Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province

Zhuzhou, formerly known as "Jianning", is a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Hunan Province. Located 40 km southeast of Changsha, downstream of Xiangjiang River, it is adjacent to Lianhua County, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province in the East, Yongxin County and Jinggangshan City, Ji'an City in the south, Hengyang City and Chenzhou City in the province in the south, Xiangtan City in the West and Changsha City in the north. Zhuzhou City governs Tianyuan District, Lusong District, Hetang District, Shifeng District and Lukou District, you County, Chaling County and Yanling County, and takes charge of Liling City. In addition, Yunlong demonstration area is set up, with a total area of 11262 square kilometers. In 2019, the permanent resident population is 4028500, and the urban population is 2735900, with an urbanization rate of 67.91%.

Zhuzhou is one of the first eight key industrial cities built after the founding of new China and an old industrial base in China. The intersection of Beijing Guangzhou railway and Shanghai Kunming Railway in Zhuzhou has become an important "cross" railway hub in China. Zhuzhou is a member of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and one of the three cores of Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration. It is also a part of the comprehensive reform pilot area of Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan two oriented society construction. In addition, Zhuzhou also has national green city, National Health City, national civilized city, national garden city and other honorary titles.

On July 5, 2019, Zhuzhou was listed in the list of cities with less than 80% of the black and odorous water eliminated by the Ministry of ecological environment of the people's Republic of China, with the elimination rate of 17.6%. On September 2, 2020, it was rated as the national transit city construction demonstration city by the Ministry of transport. On January 29, 2021, it was selected into the list of areas with remarkable achievements in real work in 2020 announced by Hunan Provincial People's government.

Evolution of organizational system

The origin of place names

Zhuzhou, also known as Jianning in ancient times and later as Zhuzhou, was first found in the anthology of Southern Song Dynasty. The word "Zhu" may come from Zhu Tian's "Zhu". Zhuzhou and Zhutian were several miles apart, and Zhutian was more famous in the Five Dynasties. The word "Zhou" comes from the ancient "Zhou" with the two sides of the Xiang River as the "Zhou". It is a place name. It is also known as "Zhuzhou" because there are many Castanopsis carlesii trees in the land, and the homonym of "Castanopsis carlesii" and "Zhu". Since the first year of Shaoxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1190), Zhuzhou has been officially named.

Historical evolution

In ancient times, the ancestors lived and multiplied in Zhuzhou area. In luyuanpi, Yanling County, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, Shennong, was buried. According to archaeological findings, there are Daxi cultural sites of early Neolithic Age 6000 years ago and Longshan cultural sites of late Neolithic age more than 4000 years ago in huangxialong, piaoshajing, Zhuzhou County.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Zhuzhou belonged to Qianzhong County of Chu state.

In 223 BC, Qin destroyed Chu and Zhuzhou belonged to Qianzhong county.

In 202 BC, Changsha state was founded, and Zhuzhou was the territory of Changsha state.

In the 19th year of Jian'an (214) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sun Quan set up Jianning County in the east of Xiangnan County, Liling county and Xiuxian County along the East Bank of Xiangjiang River. The county was built on both sides of Jiefang street and Nanhu street of Qingyunshan mountain in Zhuzhou City. It belongs to Changsha County, which is the beginning of the construction of Zhuzhou County.

In 257, the county government of Jianning moved from Zhuzhou to gantian.

In 266, the first year of Wu Baoding in the Three Kingdoms, Jianning county government moved back to Zhuzhou.

In 265-420 ad, Jin Dynasty unified China, Jianning county was still in Zhuzhou, belonging to Changsha County of ancient Jingzhou.

From 420 to 589 A.D., Jianning County belonged to Changsha County of Xiangzhou.

In 589, Jianning county was abolished and Xiangtan County was established.

Tang Wude four years (621), the restoration of Jianning County, belongs to Nanyun state (state governance in today's Youxian county).

In 627, nanyunzhou and Jianning county were abolished. Jianning county belongs to Xiangtan County and Liling county.

In 1908, Zhuzhou hall was set up. "Zhuzhou Fumin house" is located in zhangshuping, now Lusong district.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the Qing Dynasty died, and the system of "Zhuzhou Department" which existed for nearly five years was abolished, and Zhuzhou was once again brought under the jurisdiction of Xiangtan County.

In 1934, Zhuzhou Town, Xiangtan County was established.

In 1947, Zhuzhou Town, Baiguan Township and Zhaoyang Township in Xiangtan County were merged into Zhuzhou township.

On August 3, 1949, the Chinese people's Liberation Army entered Zhuzhou. On August 12, 1949, Zhuzhou District People's Government of Xiangtan County was established.

In 1951, Xiangtan County was divided into Zhuzhou City, which belongs to Changsha district.

In 1953, it was changed into a city under the jurisdiction of a province, and the suburbs were divided into eastern suburbs and northern suburbs.

On February 22, 1955, Zhuzhou suburb east district and Zhuzhou suburb north district were merged into Zhuzhou suburb, and Zhuzhou suburb district office was established, with jurisdiction over 22 townships.

In March 1956, Zhuzhou was upgraded to a prefecture level city under the direct leadership of the provincial Party committee, becoming the first prefecture level city in Hunan Province, except for the provincial governor.

On September 5, 1958, the township level establishment was abolished, and five big townships under the jurisdiction of Zhuzhou suburb were merged to form Zhuzhou suburb commune.

