Liannan Yao Autonomous County, Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province

Liannan Yao Autonomous County Liannan Yao Autonomous County, located in the northwest of Guangdong Province, covers an area of 1306 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over seven towns. At the end of 2019, 176445 registered residence population. Yao people are distributed in the mountainous area, which accounts for 88% of the county area; Han people are distributed in Sanjiang Town, Zhaigang town and other places, which are all plain and hilly areas, accounting for 12% of the county area. According to the 2005 population statistics, there are 156523 people in the county, including 80972 Yao people, accounting for 50.73% of the total population; 1523 Zhuang people; more than 70000 Han people, most of whom are Hakkas. There are also a small number of Hui, man, Li, Yi, Tujia, Buyi, Korean and other nationalities.

In 2019, the county's GDP will reach 5.346 billion yuan, an increase of 3.0%, and the tertiary industrial structure will be 19.7:22.6:57.7. The per capita GDP was 39496 yuan, an increase of 2.6%.

In December 2019, Liannan Yao Autonomous County won the seventh batch of national demonstration areas (units) for national unity and progress. On October 9, 2020, it was awarded the title of the fourth batch of national ecological civilization construction demonstration cities and counties by the Ministry of ecological environment.

Historical evolution

Liannan belongs to Chu state in the spring and autumn and Warring States period, Changsha County in the Qin Dynasty, Guiyang County in the Han Dynasty, Shixing County in the Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasties, Yangshan County in the southern and Northern Dynasties, and Xiping County in the Sui Dynasty.

In the Tang and Song Dynasties, it belonged to Lianzhou, in the Yuan Dynasty it belonged to Lianzhou Road (Lianzhou was changed to Lianzhou road in the Yuan Dynasty), and in the Ming Dynasty it belonged to Lianzhou.

According to the records of Lianzhou annals and Yangshan annals, although there were Yao people living in Lianyang area for a long time, the establishment of "Liyao" organization began in the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty.

In the 42nd year of Kangxi (1703), Sanjiang city was built. In the city, Liyao Tongzhi was set up, which was subordinate to Guangzhou government and specialized in Yao affairs. The administrative region was divided into Lianzhou, Lianshan and Yangshan.

In 1729, Liyao Tongzhi was changed to Liyao military and civilian Zhili Tongzhi, still belonging to Guangzhou government.

In the 22nd year of Jiaqing (1817), the military and civilian Zhili Tongzhi of Liyao was changed to the military and civilian Zhili Tongzhi of Lianshan suiyao, and the government moved to Lianshan county (the old city of Taibao in today's Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County). At this time, Lianshan county was changed into Lianshan suiyao Zhili hall.

In the 12th year of Daoguang (1832), the Qing Dynasty took advantage of the social organizations of the Yao nationality, which had been preserved for a long time, to carry out the policy of "using foreigners to control foreigners". Among thousands of people, there was one Yao elder and one thousand chief (Yao chief), who was awarded to dingdai. There are three or four Yao practitioners under the Yao leader, who pay one or two or five times as much each month. A total of 18 Yao leaders and 64 Yao practitioners were appointed by Fuyao in Yao laozhong, who was under the jurisdiction of suiyao general manager, in charge of eight platoons and 24 Chong, assisting the imperial court in charge of administrative "public security" affairs, so as to restrain Yao people.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Lianshan suiyao Zhili office was changed to Lianshan County, and the county government set up "Yao Affairs Office" to govern the Yao area.

In 1927, "Lianyang Huayao bureau" (equivalent to county level) was set up, which was subordinate to the national government of Guangdong Province. In the following year, it was divided into three districts, namely, one, two and three districts. Offices were set up in Sanjiang (Lianxian county), Taibao (Lianshan County) and Zhaigang (Yangshan County), respectively, to manage Yao affairs. However, civil and criminal cases were still handled by Lianxian County, Lianshan county and Yangshan County.

In May of 1935, Lianyang Huayao Bureau was changed to Lianyang Anhua Administration Bureau. The Bureau was located in Shanxi (now Shanxi village, sanpai town). Because the house was not built, it was still in Lianzhou and controlled Yao district. In 1939, it moved to Sanjiang city.

In March of 1946, Liannan county was established from Lianyang Anhua Administration Bureau. The county government was stationed in Sanjiang city and governed Yao district. At that time, in order to strengthen the rule of ethnic minorities, the Kuomintang government implemented the system of Xiang, Bao and Jia in Yao District, but the Yao chief and Yao Lian were still retained, and most of them were Yao chief and Yao Lian.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the people's Government of Liannan county was established on May 16, 1950. The county government is located in Sanjiang, under the jurisdiction of Yao district and Beijiang special office.

On January 25, 1953, Liannan and Lianshan counties merged to form Liannan Yao Autonomous Region (county level), which included Sanjiang in Lianxian county and Zhaigang in Yangshan County into the territory of the autonomous region and was subordinate to the northern Guangdong administrative office.

In March 1954, the original jurisdiction of Lianshan county was set aside and the establishment of Lianshan county was restored.

In June 1955, Liannan Yao Autonomous Region was renamed Liannan Yao Autonomous County.

In December 1958, it was merged with Lianxian, Lianshan and Yangshan to form Lianyang Autonomous County, with the county government located in Lianzhou town.

In October 1960, after Yangshan County was designated, Lianyang Autonomous County was renamed Lianzhou Autonomous County.

In October 1961, Lianzhou Autonomous County was abolished and Liannan Yao Autonomous County was restored, which was under the jurisdiction of Shaoguan.

