Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province

Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is a National Autonomous Prefecture under the jurisdiction of Yunnan Province. It is located in the southeast of Yunnan Province on the southwest border of China. It borders Baise City in Guangxi in the East, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the south, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture in the West and Qujing City in the north. As of 2017, Wenshan Prefecture has jurisdiction over seven counties, namely Wenshan City, Yanshan County, Xichou County, Malipo County, Maguan County, Qiubei County, Guangnan County and Funing County, and Wenshan city is the capital of the prefecture.

As early as 50000 years ago, human beings lived and multiplied in Wenshan Prefecture. In 111 BC, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty set up prefectures and prefectures here; Guangnan Prefecture and Kaihua prefecture were set up in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

On December 13, 2018, Wenshan Prefecture was selected into the list of agricultural products advantage zones with Chinese characteristics.

Historical evolution

Cultural relics and archaeological materials in Wenshan prove that human beings lived, multiplied and developed in the Neolithic period. Stone grinding tools found along the Panlong River and axes, hoes, spears, forks and chisels in the bronze age are highly consistent with Yunnan culture and Yelang Culture.

After the Qin Dynasty unified China in 221 BC, it became a part of a multi-ethnic country.

In the sixth year of Yuanding (111 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che developed the southwest frontier and ordered Chiyi marquis to lead troops to invade the southwest, and then set up qunge, Yueyu and other counties. Pange County governs 17 counties, 11 of which are in the southeast of Yunnan. Today, Wenshan, Yanshan and Maguan counties belong to Jinsang County, Xichou and Malipo to Dumeng County, Qiubei to Tanfeng County, and Guangnan and Funing to gouting county. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wenshan Prefecture was still under the jurisdiction of Jue county. Among them, Wenshan, Yanshan, Maguan, Xichou and Malipo belonged to Jincheng County, Qiubei to Tanfeng County, and Guangnan and Funing to gouting county.

In the spring of 225, the third year of Jianxing in Shu Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang led his troops to pacify Yizhou, Yuesong, qunge and Yongchang. After that, the four counties were transformed into seven counties, Jianning, Zhuti, Yunnan, Yongchang, Xinggu, Yueyi and Yongchang, subordinate to the governor. The eight counties in jinwenshan Prefecture are under the jurisdiction of Jincheng county (Wenshan, Maguan, Xichou, Malipo), TANFENG county (Qiubei), and gouting county (Guangnan, Funing).

In the sixth year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty (270), ningzhou was set up to lead nanzhong 7 counties. In the third year of Taikang (282), ningzhou was abolished and incorporated into Yizhou, and Nanyi Xiaowei was set up. In 303, the second year of Tai'an, ningzhou was restored. There were 19 states in the country, forming a three-level system of state, county and county. The counties of jinwenshan Prefecture are Jincheng county (Wenshan, Yanshan, Maguan), Duzhen county (Xichou, Malipo), TANFENG county (Qiubei), gouting county (Guangnan, Funing).

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, ningzhou was further divided into 17 counties. The counties of Wenshan Prefecture were divided into gouting county (Guangnan and Funing) of Xinggu County, Xi'an county (Xichou and Malipo), TANFENG county (Qiubei) of Liangshui County, and Xinfeng and Jian'an county (Wenshan, Yanshan and Maguan).

During the two hundred years from the third year of Yonghe (347) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the first year of Dading (581) in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, wars were frequent, and the Cuan family, the great surname of nanzhong, became the dominant base, and the establishment of prefectures and counties was often changed. After Sui Dynasty unified the whole country, jinwenshan Prefecture was under the jurisdiction of Nanning Prefecture. In 584, the fourth year of kaihuang reign of Sui Dynasty, the general manager's office was abolished and the system of prefectures and counties was changed to the system of prefectures and counties. Kunzhou, Gongzhou and Xiezhou were set up and the ancient counties were abolished. Jinwenshan Prefecture belongs to kunzhou.

In the early Tang Dynasty, the governor's office of Nanning Prefecture (Qujing) was set up. Jinwenshan Prefecture was divided into Yanzhou, tangwangzhou, Guiwu, zoolong, Yingzhou, Shengzhou and Qinzhou. In the late Tang Dynasty (Nanzhao), today Wenshan, Yanshan, Xichou, Malipo, Maguan and Qiubei were under the jurisdiction of Tonghai Dudu, while Guangnan and Funing were under the jurisdiction of Annam Duhufu of Lingnan Xidao (yesuo Yongzhou).

In the Song Dynasty, except for the present Guangnan and Funing counties, which belong to the West Guangnan Road, temodao of Guangyuan prefecture (now Guilin, Guangxi) and Zuojiang road of Guangyuan prefecture (now Nanning, Guangxi), the other six counties belong to the most peaceful town (Qiubei), wanglongshan (part of Wenshan County), Jiaohe (bazhai, Maguan County, Gumu, Wenshan County) and inika within the Dali regime（ Maguan, Xichou, Malipo).

From the Yuan Dynasty to the 11th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1274), Yunnan Province was set up as a provincial and administrative region, including Lu, Fu and Xian. In 1275 and 1277, Xuanfu Department of Guangnan West Road was set up to govern Guangnan County. In the 15th year of Zhiyuan (1278), it was renamed xuanweisi of Guangnan West Road and later xuanfusi, which governs Guangnan and Funing.

Today, Wenshan county is under the jurisdiction of Jiaohe. Maguan, Xichou and Malipo are under the jurisdiction of inika, which is under the jurisdiction of Ningyuan Prefecture. Yuandade four years (1300), now Qiubei County under the Guangxi Road (now Luxi) Weimo state. Guangnan and Funing are still under the jurisdiction of Xuanfu Department of Guangnan West Road. Wenshan is the place where the three branches of religion are united. Maguan, Xichou and Malipo are the branches of inika, which belong to Ningyuan Prefecture.

