Meizhou City, Guangdong Province

Meizhou, a prefecture level city in Guangdong Province, is located in the northeast of Guangdong Province, at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces. It borders Longyan and Zhangzhou in Fujian Province in the East, Chaozhou, Jieyang and Shanwei in the south, Heyuan in the West and Ganzhou in Jiangxi Province in the north. It has jurisdiction over Meijiang district, Meixian District, Pingyuan County, Jiaoling County, Dapu County, Fengshun County and Wuhua County, and takes charge of Xingning City. The total area is 15864.50 square kilometers. At the end of 2019, 5 million 458 thousand and 500 registered residence population.

Meizhou is the former Central Soviet Area and the old revolutionary base area. It is a regional central city along the border of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, a national ecological civilization construction experimental area, a leading area of green rise in Guangdong, a cultural tourism characteristic area, and a coastal economic open area. It is also an important member of the West Coast Economic Zone and enjoys local legislative power.

Meizhou is not only the last destination for Hakkas to move south, but also the main starting point for Hakkas to spread all over the world since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are more than 9 million overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in Meizhou, which is the key hometown of overseas Chinese in China and one of the important places for compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Of the 5 million Hakkas in Taiwan, 1.8 million are from Meizhou. In 2013, the China (Meizhou) immigration Memorial Plaza, the only immigration Memorial project in China set up by UNESCO, was completed in Songkou Town, Meixian district. The world overseas Chinese immigration exhibition hall also officially opened, and the CCTV Mid Autumn Festival party was successfully held in 2013.

Meizhou is a famous historical and cultural city in China, an excellent tourist city in China, and the most representative Hakka settlement in the world. It is known as the "Hakka capital of the world". It is the hometown of Marshal Ye Jianying, a famous old revolutionary base, and a cross-strait exchange base. It is China's famous hometown of culture, overseas Chinese, football, general, Han music, hot springs, longevity, pomelo, Hakka cuisine, folk songs, Dancong tea, Camellia oleifera and Chinese poetry. In 2020, it won the title of "longevity capital of the world".

Historical evolution

Meizhou, a famous city in eastern Guangdong

When Yugong was divided into nine states, Meizhou belonged to the south of Yangzhou. In the spring and Autumn period, it belonged to Qimin, in the Warring States period, it belonged to Yue and Chu, and in the Qin and Han Dynasties, it belonged to Longchuan County and Jieyang County of Nanhai county. At the end of Qin Dynasty, when Zhao Tuo became king, he belonged to Nanyue state.

In the Three Kingdoms and two Jin Dynasties, Longchuan County and Jieyang county (Haiyang county) belonged to Dongguan county respectively. In the first year of Yongming (483), Haiyang county was established as Chengxiang county. In Sui and Tang Dynasties, it belonged to Xunzhou (Longchuan County) and Yian county (also known as Chaoyang County or Chaozhou).

In the third year of Qianhe (945), the second year of Kaiyun in the Late Jin Dynasty, Chengxiang was promoted to Jingzhou and led Chengxiang county. This is the beginning of the establishment of Meizhou Prefecture.

In the fourth year of Kaibao of Song Dynasty (971), the name of "Jingzhou" was changed to "Meizhou" to avoid the taboo of Zhao Jing, the grandfather of song Taizu. In 1073, Meizhou was abolished and Chengxiang county was subordinate to Chaozhou; in 1082, Meizhou was restored and Chengxiang county still belonged to Guangnan East Road; in 1136, Shaoxing was restored and Chengxiang county was subordinate to Chaozhou; in 1144, Shaoxing was restored and Chengxiang county still belonged to Guangnan East Road.

In 1279, Meizhou was changed into "Meizhou road" and the general manager's office was set up. In the 23rd year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty, Meizhou was restored, belonging to the propaganda and consolation Department of Guangdong Road in Jiangxi Province. In the first year of Yuanzhen (1295), it was subordinate to Chaozhou road; in the fifth year of Yanyou (1318), it was changed to the xuanweishi Department of Guangdong Road in Zhili.

In the second year of Hongwu (1369) of the Ming Dynasty, Chengxiang county was abolished as the state capital of Chaozhou.

In 1733, Chengxiang was promoted to "Jiaying Prefecture", which was subordinate to Jiadao, Huichao, Guangdong Province. Its jurisdiction includes Chengxiang, Pingyuan, Zhenping and the five counties of Xingning and Changle that were previously governed by Huizhou government, which are called "Jiaying five genera". In 1807, Jiaying Prefecture was promoted to Jiaying Prefecture. In the 17th year of Jiaqing, Jiaying Prefecture was restored, still leading Xingning, Changle, Pingyuan and Zhenping counties. In 1911, Jiaying Prefecture was renamed Meizhou.

Former residence of Singapore Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew and other celebrities

In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), the system of state capital was abolished, and Meizhou was renamed Meixian, which was subordinate to chaoxun. In 1925, it was subordinate to Dongjiang administrative region. In 1925, it was renamed Suining District of eastern Guangdong. In 1936, it was subordinate to the sixth administrative supervision district of Guangdong Province. In 1949, the sixth administrative supervision district was changed to the ninth administrative supervision district.

In October 1949, Xingmei district was set up;

On January 26, 1950, the office of Xingmei administrative inspector was set up, which has jurisdiction over Meixian County, Xingning County, Dapu County, Fengshun County, Wuhua County, Pingyuan county and Jiaoling County;

In December 1952, Xingmei district was abolished, and seven counties of Xingmei were transferred to eastern Guangdong administrative region;

In February 1956, the eastern Guangdong administrative region was divided into Huiyang District and Shantou District, and Xingmei County belonged to Shantou district.

