Shenyang, Liaoning Province

Shenyang, referred to as "Shen" in short, is the capital of Liaoning Province, vice provincial city, mega city, and the core city of Shenyang metropolitan area. It is an important central city, advanced equipment manufacturing base and industrial base in Northeast China approved by the State Council. The city has jurisdiction over 10 municipal districts, 1 county-level city and 2 counties, with a total area of 12948 square kilometers, a built-up area of 585.5 square kilometers, a permanent resident population of 8.316 million and an urban population of 6.736 million, with an urbanization rate of 81%.

China is located in one belt, one road in Northeast China and the other in central Liaoning. It is located in the Northeast Asian economic circle and the central Bohai economic circle. It is the geographical center of Northeast Asia, the headquarters of North China theater, the joint logistics center of Shenyang, the integrated transport hub of the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region leading to the eastern Shenyang. Shenyang is the political, economic, cultural center and transportation hub of Northeast China.

Shenyang is a national historical and cultural city, the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty, known as "the birthplace of one dynasty, the capital of two dynasties". In 1625, Nuerhachi, the emperor Taizu of the Qing Dynasty, moved his capital here, and Huangtaiji built Shengjing City, where the Qing Dynasty of China was founded. This is a turning point in Shenyang's history. From military garrison to Shengjing Imperial City, one of the two capitals of the Qing Dynasty, it began to become the central city of Northeast China. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Shenyang has become an important heavy industry base with equipment manufacturing as the main industry in China. It is known as the "Equipment Department of the Republic" and has the reputation of "the eldest son of the Republic" and "Oriental Ruhr".

Shenyang has successively won the titles of national civilized city, national environmental protection model city, National Forest City, National Garden City, National Health City, and China's top ten ice and snow tourism city. It is a national new industrialization comprehensive supporting reform pilot zone and a demonstration zone of integration of industrialization and industrialization. It is speeding up the construction of a national central city, an advanced equipment manufacturing base, and an ecological livable city, Vigorously promote the comprehensive revitalization of the old industrial base.

Thirty thousand years ago, there were human activities in the Paleolithic age in Shenyang area.

7200 years ago, a branch of the Chinese nation (Sunbird Totem Culture) in this farming, fishing, breeding, creating a new music culture.

In 300 BC, Qin Kai, the general of Yan state, led his army to drive out Donghu and built a city of Hou (Hou, the Scouts of the scouts, for the purpose of looking). As the name suggests, "Hou city" is the lookout City, which is under the jurisdiction of Xiangping County, Liaodong County, Yan Dynasty. This is the beginning of the history of Shenyang, which has been more than 2300 years. Houcheng is the geographical center of Northeast China, with transportation extending in all directions, including Da county and Pingguo in the west, gouzedu, yangandu, baigengdu and youchengdu in the north, shangxiazhang in Nantong, Erlonghu ancient city and zhenfanzhangsai in the East.

In 221 BC, after Qin Shihuang unified China, it was divided into 36 counties. Shenyang was subordinate to Wangping County, Liaodong county.

In the Han Dynasty, it has been called "Hou city" in historical records. It belongs to Wangping County, Liaodong Prefecture of Han Dynasty, and it is the seat of Duwei in the middle of Liaodong Prefecture. It shows that "Hou city" has a large scale in the Western Han Dynasty.

During the Three Kingdoms period, there was Pingzhou in gongsundu, Liaoning Province, under which there were Liaodong County, Changli County, xuantu County, Liaoxi County, Lelang County, Daifang County, etc. under which there were counties. Shenyang belonged to xuantu county.

In the period of Koguryo, it belonged to the eastern city of Liaoning.

In the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to the "Shenzhou" of Anton capital.

During the Five Dynasties, yeluabaoji moved the Han people to build the earthen city on a large scale, and the production developed accordingly. It belonged to Shenzhou.

In the Jin Dynasty, wanyan'aguda captured Shenzhou, which was named "Shenzhou".

In the third year of Yuanzhen (1296) of Yuan Dynasty, Tucheng was rebuilt in Yuan Dynasty, and Shenzhou was changed into "Shenyang Road", which was under the jurisdiction of Liaoyang province. Since then, the name "Shenyang" has appeared in the historical materials, which has a history of more than 700 years.

In 1386, the Ming Dynasty renamed "Shenyang Road" as "Shenyang Zhongwei".

In 1621, the Jin army captured Shenyang.

In 1625, Aixinjueluo Nurhachi moved the capital city from Liaoyang to Zhongwei of Shenyang, and began to build the Imperial Palace in Shenyang.

In the first year of Tiancong (1627), Emperor Taiji of Qing Dynasty expanded Shenyang City on a large scale and built eight gates of Shengjing in Shenyang.

In 1634, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty honored Shenyang as "Shengjing", so it was called "Shengjing".

In the first year of Chongde (1636), Mongolia surrendered to the Qing Dynasty and came to Shenyang with white camels carrying the Mongolian sacred things - mahagara Golden Buddha and imperial seal. The lotus pure land Shisheng temple was built by Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty. It is also called Huangsi because it is the royal family temple of the Qing Dynasty.

