Qujing City, Yunnan Province

Qujing Qujing is a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Yunnan Province. It is located in the east of Yunnan Province, at the source of the Pearl River, at the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces. It is adjacent to Xingyi City of Guizhou Province in the East, Honghe Prefecture of Wenshan Prefecture in the South, Kunming City in the West and Zhaotong City in the north. It is known as "key of Yunnan and Guizhou" and "throat of Yunnan". It is 120 km away from Kunming, the provincial capital, with an area of 28900 square kilometers, It accounts for 13.63% of the total area of Yunnan Province. Qujing City governs one city, three districts and five counties. By the end of 2019, the permanent resident population of Qujing City is 6.1777 million, and the urban population is 3.0666 million, with an urbanization rate of 49.64%.

Qujing is located in the Wumeng mountains in the transition zone from the eastern Yunnan Plateau to the western Guizhou Plateau in the middle of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. It is inlaid with the lake basin of the central Yunnan Plateau in the west, gradually inclines to the Guizhou Plateau in the East, and the watershed of the Yangtze River and Pearl river systems in the middle. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. There are unique languages, costumes, customs and beliefs of eight ethnic groups, including Yi, Buyi, Zhuang, Miao and Yao.

Qujing is one of the key development zones of the national main functional area planning, Pan Pearl River Delta regional cooperation and Yangtze River economic belt, and is the core area of central Yunnan urban economic circle. Qujing is an important industrial and commercial city in Yunnan Province, and its comprehensive strength ranks second in Yunnan Province. Qujing has been listed on the list of "China's top ten livable cities" for six times, won the honorary titles of national ecological garden city, National Health City, etc., was listed as the first batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas, and was awarded the title of "National Forest City".

Historical evolution

Place name source

The name of "Qujing" first appeared in the book of the new Tang Dynasty · biography · 147th chapter · nanmanxia, which combined the first words of "Quzhou" and "Jingzhou" into "qujingzhou", but "Qujing" was not widely used at that time. According to Volume 2 of "records of the Ming Dynasty unified scenic spots · records of Qujing Prefecture in Yunnan Province", Qujing military and civilian mansion "covers Quzhou and uses its name together". It is recorded in Xu Xiake's travels that Qujing was originally located in Quzhou and Jingzhou of the Tang Dynasty. It was the same place where it was located, so it was named because of it.

The name "Qujing" was officially used as the name of the administrative region in 1276. The central government of the Yuan Dynasty set up the "Qujing road" office. In today's Qujing, the name "Qujing" was officially used. "Qujing road" is still located in the newly named Qujing.

Evolution of organizational system

Qujing ancient human existence earlier, about 100000 years ago has entered the Paleolithic age. According to the scientific research of ancient cultural sites such as Geyi Jianjiao cave in Xuanwei, laoshishan Paleolithic site in Fuyuan and batatai in Zhujie, Qujing, it is confirmed that human footprints can be found in the Nanpanjiang River Basin as early as the Paleolithic age. Three or four thousand years ago, Qujing ancestors planted rice on this ancient land to create civilization.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Qujing was regarded as "the home of Mo". In the 35th year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (280 BC), Zhuang Qiao, the general of Chu, led his troops into Yunnan, and Qujing was the hinterland of the ancient Dian state.

Qin built "wuchidao" to Jianning (Qujing), and then set up officials to connect Qujing with the mainland.

The Han Dynasty first carried out the county system in Qujing area. In the sixth year of Jianyuan (135 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, Tanglang county (now Huize and Dongchuan) and Cunyan county (now Xuanwei) were established (under the jurisdiction of Qianwei county established in the same year), marking the earliest establishment of county system in Qujing and Yunnan. In the second year of Yuanfeng (109 BC), Liu Che, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, sent troops to defeat the "Laojin and MIMO" tribes in Panjiang River Basin, and the state of Dian was subordinated to the Han Dynasty. In today's Sancha area, Wei county was built, which belongs to Yizhou county. Yizhou Prefecture includes Weixian (Qujing), mumi (XUNDIAN), Tonglai (Malong) and TongLao (Luliang). So far, the county system of Qujing was established.

In 225, Zhuge Liang personally led his army to the South and fought fiercely with the rebellious tribes in the first belt of Pandong. After being captured, the commander Meng Huo led his army to join him and made peace with Zhuge Marquis Wu in Shibaoshan, Sanbao hot spring. Zhuge Liang's three armed forces met in Weixian county and set up a memorial tablet in the city. Jianning county was set up in Yizhou County, and its governance was moved from Dianchi county to Weixian county.

In August of 270, the sixth year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty, it was divided into four counties, Jianning, Yunnan, Yongchang and Xinggu. Ningzhou became one of the 19 states in China. In the early Tang Dynasty, the central plains were in chaos, and Qujing was taken by the great surname of Cuan. During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he was still granted the title of governor of ningzhou. However, ningzhou was set up in PENGYUAN (Gansu Province) in the Northern Wei Dynasty. In order to distinguish nanzhong ningzhou from PENGYUAN, ningzhou in PENGYUAN was renamed beiningzhou, and nanzhong ningzhou was renamed Nanning. The word Nanning began to be used in the history of Qujing in Yunnan Province.

