Dezhou City, Shandong Province

Dezhou, referred to as "de" in ancient times, is a prefecture level city in Shandong Province, a transportation hub and economic center in the border area between Hebei and Shandong Province approved by the State Council, and a new energy industry base in Shandong Province. By 2019, the city has two districts, seven counties and two county-level cities under its jurisdiction, with a total area of 10356 square kilometers, a permanent resident population of 5.7485 million and an urban population of 3.0484 million, with an urbanization rate of 53.03%.

Dezhou is located in East China, Northwest Shandong and the alluvial plain of the lower Yellow River. It is the northwest gate of Shandong Province, with Cangzhou City in Hebei Province in the north, Jinan City and Liaocheng City in the south, Hengshui City in Hebei Province in the West and Binzhou City in the East. Dezhou City is an alluvial plain of the Yellow River. In history, there were two great migrations of the Yellow River and thousands of crevasses in Dezhou City, resulting in the topography of high in the southwest and low in the northeast. The basic climate characteristics are that the monsoon has a significant influence, the four seasons are distinct, and the boundary between cold, hot, dry and wet is obvious.

Dezhou is China's Sun City, China's Functional Sugar City, China's excellent tourism city and national transportation hub city. It is located in the intersection area of Bohai rim economic circle, Beijing Tianjin Hebei economic circle, Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone and Yellow River Delta efficient ecological economic zone. Dezhou braised chicken, Jinsixiaozao, Baodian donkey meat, Dezhou heitao and other local specialties are well-known at home and abroad. Among them, Dezhou braised chicken, Baodian donkey meat and Leling Jinsixiaozao are known as Dezhou three treasures.

In September 2016, Dezhou was selected as one of the "top 100 cities in China for people's livelihood development". Dezhou City was listed as the first batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas. In 2018, the national health city (District) was reconfirmed. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Historical evolution

In the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Dezhou belonged to the Youxiang family and the Youqiong family.

After the Qin Dynasty abolished the system of enfeoffment and changed it into the system of prefectures and counties, it was set up in Juxian County, which was abandoned in the Northern Qi Dynasty. Ande county was set up in Han Dynasty, and then Guangchuan, Changhe, Jiangling, Lingzhou, Lingxian and De county were set up in Sui, Tang, song, yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China. Since more than 2200 years of Qin Dynasty, Dezhou has changed its governance six times, with different regions in different periods.

Dezhou belonged to Yanzhou in Xia and Shang Dynasties, and Qi in Western Zhou Dynasty and spring and Autumn period. During the Warring States period, it belonged to Qi and Zhao.

Qin belongs to Qi County, Julu County, Qinghe County and Shanggu county.

Han belongs to Qingzhou plain county, Jinan County, Jizhou Qinghe County, Youzhou Bohai county.

The Three Kingdoms belonged to Wei Dynasty. In the Western Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Pingyuan state, Qinghe state, Leling state, Le'an state and Jinan county.

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, it belonged to ande County, Qinghe County, Pingyuan county and Leling county.

In the Sui Dynasty, Yanzhou plain county, Bohai County, Jizhou Qinghe County and Qingzhou Qi county were under the jurisdiction.

The Tang Dynasty belonged to daodezhou, beizhou, Dizhou and Qizhou of Hebei Province. The Northern Song Dynasty belonged to Hebei East Road and Youjing East Road respectively. Jinshi is located in Shandong West Road, East Road, Hebei East Road and damingfu road.

Yuan belongs to Yannan River North Road, Zhongshu Hejian Road, Jinan road. The Ming Dynasty belonged to Ji Nan Fu, Dongchang Fu and Hejian Fu.

Qingfen belongs to Shandong Jinan, Wuding, Zhili Tianjin and Hejian.

In the early Republic of China, it belonged to Jinan Road, Donglin Road, Wuding Road and Jinhai Road of Zhili Province. In 1928, they were directly under the Shandong and Hebei provincial governments. During the Anti Japanese War, the counties to the east of Jinpu railway were under the leadership of the Communist Party of China in Hebei Shandong border region, Hebei District I, II and III, the counties to the west of Jinpu railway were under the leadership of Southern Hebei, Yundong six special areas and Cangnan special area, and the parts of Qi (Qihe) and Yu (Yucheng) were under the leadership of Hebei Shandong Henan one and four special areas. From the period of the war of liberation to 1949, it belonged to the second special area of Bohai, Luobei, Cangnan and the second special area of Southern Hebei.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, on May 9, 1950, the Administrative Council of the Central People's Government approved the establishment of Dezhou special region (Dezhou Commissioner's office), which was formed by the merger of Cangnan and Luobei special regions in the former Bohai region. At that time, it governed 17 counties (cities) including Wuqiao, Dongguang, Nanpi, Qingyun, Ningjin, Yanshan, Leling, Shanghe, Linyi, Jiyang, Deping, Dexian, Pingyuan, Yucheng, Qihe, Lingxian and Dezhou.

In October 1952, Enxian, Wucheng and Xiajin, which were assigned to Hebei Province in 1950, were assigned back to Dezhou. At the same time, the six counties of Wuqiao, Dongguang, Nanpi, Qingyun, Ningjin and Yanshan, which originally belonged to Hebei Province, were zoned back to Hebei Province. Lingxian county was abolished as De county. From 1956 to 1961, Dezhou district was abolished and merged into Liaocheng district. Leling, Linyi, Shanghe and Jiyang were classified as Huimin District, Qihe, Pingyuan, Yucheng, Xiajin, Wucheng, Dezhou City and Dexian county were classified as Liaocheng district. At the same time, Deping county was abolished and assigned to Linyi, Dexian, Shanghe and Leling respectively; en county was abolished and assigned to Pingyuan, Wucheng and Xiajin respectively. In July 1961, the special district of Dezhou was restored, and Leling, Linyi, Shanghe, Jiyang, Qihe, Pingyuan, Xiajin, Wucheng, Yucheng, Lingxian (changed from De county to Ling county with the approval of the State Council in October 1961) and Dezhou City, which were assigned to Huimin area in 1956, and Liaocheng area, were assigned back to the district. It has jurisdiction over 11 counties (cities).

