Zhoukou City, Henan Province

Zhoukou City, formerly known as Longdu and Chenzhou, is a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Henan Province. It is located in the southeast of Henan Province, in the hinterland of Huang Huai plain. It is adjacent to Fuyang City in Anhui Province in the East, Luohe City and Xuchang City in the west, Zhumadian City in the south, Kaifeng City and Shangqiu City in the north. In 1965, Zhoukou district was established (later changed to Zhoukou District); in 2000, Zhoukou district was abolished and Zhoukou City was established with the approval of the State Council. By the end of 2019, Zhoukou has jurisdiction over two districts, seven counties and one county-level city, with a total area of 11959 square kilometers and a permanent resident population of 8.6622 million.

Zhoukou's traffic extends in all directions, and the road, railway and waterway transportation interweave into a network, forming a large traffic pattern of the trinity of road, railway and waterway. Shaying River has been a navigable channel since ancient times, with Zhoukou and Liuwan freight terminals built to enter the Huaihe River and meet the Yangtze River. Shaying River shipping can directly reach Nanjing, Shanghai and Hangzhou. Zhoukou is the old capital of Fuxi and the hometown of Laozi. It is known as "the pioneer of China and the holy mark of Jiuzhou". It is also known as "the birthplace of Chinese culture" by the Fuxi Culture Research Association.

On July 5, 2019, the Ministry of ecological environment of the people's Republic of China announced the special investigation of black and odorous water bodies in the first stage of overall planning and strengthening supervision in 2019. Zhoukou City was listed in the "list of cities with less than 80% black and odorous water elimination proportion", and the elimination proportion was 0%. On October 23, 2019, Zhoukou City was identified as "the third batch of demonstration cities for urban black and odorous water treatment".

In 2019, Zhoukou achieved a GDP of 319.849 billion yuan, ranking fifth in Henan Province, with a year-on-year growth of 7.5%, 1.4% and 0.5% higher than the average level of the whole country and Henan Province respectively, ranking fourth in Henan Province. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 47.453 billion yuan, an increase of 2.4%; the added value of the secondary industry was 140.601 billion yuan, an increase of 8.5%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 131.795 billion yuan, an increase of 8.7%.

Historical evolution

In the history of Zhoukou City, Huaiyang was the center of construction. Huaiyang, the former political, economic and cultural center, was the ancient wanqiu, the ruins of Taihao and the capital of Shennong.

Xia was the territory of Yuzhou, Yin was the fief of yusui, and Li (now the east of Luyi) was the activity center. King Wu of Zhou, who was granted the title of Shun, was one of the top ten vassal states of Zhou. The spring and Autumn period is still the state of Chen.

During the Warring States period, Chu destroyed Chen in 479 BC and took Chen as the county. In 278 BC, King Qingxiang of Chu moved his capital here, known as "Yingchen" and "Xichu".

After Qin unified the whole country, Chen Jun was set up. In the first year of Qin II (209 BC), Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were in Chen Ding capital, and the state name was "Zhang Chu".

In the early Western Han Dynasty, it was Huaiyang county. In 196 B.C., Emperor Gaodi of the Han Dynasty set up the state of Huaiyang, belonging to the Department of governor of Yuzhou.

Chen county was set up in Wei of the Three Kingdoms, belonging to Yuzhou.

In the early Western Jin Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Jin combined Chen county with Liang state, and Emperor Hui of Jin restored Chen county to Yuzhou.