After the merger of prefectures and cities in 1983, Shaoguan was under the jurisdiction of Shaoguan. In January 1988, Qingyuan City was built and put under the jurisdiction of Qingyuan City.

administrative division

(data from)

geographical environment

Location context

Liannan Yao Autonomous County is located in the northwest of Guangdong Province, covering an area of 1306 square kilometers. It borders Lianzhou City in the northeast, Yangshan County in the southeast, HUAIJI County in the south, Lianshan County in the west, and Jianghua Yao Autonomous County in Yongzhou City in Hunan Province in the northwest.

topographic features

Liannan county is about 71 km from north to South and 45 km from east to west. The terrain is high in the north, West and south, and low in the East. Most of the mountains run from north to southwest. There are hundreds of peaks in the middle and upper parts of the mountain, 161 of which are above 1000 meters above sea level. The highest mountain in the county is Dawu Mountain in Jinkeng Town, which is 1659 meters above sea level and stands on the mountains of Cui Wei. There are also peaks with an altitude of more than 1300 meters: Qiwei mountain 1591 meters, Dalong mountain 1574 meters, Kongmen mountain 1564 meters, yanjieling mountain 1472 meters, chakengding 1384 meters, dasudiding 1381 meters, Tiantang mountain 1364 meters, and the top of Dadi 1314 meters. These peaks belong to the southern side of Nanling Mountains, with a radius of more than 100 Li, rolling, meandering, majestic and magnificent. Nangang, sanpai, Baimang and other places in the southeast are limestone areas with an altitude of 250 meters to 500 meters. They belong to karst terrain with many stone mountains.

Geological soil

The geological basement of Liannan belongs to the Cathaysian ancient land, which is Devonian and Permian strata. The ground parent material bedrock mainly includes limestone, granite, sand shale, slate and so on. The natural soils are yellow soil, red soil, red lime soil, Black Lime Soil and acid purple soil. Yellow soil is mainly distributed in mountainous areas above 700 meters, and its parent materials are mainly sand shale, slate and granite; red soil is the largest, which is distributed in mountainous areas below 700 meters in the county, and its parent materials are mainly granite and sand shale; red lime soil, which is formed by weathering of limestone, is reddish brown, relatively thin and barren, and is mainly distributed among the stone forests in Nangang and sanpai; paddy soil, which is mainly distributed in the mountainous areas In the county's rice producing areas, there are mud meat field, sand mud field, yellow mud field, oil mud field, etc. In the mountains, Yao people built terraces where there is water, forming a unique and beautiful mountain pastoral scenery in Liannan.

climate

Liannan belongs to the subtropical monsoon humid climate zone, the annual average temperature is 19.5 ℃, the climate is mild and pleasant, the total precipitation is 1660.5 mm, the rainfall is abundant and hot in the same season. The southerly wind prevails in summer, and the northeast wind prevails in winter. Because it is located at the southern foot of Nanling Mountains, the three-dimensional climate in the mountains is obvious, and the temperature difference between the mountains and the flat land is 4 ~ 5 ℃. The climate of Liannan county has four distinct seasons, long summer and short winter, rapid transition between spring and autumn, cold and humid spring, hot and rainy summer, cool and windy autumn, cold and dry winter.

The average annual rainfall in Liannan is 1705.1 mm. Most of the rainfall is from March to August, especially in April, may and June. The maximum daily rainfall is 185mm. The annual average absolute humidity is 19.2mm, the relative humidity is 79%, and the annual average evaporation is 1299.5mm. The average sunshine duration over the years is 1549.6 hours. Liannan climate has two characteristics: first, the main climate is obvious, the temperature difference between mountains and plains is 2 ~ 8 ℃; second, the climate change in four seasons is that summer is long and winter is short, spring and autumn is too fast, that is, spring is about 69 days, summer is about 178 days, autumn is about 66 days, winter is about 52 days. It is cold and rainy in spring, hot and rainy in summer, cool and rainy in autumn, cold and dry in winter.

population

Before the founding of the people's Republic of China, Yao, Han and Zhuang nationalities lived in the county. According to historical records and archaeological discoveries, about 1500 years ago, the Central Plains culture had spread to Liannan, with a considerable number of Han people. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were a certain number of Yao people living in Liannan area. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a unique social and political organization Yao Lao system. In the Ming Dynasty, "eight rows and twenty-four Chong" (PAI is a big village, Chong is a small village) was formed. Yao people here can be divided into Guoshan Yao and bapai Yao (Paiyao). Pai Yao is called Pai Yao because Yao people are used to living together and build houses on the mountain. Their houses are piled up to form a mountain village. They are called "Yao Pai" by Han people, so they are called "Pai Yao"; Guoshan Yao is named because their ancestors mainly cultivated the mountain, "ate up a mountain and crossed a mountain", and their migration is impermanent.

According to folklore and historical records, Paiyao mainly came from the middle and lower reaches of Xiangjiang River and Yuanjiang River and Dongting Lake in Hunan Province. Around the Sui and Tang Dynasties, their ancestors moved to jiezhai in liannanshan district through Chenzhou and Daozhou. Guoshan Yao migrated from Hunan and Guangxi to Liannan in the Qing Dynasty, and settled down after the founding of new China. After the orthodox years of the Ming Dynasty, the Zhuang people moved to Liannan from Lianshan and other places.

The Yao nationality is distributed in the mountainous area, which accounts for 88% of the total area of the county; the Han nationality is distributed in Sanjiang Town, Zhaigang town and other places

Chinese PinYin : Guang Dong Sheng Qing Yuan Shi Lian Nan Yao Zu Zi Zhi Xian