Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, with its capital in Mengzi City, is one of the 16 prefecture level administrative regions in Yunnan Province. It is located in the southeast of Yunnan Province, with Kunming and Qujing in the north, Wenshan in the East, Yuxi and Pu'er in the west, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the south, and the Tropic of cancer across the East and West. With a total area of 3293 square kilometers, Honghe Prefecture governs four county-level cities, six counties and three autonomous counties. By the end of 2016, the permanent resident population of Honghe Prefecture was 4.681 million. It is a multi-ethnic Frontier Minority Autonomous Prefecture with 10 permanent ethnic groups and 2.41 million ethnic population.

Honghe Prefecture has Mengzi, the political, economic, military and cultural center of Southern Yunnan, Gejiu, the tin capital of the world, Jianshui, a national historical and cultural city, bangshiping, two national ports of Hekou and Jinshuihe, tin culture, ceramic culture and terrace culture. Honghe is the epitome of Yunnan's economic society and human nature, the birthplace of Yunnan's modern industry, and the land passage and bridgehead for China to ASEAN.

Honghe Prefecture has been listed as the second batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas. In December 2019, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission named Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture as the "national demonstration Prefecture of national unity and progress".

Historical evolution

Before Yuan Dynasty

As early as the Western Han Dynasty, the Central Dynasty set up four counties in the "Southwest Yi" area. Among them, Yao county was set up in the sixth year of Yuanding (111 BC) of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. It has jurisdiction over 17 counties. There are Tongbing county (from the north of mile city to Shilin Yi Autonomous County), Liujiang county (from Luxi County), xisui county (from Jinping County) and Jinshang county (from Pingbian County to Xinyang County) Located in the second year of Yuanfeng (109 BC), Yizhou county has jurisdiction over 24 counties, including lugao county (now from the southwest of Mile County to Qujiang town of Jianshui County), bengu county (now from Mengzi to Gejiu), Wuqi county (now from Kaiyuan to Jianshui), Shengxiu county (now from Shiping County to Eshan county), Laiwei county (now from Honghe, Yuanyang, Luchun, west of Jinping County to Baotou county) Including the northwest of Laizhou Province, Vietnam).

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the jurisdiction scope of the county was the same as that of the Western Han Dynasty, except that Jinsang county was changed into Jincheng County, and the six counties in the west of the former Yizhou county were assigned to the new Yongchang County.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang adjusted the setting of counties on the basis of the Han Dynasty: Yizhou county was changed to Jianning County, Shengxiu county and bengu County belonged to Yizhou county were assigned to Xinggu County, Jincheng county and xisui county were also assigned to Xinggu County; Wuyao county was changed to Xifeng County, which was also assigned to Xinggu County; Wudan county (from Panxi of Huaning to the west of Maitreya), Tongbing county and Liujiang County belonged to Feijun county County belongs to Jianning county.

In the sixth year of Taishi (270) of the Western Jin Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty divided the four counties of Jianning, Xinggu, Yunnan and Yongchang under the jurisdiction of Yizhou into ningzhou.

In 589 A.D., the Sui Dynasty destroyed the Chen Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty and unified China, which was divided between the north and the south.

In 622, Jiaozhi county was changed into Jiaozhou.

In the seventh year of Tang Wude (624), the general manager's office of Nanning was changed to the governor's office, and the first year of Zhenguan (627) was abolished.

In 679, the first year of Tiaolu in Tang Dynasty, an Nandu Prefecture was set up in Jiaozhou, which is now in Hanoi, Vietnam. Nowadays, Pingbian, Mengzi and Hekou counties in the southeast of Honghe Prefecture belong to Nandu Prefecture. In the early period of Nanzhao Dynasty, the southern control area of Tuodong festival only reached to the north of today's Honghe River; to the south of today's Honghe, Yuanyang, Luchun and jinpingping counties; to the southeast of today's Mengzi, Pingbian, Hekou, Maguan, Wenshan and other places were still under the jurisdiction of the Nandu Prefecture of Tang Dynasty.

In 765 ad, Nanzhao built Tuodong City, and soon set up Tuodong Jiedu. In the military defense area of Tuodong Jiedu, it imitated the Tang Dynasty and set up Fu, Zhou, Jun and Xian. There is Jianshui County in the territory. In some areas inhabited by ethnic groups, there are Milu tribe (now Luxi) and Maitreya tribe (now Maitreya).

After the eighth year of Tang Dynasty (854), Nanzhao Tuodong Jiedu took charge of qiwandong (today's Hekou and Maguan areas), and at the same time obtained the residence of "tangmorman" (today's Dai people in Honghe, Yuanyang, Jinping, Luchun and other places). Soon Nanzhao delimited the south of Tuodong Jiedu and set up Tonghai Dufu, which belonged to most of the territory.

In the later period of Dali regime, the Tonghai dudufu was changed into Xiushan County, which had jurisdiction over ABO tribe (now Jianshui County), Nalou tribe, shipingyi, muzecheng (now Mengzi), etc., which was equivalent to the county level administrative region. It also has jurisdiction over tierongdian (now under the southeast of Honghe County), Situo (now in the west of Honghe County), pangxi (now in the southwest of Honghe County), Qixi (now in the southeast of Honghe County) and Dadian (now in Jinping County). Later, it was separated from Xiushan County and set up another zuining Prefecture. It has jurisdiction over Quzhong (now Southeast of Kaiyuan), amabu (now Pingbian), Shezi (now the old village in the east of Mengzi County), Hami (now Kaiyuan city) and so on.

In the later period of Dali regime, Tuodong Jiedu was abolished and Shicheng County was built. Milu and Maitreya were subordinate to Shicheng County.