In the Southern Dynasties and early Song Dynasty, it belonged to Nanliang County of Southern Yuzhou, followed by Chen county and Nandun County, both of which governed Xiang county (now Shenqiu Huaidian). In the Southern Qi Dynasty, Chen and Nantong counties were still set up, and Nantong county was transferred to Nantong. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Chen County, Nandun county and Ruyang County were set up. In the first year of Wuding (543), overseas Chinese set up Danyang county and moling county. Danyang county belongs to North Yangzhou, and both Prefecture and prefecture govern Xiang county (now Shenqiu Huaidian). In the Northern Qi Dynasty, the people did not attach Hou Jing, but changed Yangzhou to Xinzhou. Chen county was set as Xinzhou, and both Prefecture and county governed Xiang county (now Huaiyang county). Huaiyang county was set up to govern Yangxia (now Taikang). Huaiyang county and Danyang county also belonged to Xinzhou. Xinzhou was changed into Chenzhou in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, it was Huaiyang County, belonging to Yuzhou. In 596, Chenzhou and Shenzhou were established, belonging to Yuzhou. In 612, the eighth year of Daye reign of the Sui Dynasty, Huaiyang county was restored to govern wanqiu, and ten counties including wanqiu, Taikang, fule and Xihua were unified.

The first year of Wude (618) of Tang Dynasty restored Chenzhou, the fourth year of Wude (621) restored beichenzhou, zhifugou, Shenzhou, tongxiangcheng and Yingdong counties.

The Five Dynasties inherited the old system.

In 1119, the first year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty, Huaining Prefecture was set up, and five counties including wanqiu, Xihua, Shangshui, Nandun and Xiangcheng were unified, belonging to the northwest road of Beijing.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, Chenzhou was established and five counties were still unified, belonging to Nanjing Road.

In Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Bianliang road in Jiangbei province of Henan Province.

In 1582, six counties, Chenzhou, Shangshui, Xiangcheng, Shenqiu, Xihua, Fugou and Taikang, one Prefecture belonged to Kaifeng Prefecture, and Luyi County (including the northeast part of today's Dancheng county) belonged to guide Prefecture.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Chenzhou was promoted to Zhili Prefecture in 1724, and it was still unified into four counties, belonging to the Department of political envoys in Henan Province. In 1734, it was promoted to Chenzhou Prefecture, which governs Huaining County (now Huaiyang) and governs Huaining, Taikang, Fugou, Xihua, Shangshui, Xiangcheng and Shenqiu counties. Luyi belongs to guide Prefecture, both of which belong to the supervision area of Henan Province.

In May 1912, Huaining County was withdrawn.

On March 1, 1913, Chenzhou Prefecture was abolished and Huaiyang county was set up. The county under the jurisdiction of the former Prefecture and Luyi belong to Henan Province. In November of the same year, the Beiping government abandoned the province to establish the prefecture, and all the counties in the city belonged to bianzhou (Kaifeng was governed by the prefecture).

On May 23, 1914, it was changed to Kaifeng Road in Henan Province.

In August 1932, the Nanjing government set up an administrative supervision district under the province, and Huaiyang was set up as the third administrative supervision district under the former eight counties. In October of the same year, the third administrative supervision district was changed into the seventh administrative supervision district, which still governs eight counties and belongs to Henan Province.

On June 1, 1938, the Japanese army occupied Luyi County. Since then, parts of Taikang, Huaiyang, Fugou and other counties have been occupied by the Japanese and puppets.

In 1949, Huaiyang district was set up, with jurisdiction over Huaiyang, Luyi, Xiangcheng, Shenqiu, Shangshui, Xihua, Fugou, Taikang and Zhoukou (established in January 1948)

In August 1952, Dancheng county was added.

In January 1953, Huaiyang district was abolished. Xihua, Fugou and Shangshui (Zhoukou City was changed into a town under the jurisdiction of a county into Shangshui) belonged to Xuchang District, and the remaining six counties belonged to Shangqiu district.

In December 1958, Shangqiu district was abolished and the six counties in the East were returned to Kaifeng District.

In December 1961, Shangqiu district was restored, and six counties in the East were restored to Shangqiu district.