In December 1964, Ningjin County and Qingyun County, which originally belonged to Hebei Province, were divided into Dezhou Special Administrative Region.

In 1967, Dezhou district was renamed Dezhou district (Dezhou District Administration Office). It has jurisdiction over 13 counties (cities) including Dezhou City, Leling County, Yucheng County, Linyi County, Pingyuan County, Xiajin County, Wucheng County, Qingyun County, Ningjin County, Ling County, Qihe County, Jiyang County and Shanghe county.

On December 22, 1989, with the approval of the State Council, Shanghe and Jiyang counties and Sangzidian, Dawang and Jinjia townships in Qihe County were assigned to Jinan City.

On December 17, 1994, with the approval of the State Council, Dezhou district was abolished, Dezhou City at prefecture level was established, and Dezhou City at county level was changed into Decheng district. The administrative division of the newly built prefecture level Dezhou City is the same as that of the original Dezhou district. In 1998, the provincial Dezhou Economic Development Zone was approved by the people's Government of Shandong Province.

In April 2006, Shandong Provincial People's Government approved the establishment of the provincial Dezhou Canal Economic Development Zone.

On July 21, 2014, with the approval of Shandong Provincial People's government, Yucheng high tech Industrial Development Zone was renamed Dezhou high tech Industrial Development Zone, which was officially listed in December of that year.

In October 2014, with the approval of the State Council, Lingxian county was abolished and Lingcheng District of Dezhou City was established. Lingcheng District People's government is located at No. 155, Zhongxing Road, Linqi sub district office.

administrative division

As of July 2018, Dezhou has jurisdiction over Decheng District, Lingcheng District, Yucheng City, Leling City, Linyi County, Pingyuan County, Xiajin County, Wucheng County, Qingyun County, Ningjin County, Qihe County and other 2 districts, 7 counties, 2 county-level cities, 27 streets, 91 towns and 16 townships. The Municipal People's government is located at 1566 Dongfeng East Road, Decheng district.

geographical environment

Location context

Dezhou City is located in the northwest of Shandong Province, on the north side of the lower Yellow River, between 115 ° 45 ′ - 117 ° 36 ′ E and 36 ° 24 ′ 25 ″ - 38 ° 0 ′ 32 ″ n. Zhangweixin River in the north, Cangzhou City in Hebei Province; Weiyun canal in the west, Hengshui City in Hebei Province; Liaocheng City in the southwest; Jinan City across the Yellow River in the South; Binzhou City in the East. It is 320 kilometers away from the capital Beijing. The territory is 200 kilometers wide from east to west and 175 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of 10356 square kilometers, accounting for 7.55% of the total area of Shandong Province.

topographic features

Dezhou is an alluvial plain of the Yellow River. In history, there were two great migrations of the Yellow River and thousands of crevasses in Dezhou, which created the topography of high in the southwest and low in the northeast. Due to flooding and velocity, and wind accumulation, the plain is characterized by undulation, alternate distribution of hills, slopes and depressions. Dezhou City has many landforms, which can be roughly divided into three types: the first is highland type, which is composed of river and riverbed deposits, accounting for 34.3% of the total land area; the second is slope type, which is composed of yellow flood deposits, accounting for 52.1% of the total land area; the third is depression type, accounting for 13.6%.

climate

The basic climate characteristics of Dezhou City are that the monsoon has significant influence, four seasons are distinct, the boundary between cold and hot is obvious, the spring is dry and windy, the summer is hot and rainy, the autumn is cool and sunny, the winter is cold and less snow and more dry. Light resources are abundant. The annual average sunshine hours is 2592 hours, the sunshine rate is 60%, and the total solar radiation is 124.8 kcal / cm2. In terms of time distribution, the highest is in May and June, with 280 hours of moonlight and 9 hours of daily average. The amount of light radiation can reach 15 kcal / cm2. The annual average temperature of Dezhou City is 12.9 ℃. The extreme maximum temperature was 43.4 ℃ (July 23, 1955), and the extreme minimum temperature was - 27 ℃ (January 15, 1958). The average frost free period in Dezhou City is 208 days, generally from March 29 to October 24. There is a big difference between counties. The longest frost free period in Wucheng county is 225 days, and the difference between East and West is nearly a month.

The annual average precipitation of Dezhou City is 547.5mm, which is more in the east than in the west, and more in the South than in the north. The time distribution of precipitation is the most in July, the average precipitation in Dezhou is 190mm, and the minimum precipitation in January is only 3.5mm. According to season, spring accounts for 12.8%, summer 67.7%, autumn 16.9% and winter only 2.6%.

hydrology

The main trans provincial rivers in Dezhou include the Yellow River, weiyunhe River and Zhangweixin River; the main drainage channels are Tuhai River, Dehui River and Majia river. Except for the Yellow River, all the above rivers belong to the southern Haihe River Basin. In addition to the above-mentioned inter provincial and inter city rivers, there are more than 1000 square kilometers in the city

Chinese PinYin : Shan Dong Sheng De Zhou Shi