From Yuan Dynasty to Republic of China

In 1276, after the establishment of Yunnan Province, the original military organizations such as ten thousand households, one thousand households and one hundred households were abolished, and roads, prefectures and counties were set up. The territory belongs to Lin'an Road, Heni road and Guangxi road. In the Ming Dynasty, Lin'an Prefecture was established by merging Lin'an and Heni roads in the Yuan Dynasty. The Prefecture was located in Jianshui Prefecture, with jurisdiction over 6 prefectures, 5 counties, and 9 administrative departments, mostly in today's Honghe Prefecture. Guangxi road was changed to Guangxi Prefecture, with jurisdiction over Maitreya and other three prefectures.

The Qing Dynasty followed the setup of the Ming Dynasty in Yunnan, but there were also some changes. Qianlong 35 years (1770), guangxifu for Guangxi Zhili prefecture (in Luxi County), the original state was reduced to county. Zhili Prefecture of Guangxi is directly under the central government of Luxi County, which has jurisdiction over three counties including Maitreya. In the same year, Jianshui Prefecture was also reduced to Jianshui County. Lin'an Prefecture of Qing Dynasty has jurisdiction over 3 states, 5 counties and 28 local officials. There are Jianshui County, Shiping Prefecture, amizhou (now Kaiyuan city), Mengzi County, Nalou Chadian Chief Secretary (leading the south of Jianshui County, Yuanyang County and some parts of Luchun County), luoyindian Chief Secretary (located in Chaoyang village, Baohua District, Honghe County), zuoneng village chief secretary (located in GATA village, Baohua District, Honghe County) and situodian chief secretary (in today's Leyu District, Honghe County), kuirongdianchang (in Dazhai, Menglong District, Honghe County), nageng mountain tuxun (in Tongchun mountain, Southeast of Yuanyang County), xichudianchang's deputy chief (in today's South Shitouzhai, Honghe County), wazhadian's chief (in Jiayin District, central Honghe County), Abang Tushe (in today's South Abang village, Gejiu City), and leiche Tushe (in today's Honghe County) They are located in the North Bank of Honghe River in the south of today's Jianshui County and Gejiu City, in Yuanyang and Jinping counties, and on the North Bank of heijiang River in the north of Laizhou Province, Vietnam.

Guangxu 14 years (1888) set up Lin'an Kai Guang Bing Bei Dao, stationed in Mengzi, led Lin'an, Kaihua, Guangnan three Fu.

In 1914, linkaiguang road was changed to Mengzi Road, and in 1929, Mengzi road was abolished. Mengzi Dao governs 16 counties including Jianshui County, Gejiu County, Amin County, Mengzi County, Shiping County, Guangxi county, Mile County and Hekou flood control supervision area. In July 1942, the third office of Yunnan provincial administrative inspector was established in Jianshui. In December 1947, the third administrative region was changed into the fifth administrative region, still stationed in Jianshui, and moved to Gejiu in 1949. The former second administrative region was reorganized into the third administrative region (in Maitreya), and moved to Lunan in March 1949. After the third administrative region was changed into the fifth administrative region, it has jurisdiction over 10 counties, including Jianshui, Shiping, Quxi, Kaiyuan, Gejiu, Mengzi, Pingbian and Jinping, as well as Longwu Administrative Bureau and Hekou flood control bureau. After the second administrative region was changed into the third administrative region, it governed Maitreya, Luxi, Lunan (now Shilin) and other counties.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China

In December 1949, the people's Administrative Office of Southern Yunnan was established in Jianshui.

In February 1950, it was renamed Mengzi District Office of administrative supervision, in March it was relocated to Mengzi, and in December it was renamed Mengzi District Office of Yunnan Provincial People's Government (hereinafter referred to as Mengzi Office). It has jurisdiction over Mengzi, Pingbian, Kaiyuan, Gejiu, Jinping, Jianshui, Shiping, Quxi, Yuanjiang (designated as Yuxi District in July 1954), Honghe, Xinmin (changed to Yuanyang in 1951), Hekou city and Longwu county Bureau.

In 1954, the Honghe Hani Autonomous Region was established, and the people's Government of the region was stationed in Xinjie, Yuanyang County. Yuanyang (zhuxinjie), Honghe (zhuyisa) and Jinping, which originally belonged to Mengzi Prefecture, were included in Honghe Hani Autonomous Region.

In 1956, Liucun Office (county-level administrative unit) was established as the agency of Honghe Hani Autonomous Region. Honghe Hani Autonomous Region governs three counties and one office.

Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture was established on November 18, 1957, and its people's Committee is located in Mengzi County. Three counties and six village offices of Yuanyang, Honghe and Jinping, which were originally led by Honghe Hani Autonomous Region, and eight counties of Mengzi, Pingbian, Hekou, Shiping, Longwu (in longpeng town), Quxi, Jianshui and Kaiyuan, which belong to Mengzi special region, and Mile County, which belong to Mengzi special region, are included in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture. Maitreya Yi Autonomous County was changed into Maitreya county. It has jurisdiction over 12 counties and 1 office.

In 1958, Gejiu City, which was originally directly under the provincial government, was assigned to Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture. The people's Committee of the Autonomous Prefecture was moved from Mengzi County to Gejiu City. Kaiyuan county was abolished and merged into Gejiu City and Wenshan County; Mengzi County was abolished and merged into Gejiu City. The six village office was abolished, and the former six village office area and parts of Jinping and Yuanyang counties were merged to establish Luchun County (in Daxing Village). Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture governs 1 city and 11 counties.

In 1960, Quxi county was abolished and merged into Jianshui County; Longwu county was abolished and merged into Shiping County. Kaiyuan and Mengzi counties will be restored and led by Gejiu City.

nineteen

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Hong He Ha Ni Zu Yi Zu Zi Zhi Zhou