Zhenyuan Yi Hani Lahu Autonomous County, Pu'er City, Yunnan Province

Zhenyuan Yi Hani Lahu Autonomous County Zhenyuan Yi Hani Lahu Autonomous County is one of the counties under the jurisdiction of Pu'er City in Yunnan Province. The county is located in the southwest of Yunnan Province, between Ailao Mountain and Wuliang Mountain. Enle Town, Zhenyuan County, is 447 kilometers away from Kunming, the provincial capital. Zhenyuan County covers a total area of 4136.81 square kilometers. As of 2013, Zhenyuan County has jurisdiction over 4 towns and 5 townships.

In 2010, the total population of Zhenyuan County was 208606, and the minority population was 111969, accounting for 53.67% of the total population. In 2013, Zhenyuan County achieved a total economic output of 3.410 billion yuan, and the tertiary industrial structure was 46.7:24.5:28.8. In 2017, it won the title of "National Garden County". On April 30, 2019, the people's Government of Yunnan Province decided to withdraw Zhenyuan Yi Hani Lahu Autonomous County from the poverty-stricken county sequence.

Historical evolution

"Zhenyuan" is transliterated in Dai language. In Dai Chinese translation, "Zhen", "zhe", "Jie", "Jing" and "Qing" mean "town", "Yuan", "Ye" mean "granary", and "Zhenyuan" means "granary city".

Before 109 years ago, Zhenyuan County now belongs to mengdaguang, an ancient Dai country.

In 109 BC, the Han Dynasty conquered the state of Yunnan, Kunming, Yi and other tribes set up Yizhou County, and extended its power into the territory of mengdaguang (Ailao state) to set up counties (strongholds). Mengdaguang was busy coping with the Han Dynasty and gave up part of its territory. Now Zhenyuan County is the local Dai Autonomous territory.

In 69, mengdaguang (Ailao state) was attached to the Han Dynasty, and Yongchang County was set up in the former place; now Zhenyuan County belongs to Yongchang County.

In 225, the Shu Han Dynasty was divided into Jianning, Yuejun and Yongchang counties to set up Yunnan county; today Zhenyuan County belongs to Yunnan county.

In 271, the four counties of Jianning, Xinggu, Yunnan and Yongchang were merged into ningzhou in the Western Jin Dynasty; today Zhenyuan County is still a Yunnan county.

In 420, the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished, and then the Song Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), Qi Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), Liang Dynasty (Southern Dynasty) and other mainland dynasties gradually withdrew from the Yunnan Plateau. After Chen Dynasty (Southern Dynasty) replaced Liang Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), the mainland Dynasty completely abandoned the Yunnan Plateau. Now Zhenyuan County is the autonomous territory of Dai nationality.

In 738, "mengshe" (Weishan basin) Dai people came to the Erhai Basin and established "mengshelong" (Nanzhao state in Chinese translation); in 765, "mengshelong" set up Yinsheng Jiedu in "Menggu" (Jingdong basin) and governed "Menggu" and its south area, "owning Yinsheng City, Kainan City, Weiyuan City, Fengyi City, profit City, mangnaidao, liuzhuihe City, Pubai, tongyichuan and hehe" Now Zhenyuan County is located in liuzhuihe City, the capital of Yinsheng Festival.

In 937, Duan Siping, a former Han nationality official of mengshelong (Nanzhao state), led his troops to the Erhai Basin to build Dali state, and set up yinshengjiedu in Menggu along the old system of mengshelong. In 1096, Dali state abolished Jiedu, Dudu and other military areas, and set up eight prefectures, four prefectures and four towns. Today Zhenyuan County belongs to yinshengjiedu first, and then to Weichu Prefecture.

In 1254, the great Mongolia destroyed Dali; in 1274, the Yuan Dynasty (the former great Mongolia) set up Yunnan and other provinces in the hometown of Dali, cut off wanhu, Qianhu, Baihu and other military areas, set up road, government, state, county and other administrative regions, weichuwanhu changed to weichulu; now Zhenyuan County belongs to weichulu, Kainan and Weiyuan.

