Ansai District, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province

Ansai District, belonging to Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, is located in the hinterland of the inland Loess Plateau and the edge of the Ordos Basin. It is located in the north of Shaanxi Province, north of Yan'an City, west of Zhidan County, north of Jingbian County of Yulin City, east of Zichang City, south of Ganquan County and Baota District. It is between 108 ° 5 ′ 44 ″ - 109 ° 26 ′ 18 ″ E and 36 ° 30 ′ 45 ″ - 37 ° 19 ′ 3 ″ n, with a total area of 2950 square kilometers, accounting for 8.04% of the total area of Yan'an City.

Ansai has been known as "the throat of Shangjun" since ancient times. It is located in the cultural fusion zone where the Central Plains national culture, represented by Yangshao culture, develops northward and the northern national culture, represented by Yinshan Rock Art Culture, develops southward. Through the cultural changes of past dynasties, it has formed a unique art system and shape system, which has become the best preserved culture and the most concentrated folk art in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China It is one of the most representative regions.

In 2018, the total population of Ansai district was 177100. In 2019, Ansai district has three streets and eight towns under its jurisdiction, with a GDP of 11.463 billion yuan, including 1.242 billion yuan of the added value of the primary industry, 7.416 billion yuan of the added value of the secondary industry and 2.806 billion yuan of the added value of the tertiary industry. The proportion of the three industries is 10.8%: 64.7%: 24.5%.

Historical evolution

There are 12 Yangshao cultural sites and more than 160 Longshan cultural sites in Ansai District, which proves that there were ancestors living and producing here thousands of years ago.

After entering the slave society, Northern Shaanxi was once a part of Yongzhou, and Ansai belonged to Yongzhou.

After the establishment of the Shang Dynasty, Ansai was the place of ghosts.

The Western Zhou Dynasty was established as the sphere of influence of the Zhou Dynasty.

In the spring and Autumn period, it belonged to the territory of Jin State and was inhabited by Bai Zhai, an ethnic minority. After the three families were divided into Jin Dynasty, they belonged to Wei Dynasty. In 328 B.C., the Hexi territory of Wei state was ruled by the state of Qin, and Ansai belonged to the upper County of Qin state.

In the Qin Dynasty, in the 26th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (221 BC), the state of Qin unified the world and divided the whole country into 36 counties. Ansai belonged to gaonu county.

In the Western Han Dynasty, gaonu county was restored.

In the new dynasty, Wang Mang changed gaonu to Liping County. Later, the Huns went south to northern Shaanxi, and Ansai was the land where the Huns herded their horses.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, in 189, Yan'an was occupied by Xiongnu, counties were abolished, and Ansai was the territory of Xiongnu.

The three kingdoms are inhabited by the Linhu people.

After the Western Jin Dynasty, the southern Xiongnu went south, and Ansai was still the territory of Xiongnu.

In 407, the first year of the rise of the Xia state, Helian, the general of the later Qin Dynasty and the leader of the Xiongnu nationality, rebelled against the Qin Dynasty and established himself as the "great Xia state".

The Northern Wei Dynasty destroyed the Xia Dynasty and unified the north in 436. Guangluo county was set up in 449 and Jinming County in 450. In addition, Yincheng county (470 years ago and later), located in the southwest of Ansai County and the northwest of Ganquan County. In addition, Yongfeng county and qinning county were subordinate counties of Jinming County in the Northern Wei Dynasty, which were abolished in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

In the Sui Dynasty, in the first year of Renshou (601), guangluo was changed into Jinming county to avoid the name of Yang Guang. In the third year of Daye (607), the state system was abolished and Shangjun and Yan'an Jun were set up. Jinming County, guangluo County, was under the jurisdiction of the former dynasty. In the 13th year of Daye (617), Jinming county was removed and merged into Fushi county.

In the Tang Dynasty, the second year of Wude (619) separated from Fushi county and restored Jinming county. In the early Tang Dynasty, Quanyi County, Chongde County, Yongan County, Jiedu county and Xinchang County were established in Ansai. After the first four counties were merged into Jinming County, its old city is in diezigou, now Yanhewan town. In the tenth year of Zhenguan (636), Bajiao county was set up and named after Bajiao Valley in the north of the city (now CHENGMAO village of Ziping township). Tianbao first year (742), renamed Yanchang county.

Jinming county was abolished in the fifth year of Xining (1072) of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the territory was merged into Fushi County, and the southwest was cut off as Fuzheng county. In Song Dynasty, they confronted with Xixia in the area of the Great Wall. In order to stabilize the frontier fortress, Ansai fort was built under the great wall of Qin Dynasty, and then Ansai fort was set up in the old city of Jin and Ming Dynasty, which was under the jurisdiction of Suide army. Chunyou Renzi year (1252), the withdrawal of Fort Li County, Ansai County began to set up, governing the city in today's diezigou. In 1268, Fuzheng County of the province entered Ansai County, under the jurisdiction of Yan'an Road.

In the Ming Dynasty, in 1369, Zhu Yuanzhang captured Yan'an, changed Yan'an Road into Yan'an Prefecture, and Ansai was one of the eleven counties under his jurisdiction. In 1473, yulinbao was set up in the ninth year of Chenghua, under the jurisdiction of East, West and middle roads, belonging to Jingbian road of West Road. After that, the fortresses and roads were abandoned, and the prefectures and prefectures were established. Ansai was under the jurisdiction of Yan'an Prefecture.

Yan'an Prefecture was still under the jurisdiction of three counties, and Ansai was one of them.

