Jing'an District of Shanghai Municipality

Jing'an District is subordinate to Shanghai, located in the center of Shanghai, adjacent to six districts, Huangpu District, Hongkou District and Baoshan District in the East, Changning District, Putuo District and Baoshan District in the west, Changle Road in the South and Xuhui District in the north.

In October 2015, the State Council approved the restoration of Zhabei and Jing'an districts by "removing the second and building the first", and established a new Jing'an District. With a total area of 37 square kilometers and a permanent population of 1.1 million, the district has 13 streets, 1 town and 274 neighborhood (Village) committees. "Jing'an" is named after the ancient temple Jing'an Temple in Shanghai. It is located in the center of Shanghai and adjacent to six districts. It has a long history, beautiful urban environment, developed commerce and business, burst out of innovation vitality, and convenient information transportation. It is an important window for Shanghai's foreign exchange.

In 2017, Jing'an District reconfirmed as a national health city (District). In 2017, Jing'an District confirmed that it would continue to retain the honorary title of national civilized city. The best leisure tourism destination of China National Tourism in 2018. In December 2018, it was confirmed by the Ministry of civil affairs as the third batch of national community governance and service innovation experimental zones. On October 20, 2020, it will be included in the list of national double support model cities (counties).

In 2017, the GDP reached 170.368 billion yuan, an increase of 7.0% over the previous year at comparable prices. Among them, the added value of the secondary industry was 9.997 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 160.371 billion yuan, an increase of 7.2%. The added value of the tertiary industry accounted for 94.1% of the GDP. The per capita GDP calculated according to the resident population of that year was 159800 yuan, an increase of 5300 yuan over the previous year.

Historical evolution

Jing'an District is named after Jing'an Temple. The area is located to the north of Wusong River (old road). Before the tenth year of Jiading (1217), it belonged to Kunshan County, and then to Jiading County and Baoshan county. To the south of Wusong River (old road), it was subordinate to Huating County in the 28th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1291), and then to Shanghai county in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Qiujiang is the boundary river between Shanghai county and Baoshan county. It was filled when roads were built in the early Republic of China. In 1863, the central and southern part of the Qing Dynasty was established as a US concession, and later became a public concession. In 1899, most of the southern part of the territory was divided into the western part of the public concession. In order to resist the expansion of the concession, in 1900, the gentry and merchants of Zhabei set up the General Administration of Zhabei engineering and set up their own commercial port. In 1914, the French Concession expanded, and all the areas south of changbang Road (middle Yan'an Road) and Xujiahui Road (Huashan Road) were designated as French concession. Therefore, the southern part of the territory is French concession, public concession and the northern part is mainly Chinese concession. In July 1927, the Shanghai special municipal government took over 17 townships. In July of the next year, all the old townships were renamed District, and Zhabei city was renamed Zhabei District. In the 1930s, the Japanese army launched two Songhu wars, and Zhabei District became a famous shantytown in Shanghai. In 1937, when Shanghai was occupied by the Japanese, the puppet government changed Zhabei District into Zhabei administrative office and Hubei District Office. The public concession became an "isolated island" before the Pacific War.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese war in 1945, the situation was divided into the 10th, 11th, 12th, 14th and 15th districts. In 1947, the fourteenth district was called Zhabei District, and the fifteenth district was called Beizhan district. On May 30, 1949, the municipal Military Control Commission took over Jing'an District and changed its name to Jing'an Temple District at one time. On June 28, 1950, it was renamed Jing'an District again.

In the early days of liberation, the territory belonged to Jing'an, Xincheng, Jiangning, Zhabei and Beizhan districts. In 1956, the urban area of Shanghai was adjusted, and the organizational system of Jing'an District was abolished. Taking Fumin road and Changde Road as the boundary, the eastern part was divided into the new urban area, the western part was merged into Changning District, and Zhabei and Beizhan districts were merged into Zhabei District. In January 1960, the division was adjusted again, the Xincheng District and Jiangning District were abolished, and the west part of Chengdu North Road in Xincheng District, the whole Jiangning District and the east part of Zhenning road in Changning District were merged to rebuild Jing'an District.