On June 29, 1965, the document of Henan Provincial People's Committee ([65] Yumin Zi No. 363) analyzed that Xuchang and Shangqiu were two special districts, and some counties set up Zhoukou special district, which was stationed in Zhoukou town (now Chuanhui District), and governed Huaiyang, Luyi, Dancheng, Xiangcheng, Shenqiu, Shangshui, Xihua, Fugou, Taikang nine counties and Zhoukou Town, with 141 communes and 3696 production teams.

On December 31, 1969, Zhoukou district was changed to Zhoukou district.

In October 1980, it added jurisdiction over the Yellow River flood area and the May 22 farm. In the same year, Zhoukou town was changed into Zhoukou City.

On June 8, 2000, according to the document of the State Council (Guo Fa [2000] No. 61), Zhoukou Prefecture and county-level Zhoukou City were abolished and prefecture level Zhoukou City was established. The former county-level Zhoukou City was changed into Chuanhui district.

administrative division

In August 2019, with the approval of the State Council, Huaiyang county will be abolished and Huaiyang District of Zhoukou City will be established. The former administrative region of Huaiyang county will be the administrative region of Huaiyang district. The people's Government of Huaiyang district will be stationed at 130 Zhujia street, Chengguan Hui town.

As of June 2020, Zhoukou has jurisdiction over two municipal districts, one county-level city and seven counties: Chuanhui District, Huaiyang District, Xiangcheng City, Fugou County, Xihua county, Shangshui County, Shenqiu County, Dancheng County, Taikang county and Luyi County. Zhoukou municipal government is located in Chuanhui district.

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geographical environment

Location context

Zhoukou City is located in the eastern Henan Plain, Southeast of Henan Province, between 33 ° 03 '- 34 ° 20' n and 114 ° 05 '- 115 ° 39' e. the city is 135 km wide from north to South and 140 km long from east to west. Zhoukou is adjacent to Fuyang City in Anhui Province in the East, Luohe and Xuchang in the west, Zhumadian in the South and Kaifeng and Shangqiu in the north, with a total area of 11959 square kilometers.

topographic features

The terrain of Zhoukou City is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The altitude is 35.5-64.3 meters. The highest point is in the north of Yinguo in the northwest of Fugou County, and the lowest point is in the southeast of Shenqiu County. In addition to the local undulation of the surface in the area of liuzhentun, Huaiyang County, the natural gradient ranges from 1 / 1000 to 1 / 5000, and the natural gradient ranges from 1 / 5000 to 1 / 7000. It is roughly bounded by the line from Taikang to Zhoukou, with an altitude of 50-64.3 meters in the West and a natural gradient of 1 / 5000-1 / 6000, and an altitude of 35.5-50 meters in the East and a natural gradient of 1 / 6000-1 / 7000. Especially in the east of Dancheng County, the East and southeast of Shenqiu County, and the middle and south of Xiangcheng County, the altitude is below 40 meters, and the terrain is low-lying and prone to waterlogging.

climate

Zhoukou City is located in the middle latitude between Huanghuai. Winter and summer are alternately affected by the atmospheric circulation of Mongolia cold high and Pacific subtropical high, which belong to warm temperate semi humid monsoon climate. It is characterized by cold winter and hot summer, hot rain in the same period, four distinct seasons, long winter and summer, short spring and autumn. It's coldest in January and hottest in July. The distribution of precipitation is uneven, and the variation range of sunshine and temperature is large.

hydrology

Zhoukou City belongs to the Huaihe River Basin, with four water systems: Shaying River, Wohe River, Xifei River and Hongru river. The drainage area of Shaying river system area is 8838 square kilometers, accounting for 76% of the total area, and its main tributaries are Jialu River, Fenquan River, Heihe River, xinyunhe River, Xincai River, etc.; the drainage area of Wohe river system area is 2103 square kilometers, accounting for 18% of the total area, and its main tributaries are Laowo River, Weifu River, Tiedi River, Huiji River, etc.; the drainage area of Xifei river system area is 615 square kilometers, accounting for 5 3%; the drainage area of Hongruhe river system area

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Sheng Zhou Kou Shi