Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province

Yuncheng Yuncheng, or "Yun" for short, is a prefecture level city in Shanxi Province. It is located in the southwest of Shanxi Province, bordering Linfen City on the north by Luliang Mountain, adjacent to Jincheng city on the east by Zhongtiao Mountain, and facing Weinan City in Shaanxi Province and Sanmenxia City in Henan Province across the Yellow River on the West and south. It is between 110 ° 15 '- 112 ° 04' e and 34 ° 35 '- 35 ° 49' n, 201.87 km long from east to west and 127.47 km wide from north to south, with a total area of 13968 square kilometers, accounting for 9% of the total area of Shanxi Province.

Yuncheng City, known as "Hedong" in ancient times, got its name from "the city of salt transportation". It is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization. Huangdi, Yandi, Chiyou, Yao, Shun and Yu, the forefathers of the Chinese nation, all lived in Hedong one after another. The first slave society in China, Xia, was born here. The "Chinese century dawn ape" fossil in Yuanqu County of Yuncheng City has pushed forward the origin of human beings for more than 10 million years. The Xihoudu cultural site in Ruicheng County is the earliest demonstration of human use of fire. Yidun, a businessman of the spring and Autumn period, Guan Yu, a famous general of the Three Kingdoms, Wang Bo, a poet of the early Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan, a scholar of the middle Tang Dynasty, Sima Guang, a great historian and Guan Hanqing, a famous dramatist, were born. Wen Xi's Pei family once had 59 prime ministers and 59 generals. It is known in history that "generals joined forces and Princes". It has formed the regional culture with distinctive characteristics, such as Guangong culture, GENZU culture, salt culture, morality and filial piety culture.

In 2019, Yuncheng has jurisdiction over one municipal district, two county-level cities and 10 counties, with a permanent resident population of 5.3726 million, and a GDP of 156.29 billion yuan, including 24.8 billion yuan for the primary industry, 54.07 billion yuan for the secondary industry, 77.42 billion yuan for the tertiary industry, 15.9:34.6:49.5 for the tertiary industry, and 29126 yuan for the per capita GDP, calculated according to the average exchange rate in 2019 It's $4223.

Historical evolution

Tang Yao Jianguo, Shun capital Puban, Yu capital Anyi and Xia capital are all in Yuncheng.

The Shang Dynasty was the central part of Kyushu and the land of Jizhou. All emperors are middle, so it is called China. Zu Yi moved his capital to Geng (now Hejin).

In the spring and Autumn period, it belonged to the state of Jin. In the eighth year of Xiangong (669 BC), the capital of Jin was set in Jiangxian (now Jiangxian county).

After the division of Han, Zhao and Wei, Yuncheng belonged to Wei, and the capital of Wei was Anyi.

Qin Shihuang unified China, set up 36 counties, Yuncheng is Hedong County, governing Anyi.

In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Xiaochang was located in tangzhou, where it was governed by Baima city (now Yaodu District of Linfen).

Tang Dynasty is the east of the river, which governs the whole territory of Shanxi and parts of Hebei, and governs the Hezhong prefecture (now Yongji).

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yuncheng was Shaanxi Road, yongxingjun Road, and was located in jingzhaofu (now Xi'an city).

The Song Dynasty was Hedong Road, which governed most of Shanxi, Hebei and part of Henan.

Yuan, Ming, Qing and Linfen were the same Pingyang Prefecture, which was in charge of Pingyang (now Yaodu District of Linfen).

From 1914 to 1930, Yuncheng, Linfen, Shilou, Lingshi and Jiaokou belonged to Hedong road.

Yuncheng was set up in April 1939. It has jurisdiction over Anyi, Xiangling, Fencheng, Wanquan, Ronghe, Linjin, Yishi, Quwo, Yicheng, Jiexian and Yuxiang.

In 1949, Yuncheng, Linfen, Shilou and Jiaokou established Jinnan administrative office, which belongs to Jinnan District of Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region government.

In 1950, Yuncheng, Linfen and Jinnan 28 counties in Jinnan District of Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region were officially assigned to Shanxi Province, and Yuncheng district and Linfen district were established. Yuncheng governs one town and 17 counties.

In 1954, Yuncheng district and Linfen District merged into Jinnan District.

In 1970, southern Shanxi was abolished and divided into Yuncheng and Linfen according to the original system.

In June 2000, with the approval of the State Council, Yuncheng City was set up at prefecture level.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 1949, Yuncheng district was set up, which was stationed in Yuncheng town. Jurisdiction Anyi, Wanquan (in Jiedian), Hejin, Jishan, Xinjiang, Wenxi, Jiangxian, Yuanqu, Xiaxian, Pinglu (in shengshengjian), Jiexian, Ruicheng, Yuxiang, Yongji (in Zhaoyi town), Linjin, Yishi, Ronghe and Yuncheng.

In 1954, Wanquan county and Ronghe county were merged and changed into Wanrong county (in Jiedian, Wanquan county); Jiexian county and Yuxiang county were merged and changed into Jieyu county (in Jiexian county); Linjin county and Yishi county were merged and changed into Linyi County (in Yishi county). Later, Yuncheng district was abolished and merged into Jinnan District.

In 1970, Yuncheng district was established, and the district was located in Yuncheng county. Yuncheng (in Yuncheng town), Xinjiang, Jiangxian, Jishan, Wanrong, Yongji (in Zhaoyi town), Xiaxian, Wenxi, Pinglu (in shengshengrenjian), Yuanqu (in liuzhang town), Ruicheng, Hejin, Linyi and other 13 counties belong to Yuncheng area.