In 1331, the Yuan Dynasty established Kainan and Weiyuan prefectures under the jurisdiction of Weichu road as Jingdong Junmin Prefecture, and established Ganyuan Prefecture in the adjacent areas of Kainan and Weiyuan Prefecture. The "Menggu" Dai tumu was granted as the local magistrate of Jingdong Junmin Prefecture, leading Kainan (now Jingdong County, Nanjian County, Nanhua County, Shuangbai County), Weiyuan (now Jinggu County, Ning'er County, Simao District), Ganyuan (now Zhenyuan County) The present Zhenyuan County belongs to Ganyuan Prefecture of Jingdong military and civilian government.

In 1343, "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state in Chinese) in the Ruili River Valley defeated the yuan army and pursued to "Mengbi" (Yangbijiang River Valley), and "Menggu" was subordinated to "mengmaonong" by the tumu of Dai nationality (tuzhifu of Jingdong military and civilian government) after hearing the news. Now Zhenyuan County belongs to "Menggu" of "mengmaonong".

In 1355, "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) was attached to the Yuan Dynasty, and the pingmian xuanweisi was set up in its control area; now Zhenyuan County belongs to the "Menggu" area of pingmian xuanweisi.

In 1382, "Menggu" Dai tumu Ertao betrayed "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) and belonged to the Ming Dynasty. In 1384, "mengmaonong" was also subordinated to the Ming Dynasty under pressure, and its place was also upgraded to the prefecture of Jingdong, shunning and Weiyuan. In 1385, "mengmaonong" was used to punish the betrayal of Russia and Tao In 1388, mengmaonong army was defeated by Ming army in Dingbian battle, and was forced to make peace with Ming Dynasty. In Ming Dynasty, lvchuan pingmian xuanweisi was still set up, Menggu was still under its control, and Russia Tao also returned to Menggu under Ming Dynasty's strong protection. Now Zhenyuan County belongs to lvchuan pingmian xuanweisi.

In 1399, silenfa, the Xuanwei envoy of Luchuan pingmian, died, and the "Menggu" Dai tribe took the opportunity to leave the Xuanwei Department of Luchuan pingmian. In the Ming Dynasty, Jingdong Prefecture was established, but its jurisdiction was smaller than before. In 1402, the Xuanwei Department of Luchuan pingmian was established in Zhenyuan Prefecture (today's Yanban town of Zhenyuan County and its surrounding areas). In 1403, the Xuanwei Department of Luchuan pingmian was established in Ledian prefecture (today's le'en town of Zhenyuan County and its surrounding areas). In 1406, the Xuanwei Department of Luchuan pingmian was established In, Zhenyuan Prefecture was promoted to Zhenyuan Prefecture; now Zhenyuan County is divided into Ledian Chief Secretary and Zhenyuan Prefecture.

In 1412, in the southeast of Zhenyuan Prefecture, Lugu Chief Secretary (now Gucheng township of Zhenyuan County and Xinfu township of Mojiang County) was set up, which was controlled by the local magistrate of Zhenyuan.

In 1659, after the Qing army conquered Yunnan, it still set up Zhenyuan government and Linglu Guchang lawsuit along the Ming system.

In 1727, Dao Han, the hereditary Dai prefect of Zhenyuan Prefecture, was arrested by the Qing government, and Zhenyuan Prefecture was changed to tuguiliu. In the same year, luguchang and Ledian, the prefect of Zhenyuan Prefecture, were changed to tuguiliu, and the jurisdiction of Enle county was divided into Zhenyuan Prefecture.

In 1730, the Qing Dynasty established Dao under the provincial government, and Zhenyuan Prefecture belonged to Yidong Dao; in 1735, Zhili Weiyuan hall was reduced to scattered hall, which was assigned to Zhenyuan Prefecture; balang, Bamu, Bazhi and other places under the jurisdiction of Zhenyuan prefecture were assigned to Yuanjiang Prefecture; in 1766, Zhenyuan Prefecture was changed to Yinan Dao; in 1770, Zhenyuan Prefecture was reduced to Zhenyuan Prefecture and Zhili Yinnan Dao, and Weiyuan hall under the jurisdiction of Zhenyuan Prefecture was assigned to Pu'er Prefecture; in 1840, Enle county and Zhenyuan Township were established Yuanzhou was merged into Yuanting of Zhili town (former site of Tingzhi Enle county), belonging to Yinan road.