In the first year of Chongde (1636), the Manchu, Mongolian and Han nationalities presented the form of persuading the emperor. Huang Taiji became emperor in Shenyang and changed the name of the country to Qing Dynasty.

In 1643, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the construction of four pagodas and four temples in the East, West, South and north of the ancient city of Shenyang to protect the people and ensure "serving the country and the people, and five blessings".

In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), after emperor Fu Lin of the Qing Dynasty moved his capital to Beijing, Shengjing (now Shenyang) became his capital.

From the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the Qing Dynasty implemented the policy of encouraging immigrants and allocated people from all provinces in the mainland to come here to reclaim land. Since then, a steady stream of people from Hebei, Henan, Shandong and Shanxi have come here to settle down for cultivation. Most of the villages in Northeast China were established after the first year of Shunzhi.

In 1651, the Qing government promulgated the regulations on recruiting people to reclaim land in Eastern Liaoning Province, which stipulated that "every farmer who moved to Liaodong should supply a bucket of food every month, and give six liters of seeds to each cultivated land, and the farmers should lend 20 cattle to every 100 people, among which the food and seeds should be paid back after the autumn harvest." "when new people are recruited, the officials should be sent to the Ministry together with the county officials, and each Ding in the city should give two ropes to the foundation, about three Zhang (two days) ）In the wild, five ropes (25 mu) of land are given to each Ding, which will be the permanent property of the people. ".

In 1657, fengtianfu was set up in Shengjing city (today's Shenyang), also known as "Fengtian". During the Qing Dynasty, only shuntianfu was set up in Yanjing, and fengtianfu in Shengjing city was named after it, which shows the high standard.

In the 15th year of Shunzhi (1658), the Qing government stipulated that "the promotion of local officials should also be decided according to the amount of reclaimed land, or the plaque should be given, and the family status should be hung high to show commendation.". The policy is very favorable. Many places moved from the whole village, and some local officials led them, which promoted the reclamation. This is the incident of transferring people in Shunzhi period of zhuzhong. Many people's ancestors in Shenyang area were transferred from Shunzhi period. After that, Manchuria was banned in the Qing Dynasty, and there was a large-scale Han invasion of Kanto in the late Qing Dynasty.

In 1911, Shenyang became the capital of Zhang zuolin after the revolution of 1911

In 1923, the Fengtian municipal office was formally established, and the establishment of Shenyang City was the first time

In 1927, after the August 7th Meeting of the Communist Party of China, in order to unify the leadership of the Northeast party organization, the Party Central Committee decided to send Chen Wei Ren to form the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China.

In September 1928, the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China held the third party congress in Shenyang. The Congress decided to change the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China into Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. Chen Weiren, Liu Shaoqi, Chen Tanqiu and Luo Dengxian successively served as secretaries of the provincial Party committee.

On December 29, 1928, Zhang Xueliang announced that the Northeast changed its banner.

In 1929, Fengtian province was renamed Liaoning Province on February 5. On April 2, Fengtian city was renamed Shenyang City.

In 1931, the Japanese imperialists launched the "September 18th Incident" and occupied Shenyang. The Anti Japanese war broke out in China. The Japanese puppets changed "Shenyang City" to "Fengtian city", and then established the puppet Manchukuo.

In 1945, the Anti Japanese war was won and the Northeast was restored. The name of "Shenyang City" was restored to "Fengtian city".

Shenyang was officially liberated on November 2, 1948.

In 1953, Shenyang became a municipality directly under the central government.

In 1954, Shenyang became a city under the jurisdiction of Liaoning Province.

In 1964, the CPC Liaoning Provincial Committee decided to set up Shenyang special zone.

In 1993, Faku and Kangping counties of Tieling City were under the jurisdiction of Shenyang, while Xinmin county was built as a city.

In 1994, Shenyang was upgraded to a vice provincial city.

In 2002, Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone was merged into Tiexi District.

In 2006, Shenbei New District was established.

On June 17, 2014, with the approval of the State Council, Dongling District of Shenyang City was renamed as Hunnan district.

In January 2016, Liaozhong County was divided into districts.

administrative division

Shenyang has a total of 13 county-level administrative regions, including 10 municipal districts, 1 county-level city and 2 counties. Shenyang Municipal People's government is located at 206-3 Shenzhong street, Hunnan district.

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geographical environment

Location context

Shenyang is located in the south of Northeast China, the middle of Liaoning Province, Liaodong Peninsula in the South and Changbai Mountain in the north. It is located in the Bohai rim economic circle. It is an important junction between the Bohai rim and Northeast China. It is located between 41 ° 48 ′ 11.75 ″ N and 123 ° 25 ′ 31.18 ″ e, with a total area of more than 12948 square kilometers and an urban area of 3495 square kilometers.

landforms

Shenyang is located in the middle of Liaohe plain, with hills in the East and hills in the north. The terrain gradually widens to the West and south, and transits from piedmont alluvial plain to large alluvial plain. The terrain inclines from northeast to southwest, and the two sides incline to the middle. The highest is Shiren Mountain in laoshigou, Magang Township, Shenbei New District, with an altitude of 441 meters; the lowest is qianzuojia village in Yujiafang, Liaozhong District, with an altitude of 5 meters. Huanggu District

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