On June 14, 2000, with the approval of the State Council: (1) Yuncheng Prefecture and county level Yuncheng City were abolished and prefecture level Yuncheng City was established. The Municipal People's government is stationed in the newly established Salt Lake District. (2) Yuncheng City set up a Salt Lake District, with the former county-level administrative region of Yuncheng City as the administrative region of the Salt Lake District. The District People's government is located in Fudong street. (3) Yuncheng City governs Wenxi County, Xinjiang county, Pinglu County, Yuanqu County, Jiang County, Jishan County, Ruicheng County, Xia County, Wanrong County, Linyi County and the newly established Salt Lake area in Yuncheng area. Hejin City and Yongji City in Yuncheng area were directly under the central government of Shanxi Province. In October, the city was officially set up.

Current situation of regionalization

In 2019, Yuncheng has jurisdiction over 1 municipal district, 2 county-level cities and 10 counties. Yuncheng Municipal People's government is located at 248 Hedong street, Yanhu District.

geographical environment

Location context

Yuncheng city is located in the south of Shanxi Province, facing Shaanxi and Henan provinces across the Yellow River, adjacent to Linfen in the north and Jincheng in the East. It is between 110 ° 15 '- 112 ° 04' e and 34 ° 35 '- 35 ° 49' n, 201.87 km long from east to west and 127.47 km wide from north to south, with a total area of 13968 square kilometers, accounting for 9% of the total area of Shanxi Province, including 8136 square kilometers of plain area, accounting for 58.2% of the total area.

topographic features

Yuncheng has a complex terrain with obvious relative elevation difference. The highest peak is shunwangping in Yuanqu County, with an altitude of 2321.8 meters; the lowest point is the place where the Xiyang River enters the Yellow River in Yuanqu County, with an altitude of 180 meters. Yuncheng has many types of landforms, such as plain, mountain, hill, basin and platform. The plain area accounts for 58.2% of the total area, and the mountain and hill area accounts for 41.8% of the total area. There are mainly four mountains, Zhongtiao Mountain, Luliang Mountain, Jiwang mountain and Gufeng mountain, covering an area of 2674 square kilometers, accounting for 19.1% of the total area.

Climatic characteristics

Yuncheng has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate affected by monsoon activities throughout the year. In winter, it is controlled by Siberian dry and cold air flow, and prevails northwest monsoon, which is cold and dry; in summer, it is controlled by Pacific warm and wet air flow, and prevails southeast monsoon, which is characterized by high temperature, rainy, concentrated rainfall, rainstorm and thunderstorm. The average annual temperature is 13.3 ℃, the average temperature in January is - 2.2 ℃, the average temperature in July is 27.4 ℃, the sunshine duration is 2039.5 hours, the frost period is from late October to early April of the next year, and the frost free period is 212 days. The average annual precipitation (1956-2005) is 525 mm, with great interannual variation. The maximum annual precipitation is 945.8 mm, which occurred in 1958, and the minimum is 305.0 mm, which occurred in 1997. The distribution of precipitation in the year is very uneven, with less in winter and spring, accounting for about 20% of the whole year, especially in summer and autumn, accounting for about 70% of the whole year; the precipitation in July and August accounts for about 40% of the annual precipitation. Affected by topography and climate factors, the regional distribution of precipitation is uneven, decreasing from 750 mm in the southeast to 500 mm in the northwest.

Water system hydrology

In Yuncheng, there are Wuxing lake, the largest freshwater lake in Shanxi Province, as well as natural lakes such as Xiaochi, tanglitan, yazichi, beimentan, etc. Shangma reservoir and Kuchi reservoir are built. Yuncheng belongs to the Yellow River Basin. There are yellow river and Fenhe River in transit. There are 25 rivers with a basin area of more than 100 square kilometers in Yuncheng. The flood season is from June to September every year. Restricted by the geographical environment and climate conditions, the rivers in the region have the dual characteristics of mountain type and summer rain type. In terms of river morphology and channel characteristics, it is characterized by high gully density and well-developed water system, steep slope and rapid flow, and serious erosion and cutting. The characteristics of runoff and sediment: the flood rises and falls suddenly, the sediment content is large, the annual runoff is concentrated in the flood season, and the runoff is small and unstable in the dry season.

Yellow River

The Yellow River enters from the west side of Hejin temple tower and flows from north to south along the qinjin gorge. After leaving Yumenkou, the river is open and wide. From north to south, through Hejin, Wanrong, Linyi and Yongji, it twists and turns to the east at Fenglingdu in Ruicheng County, passes Pinglu and Xiaxian County, and goes out to NIANPANGOU in Yuanqu County. It flows through eight counties (cities) with a flow length of 396 kilometers, which is the largest passenger water resource in Yuncheng. The average annual runoff (Longmen station) is 31.969 billion cubic meters, and the average annual runoff is 1014.4 cubic meters per second.

Fenhe River

Fenhe River flows from Nanliang village, Xinjiang county, through four counties (cities) of Xinjiang, Jishan, Hejin and Wanrong, and then flows into the Yellow River from Miaoqian, Wanrong County, with a flow length of 145.2 kilometers and a drainage area of 2943 square kilometers. According to the observation data of Baidi hydrological station in Hejin, the annual average flow is 33.8 cubic meters per second.

Sushui River

Sushui river originates from chencunyu in Jiangxian County, flows southwest through Jiangxian County, Wenxi County, Xiaxian County, Yanhu County, Linyi County and Yongji County (city and district), with a total length of 196 km, a drop of 445 m, a longitudinal slope of 1 / 400, and a drainage area of 5774 square kilometers. According to Zhang Liu

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