Fuzhou City, Fujian Province

Fuzhou, also known as Rongcheng, is the capital of Fujian Province, one of the central cities of the Economic Zone on the west side of the Taiwan Strait approved by the State Council, and a riverside ecological garden city. By 2019, the city has six districts, six counties and one county-level city, with a total area of 11968 square kilometers, a built-up area of 416 square kilometers, a permanent resident population of 7.8 million, and an urbanization rate of 70.5%.

Fuzhou is located in East China, East Fujian, the lower reaches of Minjiang River and coastal areas. It is an important coastal city in Southeast China, one of the first open coastal cities in China, a demonstration area for marine economic development, a gateway of Maritime Silk Road and a part of China (Fujian) pilot free trade zone. It is the first five open ports in modern China It is one of the ports of Commerce.

Fuzhou is a national famous historical and cultural city. It was first named "Ye" in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and then renamed "Fuzhou" because of a Fukuyama in its territory. Founded in 202 B.C., the city has long been the political center of Fujian. Fuzhou Mawei is the cradle of modern Chinese Navy and the birthplace of Chinese shipping culture. It has won the titles of China's excellent tourist city, National Health City, Riverside Ecological Garden City, national environmental protection model city, national double support model city and national civilized city.

In 2020, Fuzhou's GDP will reach 1002.002 billion yuan, an increase of 5.1% over the previous year.

Fuzhou has a long history. From the Tanshishan culture in the late Neolithic period to the Huangtulun type of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in the Central Plains, it shows that the ancestors of the Min nationality have been engaged in fishing, hunting, collecting, or primitive farming, using stone tools such as grinded stone, stone axe, stone knife, etc., and have mastered the production techniques of textile, pottery, etc., as well as the corresponding decorative arts. During the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, Fujian ancestors and the descendants of Gou Jian, king of Yue, merged to form the local power of Fujian and Yue. In 1992, 1998 and 1999, the Han Dynasty cultural accumulation layer was found at the infrastructure construction site at the west entrance of Qiantang lane, Guping Road, Pingshan vegetable market, and the infrastructure construction site of ouyechipan provincial finance department. The Han Dynasty cultural accumulation layer includes the Han Dynasty dragon and phoenix pattern tile, Wansui pattern tile, cloth pattern brick, tube tile, plate tile accumulation and building site. At the same time, the Han Dynasty city site remains were found in the ancient town of Xindian It provides new material evidence for the records of Yecheng, the capital of Fujian and Vietnam in Shiji.

Since Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty pacified Fujian and Vietnam and moved people between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, Fuzhou, a prosperous local Kingdom, once withered and declined. In the third year of Taikang in the Jin Dynasty (282), the prefect Yan Gao built Zicheng and dug West Lake and East Lake to irrigate the farmland; in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Yiguan gentry and the common people moved southward, and many surnamed Ju clans came to Fujian, which brought advanced production technology and culture in the Central Plains and promoted the recovery and development of Fuzhou's economy and culture. Many tombs of the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties were found in the suburbs of Fuzhou. In 1982, more than 3000 artifacts were unearthed from the Huai'an kiln site in Fuzhou, and some kiln wares with the style of the Southern Dynasties were found. In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725) of Tang Dynasty, Fuzhou was promoted to be the governor's office. The government was located in the city of Fuzhou (today's Guping Road). The name of Fuzhou has been used ever since. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Shen was in charge of Fujian and established the state of Fujian. He built Luocheng and Jiacheng in the north and the South outside Zicheng, crossed Wang mountain (Pingshan) in the north, surrounded Jiuxian mountain (Yushan) and Wushi mountain in the south, and dug trenches around the south, East and west of Luocheng, which laid a unique urban pattern of "three mountains facing each other and one water circulating".

In the second year of song Zhiping (1065), Zhang Boyu knew Fuzhou and planted banyan trees in his family, which made Fuzhou known as "banyan city". After that, Cai Xiang, Cheng SHIMENG, Zeng Gong, Zhao Ruyu, Liang Kejia, Xin Qiji and many other celebrities successively took charge of Fuzhou, worked hard to promote economic and cultural development, and Fuzhou thus enjoyed the reputation of "Zou Lu on the seashore". At the end of Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, Fuzhou became the temporary capital twice. After the Opium War, Fuzhou was opened up as one of the five ports of trade; with the rise of Westernization Movement, Fuzhou shipping became the cradle of modern Chinese Navy, and also one of the cradles of modern Chinese culture, education, science and technology talents.

From ancient times to the southern and Northern Dynasties

According to archaeological excavation, the Neolithic culture of Fuzhou can be traced back to the keqiutou culture of Pingtan in 5000 BC and the Tanshishan culture of Minhou in 3000 BC. During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the titles of "Baiyue" and "Minyue" began to appear in Chinese historical records. According to the records of Geography in Han Dynasty, "from Jiaozhi to Kuaiji, there are different castes in Baiyue.". During this period, the residents of Fuzhou were ancient min people or Min Yue people. After the fall of the state of Yue in 306 B.C., some of the nobles who fled south merged with the local residents of Fuzhou. In 222 BC, Minzhong prefecture (now Fuzhou is subordinate to it) was set up in the Qin Dynasty. In the fifth year of emperor Gaodi of Han Dynasty (202 BC), wuzhu was officially granted the title of king of Minyue. Today, the capital of Yecheng in Yeshan area of Fuzhou, also known as Dongye, is the beginning of the construction of Fuzhou. In the first year of Yuanfeng (110 BC), the Han Dynasty destroyed Minyue state, and some Minyue people were forced to migrate to Jianghuai area, which led to the decline of Yecheng. It was not until the second year of Shiyuan (85 BC) that ye county was established here. During the Three Kingdoms period, Fuzhou was one of the shipbuilding centers of Soochow. Yan Gao, the first prefect of Jin'an County in the Taikang period of Jin Dynasty, built the sub city of Fuzhou, excavated the East Lake, West Lake and canal (i.e. Jin'an River), and laid the foundation for the later Fuzhou City. In 308 (the second year of Yongjia), that is, at the time of "Wu Hu Luan Hua", Jin'an County became an important settlement for Han immigrants from the Central Plains who came to Fujian with eight surnames.

Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the political and economic center of Fujian was transferred from Northern Fujian to Fuzhou. In 725, the original name of minzhou was changed to Fuzhou, and the name of Fuzhou began. After the Mid Tang Dynasty, Fuzhou made great progress in economy, culture and education. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the Central Plains was in turmoil, and the Han people in the North continued to immigrate to Fujian. In the sixth year of Qianfu (879), Fuzhou City was once occupied by the Huangchao army. In the first year of Jingfu (893), Wang Chao, Wang Shenzhi's Guangzhou army and Shouzhou army occupied Fuzhou, unified Fujian with Fuzhou as a stronghold, created the state of Fujian, and brought a tide of immigrants from the Central Plains. In the third year of Kaiping (909), Wang Shenzhi established the state of Fujian and established Fuzhou as its capital. Fujian was destroyed by the Southern Tang Dynasty in the third year of Baoda (945). In the fourth year of Kaiyun (947), Wu Yue defeated the warlord Li Hongyi and controlled Fuzhou until the Northern Song Dynasty annexed Wu Yue and occupied Fuzhou in the third year of Taiping Xingguo (978).

Fuzhou was very prosperous in the Five Dynasties. Wushan, Yushan and Pingshan were surrounded by the expansion of the city. From then on, Fuzhou was also named "three mountains". At that time, the development of Buddhism in Fuzhou was also very rapid. The earliest existing wooden building in southern China, the main hall of Hualin temple, was built in this period. Fuzhou ethnic group also gradually formed in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties.

Song and Yuan Dynasties

Song Dynasty is the golden age in Fuzhou history, with population, economy and culture reaching a peak. In the seventh year of Kaibao (974) and the second year of Xining (1069), Qian Yu and Cheng SHIMENG successively expanded the city. Qingli four years (1044) Cai Xiang Fuzhou Zhizhou period Daxing water conservancy. In the second year of Zhiping (1065), Zhang Boyu, the prefect of Fuzhou, planted banyan trees all over Fuzhou. The urban inland water network system of Fuzhou was also formed in the Song Dynasty. Fuzhou was one of the six major cities in Song Dynasty with a large population and prosperous economy. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the population exceeded 590000, of which the population in the city exceeded 100000. In Song Dynasty, Fuzhou's agriculture was highly developed, and it was also the center of shipbuilding industry in Song Dynasty. In terms of culture, there were 10 number one scholars in literature, 11 number one scholars in martial arts and 2247 Jinshi in Fuzhou during the Song Dynasty. Fujian was the province with the most number one scholars in China, and Fuzhou accounted for the majority of Fujian, which established the leading position of Fuzhou in imperial examination culture and education in China.

In 1276, after the Mongol army captured Lin'an, Zhao Shi, King Yi of the Southern Song Dynasty, took Fuzhou as his capital and changed his name to Jingyan. In November, the Mongol army captured Fuzhou and Zhao Shi fled south by sea. Fuzhou was the capital of Fujian Province for most of the Yuan Dynasty. From 1359 to 1362, the army of Yisi fahang was in chaos, and Yisi Baxi army once occupied Fuzhou. In 1368, the army of Ming Dynasty occupied Fuzhou.

Ming and Qing Dynasties

Fuzhou has been the capital of Fujian since Ming Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, Fuzhou developed shipbuilding industry and advanced navigation technology. In the 29th year of Hongwu (1396), the 36th surname of Fuzhou began to move to Ryukyu. Zheng He's fleet chose Taiping port in Changle County as its berthing base, material acquisition site and the starting point for sailing to the West. Many scholars believe that Zheng He's treasure ships are Fuzhou made Fu ships (representative of ancient wooden seagoing ships), while a large number of capable Fuzhou sailors are active in Zheng He's fleet. Since then, Fuzhou's overseas trade has gradually recovered, and in 1474, it became the seat of Fujian municipal shipping department. Fuzhou is also the hub of communication between China and Ryukyu. Rouyuan post in Fuzhou is specially used to receive Ryukyu envoys and merchants.

During the reign of Jiajing, the Japanese invaders were seriously attacked in Fuzhou. Qi Jiguang had twice entered Fujian to pacify the Japanese invaders. Since the late Ming Dynasty, the European countries such as Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands and Italy had more frequent contacts with Fuzhou. At the end of the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), he introduced Catholicism to Fuzhou. In the first year of Longwu (1645), Zhu Yujian, king of the Ming and Tang Dynasties, established the capital of Fuzhou and became emperor. In the second year of Longwu (1646), the Qing army defeated the Longwu regime and occupied Fuzhou.

In the early Qing Dynasty, the Qing army and Zheng Chenggong once waged a seesaw war on the boundary of Fuzhou. From 1674 to 1676, Geng Jingzhong fought against the Qing Dynasty according to Fuzhou. The turbulent situation led to the Qing government's implementation of the policy of banning the sea and moving the border, which forced the coastal residents of Fuzhou to move in, seriously damaged the social economy of Fuzhou coastal areas, until the abolition of the policy of moving the border in 1684. bright

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