Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province

Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture of Qinghai Province. The prefecture governs three counties and one Autonomous County, with a total area of 34068.44 square kilometers and a total population of 283000.

Haibei Prefecture is located in the northeast of Qinghai Province, the northeast of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and the western edge of the Loess Plateau. Within the territory of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, there are 36 cultural relics protection units announced by the people's Government of Qinghai Province. Among them, zhilongyi city in Xihai County of the Western Han Dynasty belongs to the state-level cultural relics protection units; there are 11 provincial cultural relics protection units; more than 40 tombs have been cleared and more than 700 cultural relics have been unearthed. This is also the place where Mr. Wang Luobin wrote the famous song "in that far away place".

Haibei prefecture has a long history. Many sites of kayo culture and Xindian culture have proved that there were human activities as early as 3000 years ago. In the Western Han Dynasty, Haibei Prefecture is the hometown of the Western Qiang people. In the fourth year of the first year of emperor Hanping (AD 4), Wang Mang set up Xihai County in today's Haiyan County. During the Han Dynasty, the famous Huqiang road and Qiangzhong road had been formed and became the auxiliary road of the silk road.

In 2017, the GDP of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture was 8.291 billion yuan, which was 20.3% lower than that of the previous year at comparable prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 1.981 billion yuan, up 5.2%, the added value of the secondary industry was 2.383 billion yuan, down 45.5%, and the added value of the tertiary industry was 3.928 billion yuan, down 1.6%.

Historical evolution

It was a place of Qiang Nationality in ancient times. In the fourth year of the first four years of the Han Dynasty, Wang Mang set up "Xihai county" in Sanjiaocheng, Haiyan County, which governs Haiyan, Gangcha and other areas. Later, because of Wang Mang's usurpation, the county was abandoned. In the 14th year of Yongyuan (102nd year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xihai county was restored (see Xining Fu Xinzhi for the above). In the period of Jin and sixteen states (265-420), Xiping County was set up, and Haibei Prefecture was under the rule of Xiqin, Beiliang and Nanliang (see draft of general annals of Gansu).

In the fifth year of Daye (609) of the Sui Dynasty, after emperor Yang defeated the main force of Fuyun in Tuyuhun, he set up "Xihai county", which was mostly governed by fuchaocheng, and Haiyan and Gangcha were still under the jurisdiction of the period (see the book of the Sui Dynasty). Tang Zhenguan five years (631), set up michuan County, jurisdiction Menyuan area. Tang Xianheng three years (AD 672), Tu Gu Hun nuohuobo in Haomen Shuinan. In the first year of Guangde of Tang Dynasty (763), Tubo occupied Qinghai, and Haibei Prefecture belonged to its territory (see the draft of Gansu general annals for the above). In the Yuan Dynasty, there was the Marshal's office of xuanweisi capital in Tubo and other places, and Haibei Prefecture was under its jurisdiction.

In the eighth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1378), two guards, Anding and areI, were set up. Haibei Prefecture is under the jurisdiction of Erwei. In 1509, the Gushi Khan of Heshuote tribe of Mongolian nationality came to Qinghai from Xinjiang and unified the Mongolian nationality into five 29 banners. Among them, there are 11 banners in Haibei area, which are under the jurisdiction of qincha Minister of Qinghai (in Xining). At the same time, Datong (now Menyuan County), Baita (now Chengguan town of Datong County) and Yong'an (55 kilometers northwest of Menyuan County) were built. Datongwei was set up in today's Menyuan County. Yonganying and baitaying were under the jurisdiction of Xining government.

Qianlong nine years (1744) moved to the white tower. In the 26th year of Qianlong reign of Qing Dynasty (1761), Wei was changed to county government.

After the founding of Qinghai Province in 1929, it successively set up Fuyuan County, Qilian Administrative Bureau and Haiyan Administrative Bureau (later changed to Haiyan County), all of which were directly under the provincial government; Menyuan County was set up to the north of Daban mountain; Qilian area and Xianmi and Zhugu, which were originally Xining Prefecture, were assigned to Menyuan County. In 1939, Qilian was set up as the governing Bureau. In 1943, Haiyan County was established. Gangcha is the jurisdiction of Jiaolan.

In 1949, Haibei was liberated and the government of Fuyuan County was established. From 1950 to 1952, Haiyan County, Gangcha Administrative Committee and Qilian autonomous region were established.

On December 31, 1953, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Region was established, with jurisdiction over Fuyuan Hui Autonomous Region (zhuhaoyi town), Qilian county (the original Qilian autonomous region was rebuilt, zhubabaosi), Gangcha county (the original Gangcha district was rebuilt, zhushaliuhe), Haiyan County (the original Haiyan Tibetan Autonomous Region was restored to a county, zhusanjiaocheng), and the people's Government of the autonomous region was stationed in Haoyi Town, Fuyuan County. In 1955, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Region was transformed into Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and Fuyuan Hui Autonomous Region into Fuyuan Hui Autonomous County.

In July 1993, the resident moved to Xihai Town, Haiyan County.

On January 11, 1995, the residence of the people's Government of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture was moved from Haomen Town, Menyuan Hui Autonomous County, to Xihai Town, the former 221 factory base in Haiyan County.

administrative division

Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture governs four county-level administrative regions, including three counties and one Autonomous County, namely Qilian County, Haiyan County, Gangcha county and Menyuan Hui Autonomous County. The people's Government of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located at 4 Tongbao Road, Xihai Town, Haiyan County.