In the 15th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1382), the Xuanfu division of Guangnan West Road was changed into Guangnan Prefecture, which governs Guangnan and Funing counties. Lin'an road was changed into Lin'an Prefecture, which has jurisdiction over the education and education department (Wenshan, Yanshan) and bazhai Department (Maguan, Malipo). Qiubei County belongs to Weimo Prefecture of Guangxi.

In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667) of the Qing Dynasty, on the basis of pacifying the chieftains of Jiaohua, Kumu, bazhai, Wanglong and other chieftains and uniting with all the chieftains in southern Yunnan to fight against the Qing Dynasty, the chieftains changed the land and returned to Liu. Kaihua Prefecture was set up with the three chieftains of Jiaohua, Wanglong and Annan, which governed Kaihua, Annan, Wanglong, Fengchun, Yongping, Dong'an, Jiangna and lelongbali. The former Guangnan Prefecture governs Guangnan and Funing. Qiubei is still subordinate to Weimo Prefecture of Guangxi. In the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), Weimo Prefecture of Guangxi Prefecture was abolished, and part of its jurisdiction was divided into Guangnan Prefecture and Kaihua Prefecture.

In July of 1730, the eighth year of Emperor Yongzheng of Qing Dynasty, Ma Bai Tongzhi and Fu Guo of Wenshan County were added to Kaihua Prefecture. Kaihua Prefecture governs fengchunli (Gumu Township and Yijing township of Wenshan County), donganli (Xichou County and Malipo County), yongpingli (bazhai town and Hekou city of Maguan County); Fuguo of Wenshan County governs kaihuali (Kaihua Town, Panzhihua Township, Zhuilijie Township, Pingba Township and Xigu township), wangnongli (Laolong Township and Xiaojie township of Wenshan County) In this paper, the author analyzes the causes of the formation of Yanshan County, and puts forward some suggestions for the development of Yanshan County, such as the construction of yuelongli (now Dehou Township, Hongdian Township, Binglie Township, Matang Township, Xigu Township and Bazin township), annanli (now lesichong Township and Laozhai area of Mengzi County), and Jiangna (now Yanshan County).

In the second year of Qianlong (1737) of Qing Dynasty, Guangnan Prefecture added Baoning County as its subsidiary state, and now Guangnan County as its governing seat. In 1820, Anping Hall (now Maguan) was set up in Kaihua Prefecture, which governs Fengchun, Dongan and Yongping.

In the third year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1823), Jiangna (today's Yanshan) was added to Wenshan County, where the county magistrate was in charge of Jiangna. In the 20th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1840), Qiubei County was chengshengzheng County, subordinate to Guangxi. Guangxu 13 years (1887), set up Lin'an Kaiguang Road, jurisdiction Lin'an, Kaihua, Guangnan three government. In the same year, the special article on boundary affairs between China and France stipulated that the Nanshan areas such as Dulong in Maguan County and Nanwenhe in Malipo County should be returned to China, and the Department of Renli and Anping should be set up. In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), mengdongshan and the three villages of mengdongshang, Zhongxia in Malipo are under the jurisdiction of Renli. In 1897, Malipo and Hekou (then Anping Hall) were set up.

In 1913, Kaihua Prefecture was abolished, Wenshan County was named Kaihua County, and Qiubei County was named Wucao county. Guangnan Prefecture was abolished and renamed Guangnan County; Fu Zhou Department was changed into Fu Zhou county; Anping department was changed into Anping County. In 1914, the name of fuwenshan county was changed from Malipo's deputy office of negotiation to Malipo's office of flood control special area, directly under the governor's office of Yunnan Province. Anping County was renamed Maguan County, and the original jurisdiction of donganli was changed into Pulan administrative office, which governs Xisha and Chouyang, and is subordinate to Maguan County. In 1915, Guangnan County set up a county in vimo. In 1920, Xisha and Chouyang were set up by Maguan County, named Xichou County. In 1932, the two counties of Jiangna and xiaoweimo merged and set up Yanshan Administrative Bureau,

In 1935, the county was renamed Yanshan County. In 1937, Fuzhou county was renamed Funing County. In 1942, Wenshan County, Yanshan County, Xichou County, Maguan County, Pingbian County, Qiubei County, Guangnan County and Funing County were subordinate to the second administrative supervision district of Yunnan Province. The county seat was located in Wenshan County, known as the second administrative supervision office of Yunnan Province. In 1946, the office of the second district administrative inspector of Yunnan Province was renamed the office of the fourth district administrative inspector and security commander of Yunnan Province.

In 1949, the national government was on the verge of extinction, and the people's armed forces led by the Communist Party of China successively liberated Wenshan area and established the people's democratic regime. In February 1949, Guangnan County, Xichou County and Maguan County established people's democratic regime; in March, malippo county established people's democratic regime; in April, Wenshan County, Yanshan County and Qiubei County established people's democratic government; in June, Funing County established people's democratic government; in December, Hekou County liberated and established people's democratic government. In June, the Southeast Yunnan administrative Commissioner's office was established in Xisha, Xichou County.

On January 7, 1950, Wenshan County was liberated, and the Southeast Yunnan administrative Commissioner's office was stationed in Wenshan County. In March, it was renamed Wenshan District Commissioner's office.

On April 1, 1958, with the approval of the State Council, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture was established to implement regional ethnic autonomy. The office of the Commissioner of Wenshan special region was renamed the people's Committee of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.

In September 1968, with the approval of the Yunnan Provincial Revolutionary Committee, the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Revolutionary Committee was established, and the counties also successively established revolutionary committees.

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