On April 30, 1965, Zhuzhou County was set up, with some areas of Zhuzhou City as its administrative region, and located in Lukou Town. Zhuzhou County belongs to Zhuzhou City.

On January 18, 1966, the suburb was restored.

On July 8, 1970, three municipal districts (county level) were set up in the urban area, namely East District, South District and North District.

On March 1, 1983, Zhuzhou City implemented the system of city Governing County, putting you County, Chaling County, Liling county and Lingxian County in Xiangtan area under the jurisdiction of Zhuzhou City, with a population of 3081200. On August 15, 1985, Liling county was changed into Liling City; on April 5, 1994, Liling county was renamed Yanling County.

In July 1997, the eastern, southern, northern and suburban districts were abolished, and Hetang, Lusong, Shifeng and Tianyuan districts were set up.

On March 11, 2009, Zhuzhou municipal Party committee and Zhuzhou municipal government decided to set up the Party Working Committee and Management Committee of Zhuzhou Yunlong demonstration zone, which are respectively the agencies of Zhuzhou municipal Party committee and Zhuzhou Municipal People's government, to exercise municipal administrative and economic management authority.

On June 19, 2018, the State Council officially approved the abolition of Zhuzhou County and the establishment of Lukou District of Zhuzhou City.

administrative division

According to the official website of the government in 2018, Zhuzhou has jurisdiction over five districts, namely Tianyuan, Lusong, Hetang, Shifeng and Lukou, and three counties, namely you County, Chaling County and Yanling County. It is in charge of Liling City at the county level, with Yunlong demonstration area. The municipal government is located in Tianyuan District.

geographical environment

Location context

Zhuzhou City is located in the east of Hunan Province, downstream of Xiangjiang River. It is bounded by Pingxiang City, Lianhua County, Yongxin County and Jinggangshan City in Jiangxi Province in the East, Hengyang City and Chenzhou City in the south, Xiangtan City in the West and Changsha City in the north, with a total area of 11262 square kilometers, ranging from 26 ° 03'05 "～ 28 ° 01'07" n and 112 ° 57'30 "～ 114 ° 07'15" E.

topographic features

Zhuzhou City is located in the West foot of Luoxiao mountain range and the inclined section from Nanling Mountain range to Jianghan Plain. The overall terrain of Zhuzhou City is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. In the north and middle parts, the terrain alternates between mountains and valleys, and the basins are distributed in belts; in the southeast parts, there are mountains with overlapping obstacles, and the terrain is magnificent. Water area is 637.27 square kilometers, accounting for 5.66% of the total area of the city; plain is 1843.25 square kilometers, accounting for 16.37%; low hill is 1449.86 square kilometers, accounting for 12.87%; high hill is 738.74 square kilometers, accounting for 6.56%; hill is 1916.61 square kilometers, accounting for 17.02%; mountain is 4676.47 square kilometers, accounting for 41.52%. Mountains are mainly concentrated in the southeast of the city, most of the hills are in the north of the city, and the plains are distributed along both sides of the Xiangjiang River.

climate

Zhuzhou is a subtropical monsoon humid climate with four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall and heat. Its wind direction is mainly northwest wind in winter and south wind in summer. Its frost free period is more than 286 days, and its annual average temperature is 16 ° C to 18 ° C. It is worthy of the name and suitable for the growth of a variety of crops. It is a famous high-yield grain area in Hunan Province and an important national commodity grain base, and the first one in the Yangtze River Basin The counties (cities) with grain yield of more than one ton per mu are produced in Liling City, which is managed by Zhuzhou.

hydrology

There are 341 rivers with a length of more than 5 km, 19 rivers with a length of more than 30 km and 7 rivers with a length of more than 100 km in Zhuzhou City, all of which belong to the Xiangjiang River system. The main stream of Xiangjiang River is 89.6 km long in Zhuzhou City, accounting for 10.46% of the total length of Xiangjiang River. In the city area, the primary tributaries of Xiangjiang River are larger, such as Qishui and Lushui; the secondary tributaries of Xiangjiang River are more than 100 km long, such as Taoshui, Youshui, chengtanjiang and tieshui.

natural resources

mineral resources

Zhuzhou is rich in natural resources. There are more than 40 kinds of proven minerals, including coal, iron, tungsten, lead, zinc, tin, uranium, copper, niobium, tantalum, rare earth, fluorite, gypsum, silica, kaolin, limestone and granite. Zhuzhou is a famous hometown of non-ferrous metals. Rich agricultural and mineral resources, together with the diversity of climate, soil, geology and vegetation, provide superior conditions for multi-level development. 44 kinds of minerals have been found, including 360 deposits (spots), including 3 large deposits, 10 medium deposits and 103 small deposits. The occurrence of mineral resources is characterized by more associated minerals, less single minerals and relatively concentrated distribution of resources and ore producing areas. The reserves of niobium, tantalum oxide, kaolin, diabase for casting stone and quartzite for metallurgy rank the first in the province, while the reserves of coal, iron, tin, niobium oxide, barite, ceramic clay, ordinary fluorite and limestone for flux rank 2-5 in the province.

In 2016, Zhuzhou City has found 44 kinds of minerals and 20 kinds of proven resource reserves. Among them, there are 5 kinds of energy minerals, 16 kinds of metal minerals, 22 kinds of non-metal minerals and 1 kind of water and gas minerals. Implementation of geological exploration projects

Chinese PinYin : Hu Nan Sheng Zhu Zhou Shi