Source: < / I >

geographical environment

Location context

Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the northeast of Qinghai Province, between 36 ° 44 ′ 00 ″ - 39 ° 05 ′ 18 ″ N and 98 ° 5 ′ 00 ″ - 102 ° 41 ′ 03 ″ E. It borders Datong, Huzhu, Huangzhong and Huangyuan counties in the southeast, Tianjun County in Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the west, Gonghe County in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture across Qinghai Lake in the south, and Tianzhu, Shandan, Minle and Sunan counties in Gansu Province in the north. It is 413.45 km long from east to west and 261.41 km wide from north to south. The total land area is 34389.89 square kilometers.

topographic features

The Qilian Mountains in Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the third step of China's terrain, in the northeast of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the west edge of the Loess Plateau. Haibei Prefecture is located in the middle of Qilian Mountains, with the highest altitude of 5287 meters and the lowest altitude of 2180 meters. The area with an altitude of more than 3000 meters accounts for more than 85% of the total area of the prefecture. From the perspective of geomorphological origin, there are tectonic landform, flowing water landform, aeolian landform and glacial landform; from the perspective of geomorphological morphology, there are Valley, basin, hill, low mountain, middle mountain and high mountain. According to the topographical characteristics of Haibei, the whole Prefecture is divided into three geomorphic areas

The plateau geomorphic area of Qilian Mountain includes the whole area of Qilian county and the vast area to the north of Datong Mountain Watershed in Gangcha and Haiyan counties. The geomorphic area presents the situation of "four mountains with four basins". Between the south mountain of the corridor and the tole mountain, the Heihe and babaohe fault basins are formed, and the Heihe and babaohe rivers run through them. Between the tole mountain, the tole south mountain and the Datong mountain, the tole fault basin and the moele depression basin are formed, and the tole River and the moele River (Datong River) flow through them.

The lakeside geomorphic area in Hubei Province of Qinghai Province is a part of the inland basin of Qinghai Lake in China, including the south of Datong Mountain Watershed in Haiyan and Gangcha counties, the north of Qinghai Lake and the valley in the upper reaches of Huangshui River. The area is high in the north and low in the South, with high mountains in the north, low hills in the middle, hubinping plain and Huangshui Valley in the south, Buha River, jilmeng River, wuhaalan River, Shaliu River and khargai river Ganzi River and Ganzi River are important recharge sources of Qinghai Lake.

Haomen River Valley geomorphic area, including all of Menyuan County, has jingyangling in the northwest, Lenglongling in the north and Dabanshan in the south. Between the two mountains, there is a Mesozoic Cenozoic fault basin widely distributed and deposited in the Quaternary. Wuling is widely distributed in the northwest, and deep mountain canyon area is in the East. Haomen river flows through it from northwest to Southeast. The geomorphic features of the Prefecture are high terrain, obvious skeleton and various types.

climate

The climate of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture belongs to the plateau continental climate, which is characterized by long cold period, short warm and cool period, sufficient sunlight, strong solar radiation, distinct dry and wet seasons, rainy and hot seasons, rainy and windy nights. The annual average temperature is - 2.4 ℃ - 1.4 ℃, the maximum temperature is 33.3 ℃, and the minimum temperature is - 36.3 ℃. The annual average precipitation is 426.8 mm, the maximum precipitation is 479.4 mm, and the minimum precipitation is 341.1 mm. The annual sunshine hours are 2517.6-2995.3 hours. The average annual radiation is 5210.2 MJ ~ 6568.3 mj per square meter. There is no absolute frost free period.

hydrology

Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has more than 4000 meters of high mountains, with widespread glaciers and snow all the year round. It is rich in surface runoff resources. There are 61 rivers with a flow of more than 0.5 second cubic meters, including 24 outflow rivers, 25 Qilian Mountains inland rivers and 12 Qinghai Lake inland rivers. The total water collection area of the prefecture is 29764.56 square kilometers, accounting for 87% of the total land area of the prefecture.

natural resources

water resource

Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is rich in water resources, with an annual flow of 5.82 billion cubic meters of surface water and a per capita flow of 20600 cubic meters. The maximum altitude difference is 3000 meters, the current is turbulent, and the natural drop is large. The theoretical reserves of hydropower in outflow and inland water systems are about 1.4838 million kilowatts, of which nearly 730000 kilowatts can be developed and utilized, accounting for 49.20% of the theoretical reserves.

mineral resources

Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has a vast territory, complex geological structure, superior metallogenic conditions, many mineral varieties and large reserves. 30 kinds of ferrous, non-ferrous, gold, non-metallic and combustible mineral products have been proved. The main mineral varieties are: ferrous metals iron, manganese, chromium, non-ferrous metals copper, lead, zinc, precious metals gold, silver, platinum, non-metallic minerals are mainly coal. Coal, asbestos and Shajin are the dominant varieties in the development of mineral resources in the Autonomous Prefecture, which have the characteristics of many producing areas, large reserves, good quality and easy mining. Proven coal reserves are 2.6 billion tons, asbestos 20 million tons and Shajin 4830.80 kg.

plant resources

Wild medicinal and economic resources in Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Hai Bei Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou