Jinan City, Shandong Province

Jinan, also known as Quancheng, is the capital of Shandong Province, a vice provincial city, a mega city, a core city of Jinan Metropolitan Area, and a central city in the south of Bohai Rim Area approved by the State Council. It is the political, economic, cultural, scientific, technological, educational and financial center of Shandong Province, and an important transportation hub. By 2019, the city has 10 districts and 2 counties, with a total area of 10244 square kilometers, built-up area of 760.6 square kilometers, permanent resident population of 8.9087 million, urban population of 6.3438 million, and urbanization rate of 71.21%.

Jinan is located in East China, the middle of Shandong Province and the southeast edge of North China Plain. It is the headquarters of the army in the northern theater of the Chinese people's Liberation Army. It connects the capital economic circle in the north and the Yangtze River Delta economic circle in the south. It is an important intersection of the Bohai Rim Economic Zone and the Beijing Shanghai economic axis. It is also one of the central cities in the Bohai Rim region and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.

Jinan has 72 Famous Springs because of its numerous springs. It is known as "surrounded by lotus, willows, mountains and lakes". Jinan is famous for its eight sceneries. It is a tourist city with unique features of "mountains, springs, lakes, rivers and cities". It is a national famous historical and cultural City, one of the first batch of excellent tourist cities in China, and one of the birthplaces of prehistoric culture Longshan culture.

Jinan has successfully held many international and national events, such as the Asian Cup, the National Games, China International Garden and flower expo, and China Art Festival. In 2015, it held the 22nd International Historical Science Conference; in April 2016, it held the annual meeting of China Green company, which was listed as the third batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas by the State Council in December; in January 2019, it entered the "top 50 Asian cities" and ranked among the "top 50 Asian cities" "Second tier cities". In 2020, Jinan will be rated as the world's second tier city by GaWC. On September 2, 2020, it was rated as the national transit city construction demonstration city by the Ministry of transport. On October 28, 2020, Jinan was approved to build a national logistics hub.

Jinan has a long history and is the birthplace of prehistoric culture "Longshan culture". Chengziya, a Neolithic site in the area, has the Qi Great Wall prior to the Qin Great Wall, and Lingyan temple, which is known as "the first sculpture in the sea". Luohan, a painted sculpture of the Song Dynasty, and the Great Buddha of the Sui Dynasty (located in Dafo village, Licheng District, built in the Sui Dynasty, is the largest Buddha in Shandong Province). In the book of songs, the first collection of poems in China, there is a satirical poem Dadong written by Tan Ren, which is the earliest extant literature about Jinan. In December 1986, it was announced as a national historical and cultural city by the State Council.

Shun (about the 22nd century BC) once "fished in Leize and ploughed in Lishan". Lishan is the Qianfo Mountain in the south of Lixia District, Jinan City. Therefore, there are various places named after Shun in the city, such as "Shunjing", "Shungeng road", "Shunhua road", "Shungeng mountain", etc.

In the slave society of Shang Dynasty, social productivity was highly developed. In the area of chengziya, the state of Tan was established. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, when Emperor Yi and Emperor Xin (Zhou) conquered Dongyi, the character "Luo" in oracle bone inscriptions represented today's Baotu Spring, thus tracing the recorded history of Jinan spring to 3552 years ago (1542 BC).

After the founding of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Jinan belonged to the state of Qi. At this time, Tan Guoping still exists. In the book of songs, the first collection of poems in China, there is a satirical poem Dadong written by a doctor of state Tan, which is the earliest extant literature about Jinan.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, great changes took place in the society, the enfeoffment system began to disintegrate, and the slave society began to transition to the feudal society. Jinan belongs to the state of Qi, and Jinan is the Luoyi of Qi. Later, the state of Qi changed Luoyi into Lixia. The famous battle between Qi and Jin took place in Ma'anshan in the south of Jinan.

After the first emperor of Qin Dynasty unified the world, he established the county system. Jinan belongs to Jibei County, which is called lixiayi.

More than 2100 years ago, the Han Dynasty was renamed Jinan (historical records). It is named because it is located in the south of Jishui, one of the four ancient rivers. The establishment of Jinan county is the beginning of the emergence of "Jinan". Jinan county is located in dongpingling (now pinglingcheng, Zhangqiu District). In the 16th year of Emperor Wen of the Western Han Dynasty (164 BC), Jinan county was established as the state of Jinan, with jurisdiction over Lixia District, Shizhong District, Tianqiao District, Huaiyin District, Licheng District, Changqing District, Zhangqiu District, Jiyang County and Zouping County of Binzhou City. In the third year of emperor Jing (155 BC), Liu piguang, king of Jinan, was killed for his rebellion, and the state was removed as a county. Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty, moved to Licheng county (now Jinan City).

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was the state of Jinan. During the reign of emperor Lingdi, Cao Cao was appointed Prime Minister of Jinan and made great achievements.

During the period of Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, Jinan was mostly in war. During the reign of Jin Yongjia (307-312), Ji'nan county was transferred from Dongping mausoleum to Licheng. Since then, Licheng has become the political center of Jinan.

Jizhou was ruled by overseas Chinese in Ji'nan County in the ninth year of Yuanjia in the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 432), and Qi county was renamed in the first year of Huangxing in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 467).

In the third year of kaihuang reign of the Sui Dynasty, the county was abolished, and Jinan county was changed into Qizhou, which governed Licheng and other 10 counties. At the beginning of Daye, Qi county was restored. In 618, the first year of Wude in Tang Dynasty, Qijun was changed to Qizhou, and the next year, the general manager's office was set up. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), the general manager's office was withdrawn, and the governor's office was set up in the seventh year of Zhenguan. During the reign of Tianbao, it was renamed Linzi county and Jinan county. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), it was restored to Qizhou.

In the third year of Zhidao in the Song Dynasty (997 AD), there were 15 roads in China. Jinan belonged to Jingdong road and was called Qizhou (history of Song Dynasty). In the sixth year of Zhenghe (1116 AD), Qizhou was promoted to Jinan government, with jurisdiction over Licheng, Yucheng, Zhangqiu, Changqing and Linyi. Licheng was established as the beginning of the government. Known as "the country of literature" (Jinan Er'an), "the land of wealth", it is one of the areas with the most taxes in China.

Jin still set up Jinan government, belonging to Shandong East Road, leading Licheng, Linyi, Qihe, Zhangqiu, Yucheng, Changqing, Jiyang seven counties. At this time, the Xiaoqing River was dug in the north of the city, directly to the sea, making Jinan an important salt distribution center, which had a significant impact on the development of local economy.

Jinan road was changed to Jinan road in the early Yuan Dynasty, which belonged to the "belly" area of the Yuan Dynasty. It was directly under the jurisdiction of Zhongshu province. It led Licheng, Zhangqiu, Zouping and Jiyang counties and di and bin counties. Dizhou governed Yanci (now Huimin County), Yanci, Shanghe, Yangxin and Wudi counties; Binzhou governed Bohai (now Binzhou City), Bohai, Lijin and Zhanhua counties.

During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Jinan was still the hometown of cultural prosperity. Yuan Haowen, a litterateur, once wrote such praises as "admiring Jinan's beautiful landscape" and "always being a Jinan man".

At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, it was still Jinan's government, belonging to Shandong's administrative department. In 1376, the provincial government was transferred from Qingzhou to Jinan, and then Jinan became the capital of Shandong. It was the residence of Shandong's administrative department, Du's commanding department and Yi Cha's department.

In 1724, Taian, Wuding and Binzhou were promoted to Zhili. Xintai, Laiwu and Changqing, Yangxin, Haifeng and Leling, and Shanghe, Lijin, Zhanhua and Putai were divided into three states. During the reign of Guangxu, Jinan government still governed 15 counties including Licheng, Zhangqiu, Zouping, Zichuan, Changshan, Xincheng, Qihe, Qidong, Jiyang, Yucheng, Linyi, Changqing, Lingxian, Deping, Pingyuan and Dezhou. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jinan government has been the seat of Shandong Province.

After the Opium War in 1840, China became a semi colonial and semi feudal society. The imperialist powers swarmed into China one after another, slaughtered and plundered Jinan. In 1904, Jinan opened its own commercial port. With the expansion of urban areas, industry and Commerce have made great progress. At the end of 1911, the Yellow River Bridge of Jinpu railway was completed and opened to traffic, and Jinan became a north-south transportation hub.

After the founding of the Republic of China, the government was changed to Dao, and Jinan was originally called DaiBei Dao, which was renamed Jinan Dao in 1914. In the spring of 1921, Wang Jingmei and Deng Enming established a Communist group in Jinan, becoming one of the earliest Communist organizations in China.

On May 3, 1928, the Japanese imperialists brazenly dispatched troops to Jinan, causing the May 3 massacre in Jinan, killing 12000 Jinan people. Every year on this day, Jinan City, including all districts and counties, will sound the air defense alarm to commemorate.

In 1938, after the Japanese occupation of Jinan, it was divided into 11 districts, namely, the Eastern District, the Western District, the Eastern District, the Western District, the Eastern District, the Western District, the Central District, the Dongxiang District, the Nanxiang District, the Xixiang district and the BEIXIANG district. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the people of Shandong established the Shandong Anti Japanese base area, constantly attacked the enemy, developed themselves and carried out the national revolutionary war. Jinan was under the leadership of the Shandong military region. After Japan surrendered in 1945, it was still divided into 11 districts with a total area of 177.62 square kilometers.

He Siyuan entered Lu secretly in June 1945 and arrived in Jinan on September 1. After He Siyuan arrived in Jinan, he first moved the Shandong provincial government of the Kuomintang in Fuyang back to Jinan and took over the Japanese puppet regime in Shandong.

On September 27, 1948, the Chinese people's Liberation Army liberated Jinan and established the special city of Jinan.

It was changed into Jinan City in May 1949.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, Shandong Provincial People's Congress, Shandong Provincial People's government, Shandong Provincial Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, Jinan Military Region and organs of Shandong military region, Jinan Branch of the people's Bank of China are all located in Jinan. Jinan continues to maintain the political, economic, cultural, transportation and science and technology center of Shandong Province.

In 1991, a national Jinan high tech Industrial Development Zone was established.

In February 1994, Jinan was designated as a vice provincial city.

In February 2016, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China decided to

Chinese PinYin : Shan Dong Sheng Ji Nan Shi