Nanning was established in the Tang Dynasty. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), Nanning was changed into Langzhou, and Langzhou was set up as the governor's office. In the fifth year of Kaiyuan (717), it was renamed as the capital of Nanning. Wei Renshou, the first governor, led the army and the people to build a stone city 20 miles north of the old city of Qujing. In 626, he moved the governor from Yizhou to govern today. In the seventh year of Tianbao (748), Nanzhao destroyed Cuan, which rose in Erhai area. More than 200000 people from Cuan District moved to Yongchang (today's Baoshan area). Today, Qujing City is under the control of Nanzhao Tuodong Jiedushi. Nanzhao and later Dali set up Shicheng County in Shicheng.

In the third year of Ming Dynasty (971), Duan's family and thirty-seven tribes allied with Shicheng, which restored and developed the feudal lord system of Qujing to a certain extent, and promoted the improvement and development of social relations of production.

In 1253, the first year of Baoyou in the Southern Song Dynasty, Kublai Khan led the Mongolian cavalry to cross the Jinsha River and march into Yunnan. Three months later, Dali surrendered. Two years later, the whole territory of Yunnan belonged to Mengyuan. In the Yuan Dynasty, the office of momiwanhu was set up in Shicheng. In 1271, the office of momiwanhu was changed to the office of the general manager of the middle road. In 1276, Qujing road was set up, with jurisdiction over Nanning County, Yuezhou, Malong, Luoxiong, yizuo, Luliang, Zhanyi, jiaoshui, Shiliang and Luoshan. In 1285, Shicheng was changed into Nanning County, with jurisdiction over Luliang, Yuezhou, Luoxiong and Mayuan In the 25th year of Zhiyuan (1288), the general manager's office of Qujing road was changed to Xuanfu Department of Qujing road; in the 28th year of Zhiyuan (1291), Xuanfu Department of Qujing road was changed to Xuanfu Department of Qujing Road, which was in charge of military and civilian affairs.

In 1381, the Ming army conquered Qujing (baishijiang campaign) in Yunnan Province. The next year, Qujing road was changed into Qujing Junmin mansion, which was located in Nanning (now Qilin District), and its prefecture (county) was basically the same as that of Yuan Dynasty. Hongwu 20 years (1387), began in Shengfeng mountain, jiaohai (Donghaizi) on the shore of the construction of new Fucheng, to replace Shicheng. In the Ming Dynasty, pingyiwei was set up in the north of Fuyuan County, which was directly under Yunnan Dusi; in the south of Fuyuan County, yizuo county was set up, which was under Qujing Prefecture. In the 12th year of Chenghua (1476), four soldiers were set up in Yunnan, including Qujing. Qujing Bing Bei Dao branch was stationed in Qujing Prefecture. In Qujing, posts and passes were set up to strengthen ties with the mainland.

In Qing Dynasty, Qujing politics was similar to Ming Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou was stationed in Qujing. In the 34th year of Kangxi reign of Qing Dynasty (1695), Pingyi County was replaced by Yiwei and yizuo County, and Pingyi County (now the county seat) was established. This is the beginning of the name of Pingyi County. Before that, all previous dynasties were called Pingyi. In the early years of Yongzheng, the difference between Qujing and the mainland was narrowed; in the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Xuanwei Prefecture was set up from Zhanyi, and Dongchuan prefecture (now Huize) was transferred from Sichuan to Yunnan; in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), Yidong Dao was set up, and its administrative office was located in XUNDIAN and then moved to Nanning (Qujing). In 1765, the military and civilian government of Qujing was changed to Qujing government, and the county government was still Nanning county.

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), "according to the order of the central government, all the prefectures will be reduced to counties", Qujing Prefecture will be removed, and Nanning county will be changed to Qujing county. Except Shizong, all the counties in Qujing are under the supervision of central Yunnan Road.

In 1927, Zhili was established in Yunnan Province.

In January 1948, the office of the inspector general of the Second District of Yunnan Province was set up in Qujing county.

In September 1949, the office of the provisional people's administrative Commissioner of Northeast Yunnan was established. In the same month, the CPC Northeast Yunnan prefectural committee was established.

On March 25, 1950, the office of inspector general of Qujing special region of Yunnan Province was set up, and the office was located in Qujing county. It has jurisdiction over seven counties, including Qujing, Zhanyi, Xuanwei, Pingyi, Malong (in Tongquan town), Songming (in Songyang town) and XUNDIAN (in Rende town). In November, it was renamed Qujing District Office of the Yunnan Provincial People's government.

In July 1954, it merged with Yiliang office to form Qujing Office of administrative commissioner. The office of the administrative commissioner is located in Qujing county.

In 1970, Qujing district was renamed as Qujing District, which was located in Qujing county. It governs 12 counties including Qujing, XUNDIAN, Xuanwei (in Rongcheng town), Huize, Fuyuan (in Zhongan town), Zhanyi, Shizong (in Danfeng town), Luoping (in Luoxiong town), Luliang (in Zhongzhong town), Yiliang, Songming (in Songyang town), Malong (in Tongquan town) and Lunan Yi Autonomous County.

On May 6, 1997, Qujing district was abolished and prefecture level Qujing City was established. The former county-level Qujing City was divided into Qilin District and Zhanyi County.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 1954, Yiliang (in Kuangyuan town), Luliang, Luoping (in Luoxiong town), Shizong (in Danfeng town), Luxi and Lunan counties of the former Yiliang district were included in Qujing district. Xuanwei county was renamed Rongfeng county (in Rongcheng town); Pingyi County was renamed Fuyuan County (in Zhongan town). Qujing Prefecture governs 13 counties.

March 26, 1957, by road

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Qu Jing Shi