Mingshui County, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province

Mingshui County, a county under the jurisdiction of Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province, is located in the southwest of Heilongjiang Province and the northwest of Songnen Plain. It borders on hailun in the East, Lindian in the west, Qinggang in the South and Baiquan in the north. It is 86 kilometers long from east to west and 31.5 kilometers wide from north to south. The total area is 2400 square kilometers, with 1.63 million mu of arable land, 700000 mu of grassland and 540000 mu of woodland. Mingshui County governs 5 towns and 7 townships with a population of 350000 (2010). Mingshui is located in the high latitude zone and belongs to the sub humid climate of the middle temperate zone. The average temperature is 2.9 ℃, the annual sunshine is 2800 hours, and the annual average precipitation is about 480mm. It is known as "one forest, two grasses and seven fields". National Highway 202 (HA Hei first-class highway) runs through the whole territory, and forms a traffic network extending in all directions with three second-class national roads of Minghai, mingsan and Mingshen. It is an important commodity distribution center to the north of Harbin.

Historical evolution

In the Tang and Yu dynasties (22nd century BC to 221 BC), the land of Mingshui belonged to Chen.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties (221 B.C. - 280 A.D.), Mingshui belonged to Fuyu.

In the Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties (265-589 AD), the surface of Mingshui still belonged to Fuyu in the Jin Dynasty and doumolou in the southern and Northern Dynasties.

In Sui Dynasty (581-618 AD), Mingshui belonged to nanshiwei.

In the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), Mingshui belonged to Shiwei Dudu mansion.

In the Liao, song and Jin Dynasties (907-1234 AD), Mingshui belonged to Dongqin Dao.

During the Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368), Mingshui belonged to Naiyan's hometown, Liaoyang and other places. Xingzhongshu province had Kaiyuan Road and Shuida road.

In the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), the land of Mingshui belonged to the right guard of nuergandu.

At first, the land of Mingshui belonged to general ningguta; later, it belonged to yikeming'an banner, vice capital of Qiqihar, general of Heilongjiang Province; later, it belonged to hailun Zhili hall, vice capital of tongkenhe, general of Heilongjiang Province; finally, it belonged to Qinggang and Baiquan counties under the jurisdiction of hailun Wanzhi of Heilongjiang Province; at the end of Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Baiquan and Qinggang counties.

Before the establishment of Mingshui, it belonged to hailun mansion of Hulun road of Heilongjiang Civil Affairs Office. Later, it belonged to Qingbai County under the jurisdiction of Longjiang Road of Heilongjiang provincial governor office. After the establishment of Mingshui, it belonged to Longjiang Road of Heilongjiang provincial governor office. After the establishment of Mingshui, it belonged to Heilongjiang Province.

When Mingshui county was established in 1923, it was named Mingshui quanzi (now Qinggang county) in the planned area.

On October 20, 1923, after the founding of the Republic of China, the governor's office of Heilongjiang Province ordered: "Xinglong town of Baiquan is the gateway to and from Keshan, anda and Baiquan There is an urgent need to set up government officials to provide capital for governance. It is hereby named "Mingshui governance bureau". On December 15 of the same year, the governor arrived in Xinglong town to "visit the bureau to see things" and opened the customs. It belongs to suilan road.

In January 1929, Mingshui county was upgraded to the third grade county. The first district of the county (formerly Xinglong town). Mingshui county magistrate opened the "Mingshui County seal" on January 25, under the direct control of Heilongjiang Province.

After the fall of Northeast China, it was initially attached to Heilongjiang Province.

In December 1934, it was put under the jurisdiction of Longjiang Province.

In 1938, the county was changed into Mingshui street.

In June 1939, it was transferred to Bei'an province.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese war in 1945, it was under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province.

In February 1946, Mingshui County People's government, the first democratic government, was established.

From February to September 1947, it belonged to the United province of heinen. After heinen United province was separated, it belonged to Heilongjiang Province.

In August 1954, after the merger of the two provinces, Heilongjiang Province was directly under the central government.

In March 1956, it was put under the jurisdiction of Nenjiang district.

In May 1960, it was transferred to Songhuajiang special zone.

In June 1965, it has been attached to Suihua special area.

administrative division

In 1985, it was changed into 5 towns, 10 townships, 163 villages and 655 natural villages.

In March 2002, the original administrative divisions of townships and villages were adjusted to 12 townships, 99 villages and 8 communities.

As of June 2013, Mingshui county has jurisdiction over 5 towns and 7 townships: Mingshui Town, Xingren Town, Yongxing Town, Chongde Town, Tongda Town, Shuangxing Town, Yongyong Town, Shuren Town, Guangrong Town, Fanrong Town, Tongquan town and Yulin town.

geographical environment

Geology and geomorphology

The eastern part of Mingshui county is the Kebai hilly area of the Xiaoxing'an Mountains. The hills and slopes are undulating and the gullies crisscross. In the west, Songnen Plain is flat and open. The average altitude of the whole county is 249.2 meters, and the highest altitude is 293.6 meters (Liuzheng village, Yongxing Town). The lowest distance is 156.7 meters (the southwest corner of the county reaches the racecourse), and the height difference is 136.9 meters.

