Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province

Heihe City, formerly known as Huihui, is a prefecture level city in Heilongjiang Province. The city has jurisdiction over one municipal district, three county-level cities and two counties, with a total area of 68726 square kilometers, a total population of 1.581 million and an urban population of 929 thousand.

Heihe is located in Northeast China, in the north of Heilongjiang Province, in the southeast of Yichun City and Suihua City, in the southwest of Qiqihar City, in the west of Inner Mongolia autonomous region across the Nenjiang River, and in the north of Great Xing'an Mountains. With the center line of Heilongjiang's main waterway as the boundary, and across Heilongjiang from blagoveshinsk, the capital of Amur Prefecture, the third largest city in the Far East of Russia, it is the only pair of corresponding cities with the largest scale, the highest specification, the most complete functions and the closest distance on the Sino Russian border, and the nearest distance is only 750 meters.

Heihe City has a long history. According to archaeological evidence, as early as the Paleolithic period, there were human activities here, forming the foundation of the local ancient indigenous people. In 1982, with the approval of the State Council, the first class national ports were restored.

In 2019, the GDP of Heihe city will reach 57.89 billion yuan, an increase of 6% over the same period last year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 24.61 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8%. The added value of the secondary industry was 6.99 billion yuan, an increase of 11.3%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 26.29 billion yuan, an increase of 7%.

Historical evolution

Heihe City has a long history. According to archaeological evidence, as early as the Paleolithic period, there were human activities here, forming the basis of ancient indigenous peoples. As early as the late Paleolithic age, there were ancient people working, living and reproducing in the vast land of Heilongjiang Basin.

In the 16th century, the Donghu and Wuchen people living in the north of Heihe City and Nenjiang River Basin had a gongna relationship with the Shang Dynasty.

In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, Sushen people living in the middle and lower reaches of Heilongjiang province paid tribute to the king of Zhou.

During the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to Fuyu.

In Tang Dynasty, heishuipei was in the middle and lower reaches of Heilongjiang. In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725), the Tang Dynasty set up the Heishui dudufu, which was called Heishui Kaizhi. The Tang Dynasty directly appointed a long history. In 792, in order to strengthen the rule over the areas inhabited by the Shiwei people, the Tang Dynasty set up the dudufu.

In the Jin Dynasty, it was Puyu road under the jurisdiction of Shangjing road.

Kaiyuan Road and shuidada road belong to Liaoyang Province in Yuan Dynasty. In order to connect the inland with the Heilongjiang River Basin, many "stations" have been established.

Nuergandu division was established in Ming Dynasty. Nuzhen and Qidan belonged to it. Nurgandus set up Wei, Suo, Zhan, Mian and Zhai in Northeast China. Most areas of Heihe River belong to sahalian ground, also known as Heilongjiang ground.

In October of the 23rd year of Kangxi (1684), in order to resist the Tsarist Russian aggressors, the Qing government set up Heilongjiang Yamen in zuojiuhui City, Heilongjiang Province (with one general and two deputy generals at the same time). In 1685, that is, the 24th year of Kangxi, Heilongjiang general yamen moved to youxinfeihui, which is now feihui town in Aihui district. In 1690, Heilongjiang general yamen moved to Moergen (now Nenjiang County), and vice capital of Huihui stayed in the original city and was subordinate to Heilongjiang general.

During the period of the Republic of China, most areas of Heihe City were under the jurisdiction of Heihe Yin office. On January 25, 1933, the Japanese invaders occupied Heihe. On December 1, 1934, the puppet Heihe province was established. In August 1945, Heihe was liberated. On November 19, Heihe district administrative office of Nenjiang province was established. In mid November, the Central County Working Committee of the Heihe region was established. On December 14, Heihe district administrative office of Nenjiang province was renamed Heihe district administrative office of Heilongjiang Province. On September 7, 1946, the Heilongjiang provincial government decided to set up the office of administrative inspector in Heihe region. In 1947, Heilongjiang and Nenjiang provinces merged into heinen province. On February 7, the office of administrative inspector of Heihe District in Heilongjiang Province was renamed the fifth Office of administrative inspector of heinen province. On September 17, the former fifth Office of the administrative inspector general of heinen province was renamed Heihe Office of the administrative inspector general of Heilongjiang Province.

On January 16, 1950, the office of the inspector general of Heihe district was renamed Heihe District Office of Heilongjiang Province. On April 19, 1955, the Heihe District Commissioner's office was renamed Heihe Commissioner's office of Heilongjiang Province. On April 9, 1967, the Revolutionary Committee of Heihe region was established. On February 8, 1979, the Revolutionary Committee of Heihe region was abolished and Heihe administrative office of Heilongjiang Province was established. On February 8, 1993, the State Council decided to abolish Heihe area and establish Heihe City (prefecture level city).

Historical evolution

administrative division

Heihe City governs six county-level administrative regions, including one municipal district, three county-level cities and two counties, namely Aihui District, Bei'an City, Wudalianchi City, Nenjiang City, Sunwu County and Xunke county. Heihe Municipal People's government is located at No.2, Tongjiang Road, Aihui district.