In July 1965, Meixian district was established. The original Xingmei 7 county was separated from Shantou district and belonged to Meixian district. Later, it was changed into Meixian district.

In March 1979, Meizhou Town, formerly under the jurisdiction of Meixian County, was upgraded from district level to county level, which is called Meizhou city. Meixian Prefecture governs seven counties and one city.

In June 1983, Meizhou city and Meixian County were merged into Meixian City, and Meixian area was changed from 7 counties and 1 city to 6 counties and 1 city.

In January 1988, Guangdong implemented the system of city governing county. Meixian district was changed to Meizhou City, which has jurisdiction over 7 counties of Xingmei and Meijiang district, a newly designated county-level District, with a total of 7 counties and 1 district.

In August 1992, the State Council listed Meizhou as a coastal economic open zone.

In October 1992, Meizhou Economic Development Experimental Zone (later renamed Guangdong Meizhou Economic Development Zone) was established.

In January 1994, the State Council listed Meizhou as a national historical and cultural city.

In June 1994, Xingning was set up as a city (county level) instead of a county. Meizhou governs Meijiang, Meixian, Dapu, Fengshun, Wuhua, Pingyuan and Jiaoling, and takes charge of Xingning.

In November 2013, the State Council officially approved the abolition of Meizhou county and the establishment of Meixian district. The newly established administrative region of Meixian district is the former administrative region of Meixian County, and the government's residence remains unchanged.

Meizhou

administrative division

By 2014, Meizhou had jurisdiction over two municipal districts, five counties and one county-level city.

geographical environment

Location context

Meizhou is located in the northeast of Guangdong Province, bordering Wuping County, Shanghang County, Yongding County and Pinghe County of Fujian Province in the East, Chaoan district and Raoping County of Chaozhou City, Jiedong district and Jiexi County of Jieyang City and Luhe County of Shanwei City in the south, Longchuan County and Zijin County of Heyuan City in Guangdong Province in the West and Xunwu County of Jiangxi Province in the north.

Meizhou lies between 115 ° 18 ′ e to 116 ° 56 ′ E and 23 ° 23 ′ n to 24 ° 56 ′ n. The center of the city is 116 degrees 6 minutes east longitude and 24 degrees 33 minutes north latitude. The administrative area of the city is 15925 square kilometers.

geology

The geological structure of Meizhou is relatively complex, which is mainly composed of granite, extrusive rock, metamorphic rock, sand shale, red rock and limestone. There are five geomorphic types: platform, hill, mountain, terrace and plain. The city's mountainous area accounts for 24.3%; hills and terraces account for 56.6%; plains account for 13.7%; rivers and reservoirs account for 5.4%.

landforms

mountain range

Meizhou is located in the south of Wuling mountains. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The mountain system is mainly composed of Wuyi Mountains, Lianhua mountains and Fenghuang mountains. There are more than 140 peaks over 1000 meters above sea level. Tongguzhang, located in Fengshun County, is the highest peak in Meizhou with an altitude of 1560 meters.

basin

The main basins in Meizhou are Xingning basin, covering an area of about 400 square kilometers; Meijiang basin, covering an area of more than 200 square kilometers; Jiaoling basin, covering an area of 100 square kilometers; tangkeng basin, covering an area of 100 square kilometers.

climate

Meizhou belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone, which is the transition zone between the south subtropical and the middle subtropical climate zone. Taking the chayang of Dapu passing through Songkou, Jiaoling, Jiaocheng, Shizheng of Pingyuan and Gangbei of Xingning of Meixian as the dividing line, the north of Pingyuan, Jiaoling and Meixian is the middle subtropical climate zone, and the south of Wuhua, Xingning, Dapu and Pingyuan, Jiaoling and Meixian is the south subtropical climate zone.

Meizhou is located in low latitude, close to the South China Sea. Affected by the specific topography of the Pacific Ocean and mountains, Meizhou has long summer and short winter. It has high temperature, wide cold and hot disparity, sufficient light, blocked air flow, abundant and concentrated rain all year round.

hydrology

The main rivers in Meizhou are Hanjiang River, 470 km long (343 km long in Meizhou), with a drainage area of 30112 km2 (14691 km2 in Meizhou); Meijiang river, 307 km long (271 km long in Meizhou), with a drainage area of 14061 km2 (10888 km2 in Meizhou); Tingjiang River, 323 km long (55 km long in Meizhou), with a drainage area of 11802 km2 There are also Qinjiang River, Wuhua River, Ningjiang River, Chengjiang River, shikuhe River, Meitan River, Songyuan River, Fengliang River, etc. In addition, the Dongjiang River also flows along the border of Xingning City in the northwest of the city, with a length of 24.8 km and a drainage area of 260 square kilometers in Meizhou.

Meizhou: a thousand year old city

natural resources

mineral resources

Meizhou has a wide range of mineral resources and a broad development prospect. 48 kinds of coal, iron, copper, manganese, lead, zinc, silver, antimony, rare earth, limestone, granite, marble and more than 530 deposits have been proved. Among them, the reserves of coal are 270 million tons, accounting for the second place in the province; the reserves of manganese and iron account for 20% and 30% of the province respectively. Rare earth in Wuhua, copper in Meixian, limestone in Jiaoling, porcelain clay in Dapu, coal in Xingning and iron in Pingyuan are famous for their abundant reserves and high grade.

Water resources

Chinese PinYin : Guang Dong Sheng Mei Zhou Shi