The terrain of Mingshui county is higher in the middle and lower in the East and West. From the west of Yongxing Town to the east of Shuangxing, there is a southeast northwest ridge, which is the watershed of Songnen basin. From here, the range is gradually lower to the East and west sides, and the lowest is along the Tongken River and the grassland in the West. The cross section of the terrain is irregular. The landform of the whole county can be divided into four types. Hilly area, gentle slope overtopping area, low-lying plain area, floodplain area along the river.

Mingshui is a plain area with no high mountains. In the eastern hilly area, there are several large overtopping hills, the largest of which is zhenjiagang. From the west of Yongxing Town to the east of Shuangxing Town, it runs from northeast to southwest. With a total length of 43.5km and an altitude of about 170m to 290m, it is the watershed of Songnen River Basin. The more famous ones are danjiagang, caojiagang, lujiagang, huangjiagang, chejiagang, hujiagang and Zhangjiagang.

Mingshui county is located in the northern margin of Songliao fault limit of Jihei block fault belt, and adjacent to Qinggang uplift in the southeast. The geological structure belongs to the Neocathaysian structural system. The terrain is flat and open, the surface flow is not developed, and the geological formation belongs to the accumulation type. The tertiary and Cretaceous strata in the county are buried shallowly. The thickness of Quaternary sediments is thin in the Northeast (4-5m), thickened to about 50m in the south, and more than 60m in the West.

soil

Mingshui county is located in Tongken River Basin, the eastern part of which belongs to Xiaoxing'an Mountains and the western part of which belongs to the hinterland of Songnen Plain. Its territory is rectangular, 86 kilometers long from east to west, 31.6 kilometers wide from north to south, with a land area of 3.45 million mu, including 1.61 million mu of cultivated land (46.7% of the total area), 420000 mu of forest land, 720000 mu of grassland, 10000 mu of water surface and 690000 mu of other land.

The soil is black and thick. The soil can be divided into 7 soil types, 17 sub types, 20 soil genera and 31 soil species. The basic fertility of cultivated land is good, accounting for 48.89%, medium accounting for 35.4%, and low accounting for 15.71%. The organic matter and total nitrogen content are medium; the available nitrogen content is high, but the available phosphorus is low; the total potassium and available potassium content are rich; except for saline soil and alkaline soil, the pH is neutral.

hydrology

Tongken river is the boundary river between Mingshui county and hailun county. It originates from hailun county and flows into Hulan River, with a total length of 378km and a drainage area of 10583km2. It flows through Guangrong and Shuren townships of the county. The annual flow is 780 million cubic meters, with an average flow of 24.8 cubic meters per second. The boat can be opened in rainy season.

Paila river is a tributary of Tongken river. Originated in the south of Baiquan County, it flows through the junction of Fanrong Township, Yongxing Town and Xingren Town, with a total length of 32 kilometers. It is 27 km in Mingshui county. The annual flow is 1.85 million cubic meters.

climate

Mingshui is located in the high latitude zone with obvious seasonal variation, belonging to the continental climate of north temperate zone. The seasonal variation of temperature in the whole county is obvious, the winter is long and cold, and the summer is warm and hot.

The climate is characterized by long, cold and dry winter, warm and rainy summer, less precipitation and strong wind in spring, moderate precipitation, cool and pleasant autumn, and early frost. The West and South are open plains with high wind speed, high temperature and less precipitation. The East and the north are hilly areas with low wind speed, low temperature and more precipitation.

The annual frost free period is about 124 days, and the temperature difference in all parts of the county is not more than 0.3 ℃. January is the coldest, with the monthly average temperature of - 20.9 ℃; July is the highest, with the monthly average temperature of 21.9 ℃. The annual temperature difference is 42.8 ℃. The annual average temperature is 2.0 ℃. The highest annual temperature was 4.0 ℃ (1975.1982). 2 ℃ (1956). The high temperature weather with daily maximum temperature ≥ 30 ℃ occurs in 11 days annually, generally from late June to late July; the low temperature weather with daily minimum temperature ≤– 30 ℃ generally occurs from late December to early February of the next year, mainly in the first and middle of January.

The difference of sunshine hours in each year is only a few hundred hours, with the maximum of 3066 hours in the year and the minimum of 2664 hours. The number of sunshine hours is less in winter and more in summer.

The average precipitation is 472 mm, the maximum is 728 mm (1960), and the minimum is 303 mm (1968). The precipitation in the year with more water is 2.4 times of that in the year with less water.

Winter snowfall is 22 mm, less than 5% of the annual precipitation. The annual snowfall days are 28.1 days, accounting for 7.9% of the whole year. The average first day is October 9, the last day is April 30, and the interval between the first day and the last day is 204 days.

natural resources

water resource

The surface water in Mingshui county is moderate, with a total water area of 10000 mu, accounting for 0.3% of the total area. There are two large rivers in Mingshui, including one man-made river, 14 Natural gullies and five man-made reservoirs, which are Fanhua reservoir, Aiguo reservoir, Shuangxing reservoir, Jifeng reservoir and Jinshan reservoir.

There are 14 Natural gullies in Mingshui County, of which 4 flow into Tongken River in the East and 4 in the West