On November 4, 2015, Shanghai municipal Party committee and Shanghai municipal government announced the "Reply of the State Council on Approving the adjustment of some administrative divisions in Shanghai" to cancel Zhabei District and Jing'an District and establish a new Jing'an District. In March 2016, the former Jing'an District and the former Zhabei District completed the work of "removing the second and building the first", and the new Jing'an District was established.

geographical environment

Location context

Jing'an District is located in the center of Shanghai, adjacent to six districts, Huangpu District, Hongkou District and Baoshan District in the East, Changning District, Putuo District and Baoshan District in the west, Xuhui District in the South and Baoshan District in the north. The total area of the region is 37.37 square kilometers.

climate

Jing'an District has a subtropical monsoon climate, which is located in the center of Shanghai "urban heat island". Its climate characteristics are as follows: early spring and summer, late autumn and winter; few cold days, late first ice day, early last ice day; the average number of days with the highest temperature above 30 ℃ in summer is 67 days, 10 days more than that in suburbs; the annual average temperature is about 1 ℃ higher than that in suburbs.

administrative division

Jing'an District People's government is located at 370 Changde Road. It has jurisdiction over Jiangning Road Street, Jing'an Temple Street, Nanjing West Road Street, Caojiadu street, Shimen Second Road Street, Tianmu West Road Street, Beizhan street, Baoshan Road Street, Zhijiang West Road Street, Gonghe new road street, Daning road street, Pengpu new village street, Linfen Road Street and Pengpu town. It has 13 sub district offices, 1 town, 73 residents committees and 3154 residents groups .

population

Jing'an District has small area and high population density. According to the fourth census, there are more than 64000 people per square kilometer, ranking first in all districts of the city. The residents come from all over the country, most of them are from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. In addition to the Han nationality, there are 22 ethnic minorities, of which the number of Hui is more concentrated.

In the early days, it belonged to the northwest suburb of Shanghai county. It was a piece of farmland with a small population. After the Opium War, the colonists occupied land in Shanghai and set up concessions. In the late 19th century, most of the territory was divided into concessions. At the beginning of the 20th century, roads were built one after another, and the markets along Jing'an Temple Road (now Nanjing West Road) and Caojiadu gradually flourished. In addition to the frequent wars and disasters in rural areas in history, many people have been forced to leave their homes and rush to Shanghai, resulting in the rapid growth of urban population. According to relevant data, the population of Jing'an District was about 30000 in the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1900), and increased to more than 150000 in the 9th year of the Republic of China (1920).

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the population of Jing'an District was 168000 when it was established, and increased to 188000 when Shanghai was liberated in 1949. At the end of 1955, the population increased to 207000.

In February 1956, the Shanghai Municipal People's Committee decided to abolish the establishment of Jing'an District. In January 1960, Jing'an District was re established. Due to the expansion of the area, the population of the whole region has increased to 560000. After that, although there was no change in the area, the population gradually decreased. By the end of 1992, the population of the whole region had dropped to more than 440000. In 33 years, the population has decreased by nearly 120000.

Since the liberation of Shanghai, the cultural quality of the population in Jing'an District has been greatly improved. In 1951, 8.59% of the population over 6 years old had high school education, and 6.62% had college education. By 1990, the population with high school education level had increased to 30.05%, and the population with college education level or above had increased to 13.2%.

As a result of economic development, social stability, gradual improvement of people's living standards, and continuous extension of life expectancy of the population. The proportion of the population over 60 years old in Jing'an District was 3.63% in 1951, 7.37% in 1964, 15.59% in 1982 and 22.23% in 1992. The aging degree of the population was the highest in the whole city.

In the 1950s, population reproduction was in a state of unplanned development, with an average birth rate of 33.72 ‰ and a natural growth rate of 26.98 ‰. In 1954, the birth rate and natural growth rate reached 42.31 ‰ and 35.8 ‰ respectively. Since the implementation of family planning in 1963, birth and natural growth have been effectively controlled. In the 1960s, the average birth rate dropped to 13.36 ‰, and the natural growth rate was 7.73 ‰; in the 1970s, the average birth rate continued to drop to 7.36 ‰, and the natural growth rate was 0.77 ‰; in the early 1980s, the birth rate of the whole region reached a small peak, and in 1983, the average birth rate rose to 15.67 ‰, and the natural growth rate rose to 7.72 ‰; in 1990, the birth rate dropped to 9.52 ‰, and the natural growth rate rose 06 ‰. In 1991 and 1992, the population showed negative growth, which were - 2.12 ‰ and - 3.49 ‰ respectively. The population of the whole region has entered the planned development track.

In 2013, Jingan District had a permanent population of 249 thousand and 900, with a registered residence of 296 thousand and 100 people and 60 thousand and 300 permanent residents. The aging trend of Jingan District population is obvious. In the registered residence population, the population aged 60 and over is 90 thousand and 600, accounting for 30.6% of the total population. The average life expectancy of registered residence population is 83.96.

At the end of 2014, the total number of registered residence households in Jingan District was 99 thousand and 900. Including: 99700 households. The total registered residence population was 293 thousand and 100, down 1.02% from the same period last year. Among them, 94 thousand and 800 people aged 60 and over, an increase of 4.63% over the same period, accounting for 32.34% of the total registered residence population. 80 and

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