In 1913, the government of the Republic of China changed Zhenyuan hall into Zhenyuan County, which belongs to Yinan Road (first changed to Diannan Road, then changed to Pu'er Road); in 1929, the government of the Republic of China cut roads, and the county level administrative regions were under the jurisdiction of the administrative inspectors sent by the provincial government, and Zhenyuan County was successively under the jurisdiction of the administrative inspectors of the 12th, 15th, 10th, 1st, 4th and 6th districts.

In March 1950, Zhenyuan County set up the people's government, which is subordinate to Ning'er district; in April 1951, Ning'er district was changed into Pu'er District, Zhenyuan County belongs to Pu'er district; in March 1953, Pu'er district was changed into Simao District, Zhenyuan County belongs to Simao district.

In January 1959, Xinfu commune of Zhenyuan County (covering an area of 968 square kilometers) was assigned to Mojiang County.

In September 1960, Zhenyuan County was abolished and its jurisdiction was assigned to Jinggu County, Jingdong County, Mojiang County and Xinping County respectively; in March 1962, Zhenyuan County was restored to its original jurisdiction.

In 1970, Simao district was changed to Simao District, and Zhenyuan County belongs to Simao district.

In 1990, Zhenyuan County was abolished and Zhenyuan Yi Hani Lahu Autonomous County was established.

In 2001, Mengda township was abolished and Mengda town was established.

In 2003, Simao Prefecture was abolished and a prefecture level Simao City was established. Zhenyuan Yi Hani Lahu autonomous county belongs to Simao City, which has jurisdiction over three towns (Enle, Yiban and Mengda), eight townships (Zhentai, Liwei, Tianba, Gucheng, sanzhangtian, Jiujia, Zhedong and Heping), 109 Village Committees and two neighborhood committees.

In 2006, sanzhangtian Township and Zhedong Township were merged into Zhedong Town, and the town government was stationed in the former Dongxiang government; Liwei Township and its jurisdiction were abolished and merged into Mengda Town, and the town government's residence remained unchanged.

In 2007, Simao City was renamed Pu'er City. Zhenyuan Yi, Hani and Lahu Autonomous County is a prefecture level Pu'er City.

administrative division

Zhenyuan County governs 6 towns (Enle Town, Yiban Town, Mengda Town, Zhedong Town, Zhentai town and Jiujia town), and 3 townships (Tianba Township, Gucheng Township and Heping township).

geographical environment

Location context

Zhenyuan Yi Hani Lahu Autonomous County is located in the southwest of Yunnan Province, in the north of Pu'er City, across the east longitude 100 ° 21 'to 101 ° 31' and north latitude 23 ° 24 'to 24 ° 22'. It is adjacent to Xinping in the East, Mojiang and Pu'er in the southeast, Lincang across Lancang River in the west, Jinggu in the south, Jingdong and Shuangbai in the north. Zhenyuan covers a total area of 4136.81 square kilometers.

terrain

Zhenyuan is located in the southwest of Yunnan Plateau and the west of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. The terrain can be summarized as follows: "four rivers (Zhegan River, Enle River, Mengtong River and Jinggu River) flow under two mountains (Ailao Mountain and Wuliang Mountain). They are high in the north and low in the south. There are only two small dams (Enle River and Mengtong River) in the valley, which looks like a horse running eastward.".

Zhenyuan County is located in the southeast tip of the longitudinal valley area of Hengduan Mountains. Ailao Mountain and Wuliang Mountain of Yunling mountain run through the whole area, alternating with rivers, forming the geomorphic outline of "five valleys and five mountains" which is high in the north and low in the South and goes south in the North. The average altitude of Zhenyuan is 1376 meters. climate

Zhenyuan County belongs to the subtropical monsoon region, with complex landforms and prominent vertical differences in climate, forming three types of tropical, subtropical and warm temperate zones

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