Shangzhou District, Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province

Shangzhou District, belonging to Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province, is located in the southeast of Shaanxi Province, at the southern foot of the eastern section of Qinling Mountains and the upper reaches of Danjiang River. It is adjacent to Danfeng County in the East, Shanyang County in the south, Lantian and Zhashui counties in the West and Luonan County in the north, with a total area of 2672 square kilometers, It has jurisdiction over 4 streets and 14 towns. It is 117 kilometers away from Xi'an. It is the seat of Shangluo municipal Party committee and people's government.

Shangzhou District has been inhabited by human beings 7000 years ago. It was ruofang state in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Shangluo (Jin, Wei), Qin, Han, Sui, Tang and Song dynasties in the spring and Autumn period. Shangzhou spans the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, with a forest coverage rate of 68.6%. Shangzhou has rich cultural heritage and many historical relics. There are many natural and cultural landscapes in Shangzhou, such as Jiangshan scenic spot, Xian'e lake, Qinwang mountain, dinosaur ruins, Bauhinia ruins, Dayun temple, etc.

In 2019, the GDP of Shangzhou District will reach 15.6748 billion yuan, an increase of 4.2% over the same period of last year. The added value of the three industries was RMB 1590.4 billion in the first industry, RMB 4751.1 billion in the second industry and RMB 9333.3 billion in the third industry. The year-on-year growth rate was 4.5%, 4.6% and 4.0%.

Historical evolution

Shangzhou was named County in Han Dynasty and state in Northern Zhou Dynasty. In the past dynasties, there were States and counties, or they were set up at the same time.

In ancient times, it was granted by Yu situ Qi. Xia belonged to the intersection of Liang and Yu, while Zhou belonged to Yong and Yu. The spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period first belonged to Qin and Jin (Wei), and then to Qin.

Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC)

It is located in the south of NEISHI. Xianyang was set up as the governing area, which is equivalent to the Guanzhong Plain and Shangluo area, with 42 counties. In 221 B.C., Shang county was established in the 26th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, including the present Shangzhou District, Danfeng County, Shangnan county and Shanyang County, which was named after Shangshan. As early as 351 B.C., the state of Qin built a city here, which is located in Lingzi, an ancient city 2.5 kilometers west of today's Danfeng County. It is the earliest city of Shangluo, 1500 meters long from north to South and 1000 meters wide from east to west. The unearthed tile with the word "Shang" is confirmed to be the capital granted by Qin to Shangyang in 340 BC. Shang Yang's reform made the state of Qin prosperous. In order to praise Shang Yang's reform, Qin Xiaogong granted 15 cities. However, after he succeeded to the throne, Prince Si of Qin believed in slander, slandered Yang's teachings, and split Shang Yang into Zheng (now Huaxian county).

Western Han Dynasty (206-24 BC)

It is located in Hongnong County, under the jurisdiction of Sili Xiaowei department. The county area is equivalent to the south of the Yellow River, the west of Yihe River, Xichuan and Danjiang River Basins in Henan Province. Its governance is located in Hongnong (now the north of Lingbao maolue town in Henan Province), which leads to 11 counties. Shangluo county and Shangxian County in Shaanxi Province are roughly equivalent to Shangluo area today. Shangluo, the place name, is located in the upper reaches of the Luohe River, so it was named in the Warring States period. In the Han Dynasty, Shangluo was changed to Shangluo, which was the beginning of the word "Luo". Including Shangzhou District and Luonan County. Today, Danfeng, Shanyang and Shangnan were called Shang counties. The northern part of Xunyang county (now Zhenan, Southeast of Zhashui County) is under the jurisdiction of Hanzhong County; the southern part of duling county (now northwest of Zhashui County) is under the jurisdiction of jingzhaoyin.

Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220)

It belongs to jingzhaoyin, and is still under the command of Sili Xiaowei department. Its jurisdiction is equivalent to the east of Xi'an, Weinan and Shangluo areas in today's Guanzhong Plain. Yin Zhi was located in Chang'an and still led 10 cities, of which Shangluo and Shang counties were roughly the same area as Shangluo.

Three Kingdoms (220-265)

Cao Wei is located in the capital Zhaojun, Zhengshi five years (244 years) set up, governance in Chang'an, leading 11 counties. It is still called Shangluo County, and Cao of Wei Wendi changed the word "Luo" to "Luo". It has jurisdiction over Shangzhou District and Luonan district.

Western Jin Dynasty (265-316)

It is located in Sizhou, and its jurisdiction is equivalent to that of Henan Province, central China, Western China, southwest Shanxi Province and Shangluo area of Shaanxi Province. The state government is located in Luoyang and leads 12 counties. In the second year of Taishi, Emperor Wu of Jin divided the southern part of Jingzhao into Shangluo County, where he ruled, and led Shangluo County, Shang county and Lushi County (Lushi now belongs to Henan Province).

The southern and Northern Dynasties (317-589)

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, China was divided and its administrative system was in chaos. Prefectures and counties are set up in the morning and abandoned in the evening, which are all complex. In the Southern Dynasty, which started from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the overseas Chinese in the northern part of the area set up Shangge prefectures and counties, which used the name of Shangluo to accommodate the people of Shangluo, including the Ba people of Shangluo. It's not detailed here. The Northern Wei Dynasty belonged to Luozhou. In 439, Jingzhou was set up in Shangluo city. In 441, JuYang county was set up in the north of Shangluo county. In 479, Jingzhou was moved to Lushi. In the 11th year of Taihe (487), he moved to Xiangyang, removed Shangluo County, established Luozhou in Shangluo City, and led five counties, among which three counties belong to Shangluo: Shangluo County, led Shangluo county and JuYang County; Shangyong County, led Shang county (jindanfeng county) and Fengyang County; Changhe County, led Nan Shang County, namely Shangnan county.