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the government and prefecture were abolished and the road was established. Ansai belongs to Yulin Road, where Daozhi is located. Soon after that, the road was abandoned and Shaanxi Province was directly under the central government.

In July 1934, the Revolutionary Committee of Ansai County, the first Soviet regime in Ansai County under the leadership of the Communist Party, was established in anjiaping (now under the jurisdiction of Ganquan County) of luohechuan in the south of the district. From May 16 to 22, 1935, Liu Zhidan led the 26th and 27th Red Army in Northern Shaanxi to peacefully liberate Gaoqiao village, annihilate the Kuomintang militia in Xinle village and lijiatan village, and eradicate the Kuomintang county government. At this point, the whole territory of Ansai was liberated by the Red Army led by the Communist Party, ending the KMT's rule in Ansai. On September 12, 1937, Ansai County and anding county were divided according to the county boundary of the Kuomintang era according to the order of the government of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region. From then on, Ansai County was merged from the north to the south.

In December 1958, Ansai County was abolished. Wangjiawan, Pingqiao, xiaoguanyi, Zhenwudong, tanjiaying, Huaziping, sickle Bay and other people's communes in the north of Ansai County are under the jurisdiction of Zichang County, and the rest are under the jurisdiction of Yan'an county. In September 1961, Ansai County was restored, which successively belonged to Yan'an District, Yan'an region and Yan'an City. On September 10, 1968, "Ansai County Revolutionary Committee" replaced "Ansai County People's Committee".

In December 1980, it was renamed "Ansai County People's government".

In 2016, Shaanxi Province reported to the State Council the adjustment of county-level administrative divisions: Ansai County of Yan'an City was divided into districts. In June 2016, the State Council approved the adjustment of some administrative divisions of Yan'an City in Shaanxi Province (Guo Han [2016] No. 104): it agreed to abolish Ansai County and establish Ansai District of Yan'an City, with the former administrative region of Ansai County as the administrative region of Ansai district.

administrative division

In 2019, Ansai District governs three streets and eight towns. Ansai District People's Government in Zhenwudong Street Zhenwu street 1.

geographical environment

Location context

Ansai district is located in the north of Shaanxi Province, due north of Yan'an City, 36 kilometers away from Yan'an City and 280 kilometers away from Xi'an City, the provincial capital. It is adjacent to Yan'an City in the southeast, Ganquan County in the south, Zhidan County in the west, Jingbian County in the north and Zichang city in the northeast. It is between 36 ° 30 ′ 45 ″ - 37 ° 19 ′ 3 ″ N and 108 ° 5 ′ 44 ″ - 109 ° 26 ′ 18 ″ e with a total area of 2950 square kilometers, accounting for 8.04% of the total area of Yan'an City.

geological structure

structure

Ansai area is a part of Ordos platform in geological structure. Ordos platform, also known as Northern Shaanxi tectonic basin, is an ancient platform area. The basement of the platform is pre Sinian system, which developed into a large inland basin in Mesozoic era, on which there are deep Mesozoic continental clasts. The Yanshan movement at the end of Cretaceous made the basin uplift completely, the strata were not affected by obvious faults and folds, the strata were horizontal or slightly inclined, and the strata were stable. At the end of Neogene and the beginning of Quaternary, the Himalayan movement was obvious in the Northern Shaanxi basin, which made it uplifted again, and the red soil of sanzhima was partly eroded.

stratum

There is no pre Mesozoic old rock outcrop in Ansai area, mainly Mesozoic sedimentary rock series. The outcropping bedrock strata include Jurassic blue gray sandstone, Cretaceous purple red thick coarse sandstone (Lower Cretaceous) and thin fine sandstone (Upper Cretaceous). Jurassic sandstones are found in Wangyao, Zhaoan and zhuanyaowan. The sandstone is intercalated with thin shale and mudstone. The rock stratum inclines to the north with an dip angle of 1 to 2 degrees, and is exposed at the valley bottom and slope of river channel and channel. The shape of Cretaceous strata is similar to that of Jurassic. Only its structure is loose, it is easy to be weathered, become loose material, easy to be eroded by running water, and become one of the main source strata of coarse sand.

1. The strata of Lower Jurassic Yan'an group (JY) are middle and upper members of Yan'an group. The middle section is mainly grayish white, grayish yellow, medium to coarse grained massive sandstone. The upper part is a thin layer of grayish yellow sandstone and shale interbedding, and contains several coal seams or coal lines. The upper member is mainly composed of grey sandstone and black shale with a small amount of coal seams, oil shale and pyrite texture.

2. Middle Jurassic Zhiluo group (J < sub > 2 < / sub > C) is a set of yellow green, gray white sandstone, blue gray, gray green mudstone and variegated shale. Occasionally, there are coal seams and Carboniferous shales in the lower part. There is a small amount of gypsum layer on the top, about 150 meters thick. It is pseudoconformal contact with the next Yan'an group and widely exposed in valleys and hills.

3. The upper Jurassic anding group (J < sub > 2 < / sub > A) can be divided into three parts. The bottom is mainly composed of black shale and oil shale with a small amount of sandstone; the middle part is mainly composed of grayish green and grayish yellow sandstone and shale; the top part is mainly composed of grayish green, grayish yellow and purplish red lamellar or laminated light cement limestone and a small amount of limestone. There are a small amount of purplish red, grayish green mudstone and silty mudstone. It can be seen that the thickness is 6 to 30 meters, which is in direct contact with the Cretaceous or quaternary system, and in conformity with the underlying Zhiluo group.

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