.91%; the grassland was 1557600 mu, accounting for 0.97%; urban village and industrial and mining land was 13.3349 million mu, accounting for 8.43%; the land for transportation was 3190700 mu, accounting for 2.02%; the land for water area and water conservancy facilities was 12.8953 million mu, accounting for 8.15%; other soil The land is 2.7353 million mu, accounting for 1.73%.
The soil in Zhejiang Province is mainly yellow soil and red soil, accounting for more than 70% of Zhejiang Province area, mostly distributed in Hilly and mountainous areas, plain and valley are mostly paddy soil, and there are salt soil and desalting soil in coastal areas.