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geographical environment

Location context

Heihe city is located in the northeast border of China and the north of Heilongjiang Province, between 47 ° 42 ′～ 51 ° 03 ′ N and 124 ° 45 ′～ 129 ° 18 ′ E. It borders Yichun City and Suihua City in the southeast, Qiqihar City in the southwest, Neimenggu autonomous region across Nenjiang River in the west, Daxinganling region in the north and Amur Prefecture in Russia across Heilongjiang Province in the northeast, with a total area of 68726 square kilometers.

topographic features

Heihe city is located in the east of Daxing'an Mountains and the north of Xiaoxing'an Mountains. Within the territory of the mountains rolling, ravines vertical and horizontal, high terrain in the northwest, Southeast gradually reduced. Due to the geological structure change and physical weathering, the denudation terrain, erosion accumulation surface, accumulation terrain and volcanic rock terrain are formed, and the landform features of low mountains, hills, volcanic lava platform, basin, plain and valley are formed. The landform of the whole city is from northwest to Southeast. Affected by Songliao fault depression, Xunke wuyunjieya fault depression and Sunwu graben, the terrain is uplifted in the middle and depressed on both sides. The central hilly areas are mainly distributed in Duobaoshan, huolongmen, Baiyun, Maihai of Nenjiang County, xifengshan, Xinsheng, handaqi, beishihe of Aihui District, Chaoyang and Xing'an townships of erzhan and Wudalianchi City, zhengyangshan, Qingxi, Chenqing, Qunshan and toudou of Sunwu County and the south of Xunhe town of Xunke county. The mountainous area is about 44225 square kilometers, accounting for 64.3% of the city's total land area. It is NW and Se trending, with uplift at both ends and depression in the middle, in saddle shape, with an altitude of 300-800m. Heilongjiang, Nenjiang and its main tributaries have steep mountains and steep slopes. In rainy season, gullies, cliff mounds and sliding waves are easy to form. The watershed of rivers is generally 100-250 meters higher than the riverbed. The mountain is gentle, the top of the mountain is flat, there are Pingdingshan and right planation surface, some hillsides have rubble mounds, there are 1-5 meters thick eluvial diluvium everywhere, vegetation development. The density of rivers is large, the valley is curved, and most of them are asymmetric V-shaped Valley, which can form ice mound in winter. The Yanjiang fault basin is mainly distributed in the Sunke wuyunjieya fault depression belt of Sunwu graben along the South Bank of Heilongtan and the north of Xunhe, with NW trending and long narrow belt distribution. It is about 150 kilometers long and 2-5 kilometers wide, covering an area of 450 square kilometers, accounting for 0.7% of the total land area of the city. The terrain is flat, slightly inclined to the river bank, and there are sporadic mountain basins. The southern part is the northern end of Songliao plain, which is rectangular, covering an area of 24051 square kilometers, accounting for 35% of the total land area of the city: the terrain is relatively flat, slightly undulating, and gradually decreasing from north to south.

climate

Heihe city is a cold temperate continental monsoon climate, spanning three, four, five and six accumulated temperature zones. It is hot and windy in spring, rainy and hot in summer, sharp cooling in autumn, cold and dry in winter, long in winter and short in summer. The average annual precipitation of the city is 500-550 mm, the effective accumulated temperature is 1950-2300 ℃, the sunshine hours are 2560-2700 hours, the frost free period is 90-120 days, the annual average temperature is - 1.3-0.4 ℃, the daily maximum temperature is 38.2 ℃, the minimum temperature is - 40 ℃, and the annual average wind speed is 2.0-3.5 M / s.

hydrology

There are 631 rivers in Heihe City, including 242 rivers with a drainage area of more than 50 square kilometers. Heilongjiang is located in the north of Heihe City, which is the boundary river between China and Russia. The main tributaries in Heihe City are fabella River, gongbela River, xunbeira River and Korbin river. Nenjiang River, located in the west of the city, is the boundary river between Heihe City and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The main tributaries in the city are nemur River and Keluo river. Tongken River in the city belongs to Songhua River system. Uyur river is an inland river.

natural resources

water resource

The total surface runoff of Heihe city is 10.594 billion cubic meters (the surface runoff of Heilongjiang Basin is 6.207 billion cubic meters, the surface runoff of Nenjiang basin is 4.387 billion cubic meters, and the groundwater reserves are 3 billion cubic meters). The number of inbound tourists outside the city is 53.982 billion cubic meters. The city's per capita water volume is 6825 cubic meters. Heihe city is rich in hydropower resources. A total of 11 hydropower stations have been built and operated, mainly including Xigou, Xiangshan, Shankou and Kuerbin reservoirs. The total installed capacity is 139900 kW, accounting for 29.27% of the exploitable capacity, and the designed annual power generation is 400 million kwh. There are 99 reservoirs in the city, with a total capacity of 2.451 billion cubic meters.

mineral resources

A total of 95 kinds of mineral resources (including subspecies) have been found in Heihe City, among which 33 kinds of mineral resources have been identified

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