In the Western Wei Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Luozhou and Yongzhou. Luozhou is governed by Shangluo, leading Shangluo county (now Shangzhou District), JuYang county (now Luonan County), Shangyong county (now the northwest of Shanyang County, Zhen'an County and the southeast of Zhashui County), Shang county (now Danfeng), Shanyang Manchuan county and Shangnan county. The northwest of Zhashui is under the jurisdiction of Yongzhou.

In the first year of xuanzheng (578) of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Luozhou was changed into Shangzhou; Shangge (today's Shangzhou city) was set up to lead Shangluo county (including today's Shangzhou, Shanyang and Danfeng; four counties of Shangnan and some areas of zhenzha); JuYang county (today's Luonan).

Sui Dynasty (589-618)

In 583, Shangluo and Shangyong counties were removed and Shangzhou was retained; in 607, Shangluo county was restored and Shangluo county was still set up, leading Shangluo county (now Shangzhou District), Shangluo county (Shangluo was formerly Shangluo, which was renamed Shangluo by Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty), Luonan County, Fengyang County (now Shanyang, Zhen'an and Zha) There are 5 counties in the southeast of Daxing County (now the northwest of Zhashui County), 5 counties in Shangjin county (now Hubei Province), and 5 counties in the southeast of Daxing County (now the northwest of Zhashui County).

Tang Dynasty (618-907)

Shangluo county was established as Shangzhou in 618, Shannandao in 627, and Shannandao in 25. Shangluo county was replaced by Shangluo County in the first year of Tianbao (742), and Shangluo county was replaced by Shangluo County in the first year of Qianyuan (758). Shangluo county was established as its governing body, leading Shangluo (now Shangzhou District), Shangluo county (now Danfeng and Shangnan counties), Luonan County (now Luonan), Fengyang County (now Shanyang), Qianyuan county (now Zhenan and the southeast of Zhashui County), and Shangjin county (now in Hubei Province). Today, the northwest of Zhashui County belongs to jingzhaofu.

Five Dynasties and ten states (907-979)

The administrative system of the Five Dynasties and ten states followed the Tang system, but due to the split and separate regimes, the territory of each country was not vast, so the first level of Dao was abolished, which was the second level system of prefecture (government) unified county. At that time, the eastern part of Southern Shaanxi experienced five periods: Houliang (907-923), later Tang (923-936), later Jin (936-946), later Han (947-950) and later Zhou (951-960). In Houliang Dynasty, Shangzhou led Shangluo, Shangluo, Fengyang, Qianyuan and Shangjin counties; Luonan County was changed to Huazhou; and the southeast of Wannian county was jingzhaofu. In the later Han Dynasty, Shangzhou led Shangluo, Shangluo, Fengyang and Shangjin counties; Nanxian still belonged to Huazhou; Qianyou county (Qianyuan county was changed to Qianyou County in 949) and the southeast of Wannian County belonged to Jingzhao Prefecture. In the Later Zhou Dynasty, Shangzhou led Shangluo, Shangluo, Luonan, Fengyang and Shangjin counties; Qianyou and Wannian counties belonged to Jingzhao Prefecture.

Northern Song, Jin and Southern Song (960-1279)

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Shangzhou belonged to Shaanxi Road at the beginning and Yongxing military road at the later. Shangluo was set up as the governing seat, and Shangluo, Shangluo, Luonan, Fengyang and Shangjin were five counties. In the Jin and Southern Song Dynasties, Shangzhou belonged to jingzhaofu road. In the second year of Jin Zhenyuan (1154), Shangluo and Fengyang counties were reduced to towns and merged into Shangluo and Luonan counties; the southeast of Xianning county belongs to Jingzhao Prefecture; the northwest of Xunyang county (now Zhenan county) belongs to Jinzhou. In 1223, it was changed to Henan road. Shangluo county (Shangzhou District, Danfeng County, Shangnan County, Shanyang County and the south of Zhashui County) was abolished in the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1264). Shangluo county was replaced by a state and named Shangzhou. Its jurisdiction includes Shangzhou, Danfeng, Shangnan, Shanyang and the south of Zhashui County, and controls Luonan County.

Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368)

Shangzhou first belonged to Anxi Road, then to Fengyuan road. In the Yuan Dynasty, the administrative system was established at the four levels of province, road, government and county. Shangzhou led Luonan County. Shangluo was originally located in Kuo, but there was no other county. Shangzhou was directly under the jurisdiction of the prefecture. The territory of Shangzhou was roughly the same as today.

Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

Xi'an Prefecture, known as Shangzhou, governs Shangzhou District and Danfeng County. In the seventh year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1374), Shangzhou was demoted to the county system. In March 1477, Chenghua was upgraded to a prefecture, leading Luonan, Shangnan, Shanyang and Zhen'an counties. In the first year of Tianqi (1621), in order to avoid the name taboo of Zhu Changluo, Emperor Xingzong of Ming Dynasty, "Luo" was changed to "Luo".

There are records in Shangluo that Chuang Wang established political power. In October 1643, King Chuang's army conquered Shangzhou. In the second year, the Dashun Dynasty was established in Xi'an. In the first year of Yongchang, he appointed Lu Daru as the herdsman of Shangzhou and sent county magistrate to Shanyang. In the first month of the second year of Yongchang, the regime of Chuang Wang came to an end.

Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)

In the third year of Yongzheng (1725), it was promoted to Shangzhou of Zhili, directly under Shaanxi Province, leading Shangnan; Luonan, Shanyang and Zhen'an counties. In 1782, Xiaoyi hall was set up in Xianning, Lantian and Zhen'an counties,

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