Mengcun Hui Autonomous County, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province

Mengcun Hui Autonomous County Mengcun Hui Autonomous County belongs to Cangzhou City, Hebei Province. It is located in the southeast of Hebei Province, adjacent to the Bohai Sea in the East. It is one of the six minority autonomous counties in Hebei Province. With a total area of 386.73 square kilometers and a total population of 232800 (2016), it has jurisdiction over 4 towns and 2 townships.

Mengcun county is located in the east of North China Plain, with low and flat terrain and more saline alkali land. Xuanhui River and Dalangdian drainage channel flow through the county. The main grain production is wheat, corn, millet, etc., and the main animal husbandry is broiler breeding. The industry is dominated by pipeline equipment manufacturing and construction fasteners. In 2016, the GDP was 9.068 billion yuan and the public budget revenue was 294 million yuan. In September 2019, the people's Government of Mengcun Hui Autonomous County of Cangzhou City was rated as the national model collective of national unity and progress.

Mengcun county is the birthplace of Bajiquan, known as the "hometown of martial arts". Mengcun is an old revolutionary base area. During the Anti Japanese War, the Hui people's detachment made many contributions and gained a great reputation. Historical sites include the rao'an city site of Tang Dynasty, the tomb of Cheng's father and son, and the tomb of Wang Ao.

Historical evolution

According to archaeological excavation, there were people living in Mengcun county during the Shang Dynasty.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the county belonged to the state of Qi.

In the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Qi county. Xiang Yu divided Qi County into Jibei County, which now belongs to the county.

In the Western Han Dynasty, Gaozu five years ago (202 BC), belongs to Gaocheng County, Bohai County, Youzhou. In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (the first year of A.D.), Wanxiang city was set up in today's Mengcun, which was the territory of Liu long, Marquis of Wanxiang. Yonghe five years of the Eastern Han Dynasty (140 years) to Jizhou Bohai county.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, Gaocheng county was changed into Gaocheng County, and now Mengcun county belongs to it.

In the 11th year of Taihe (487) of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Fuyang County, Gaocheng county and Cangzhou are now under the jurisdiction of Fuyang County, Yingzhou. In the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty, the county's membership remained unchanged.

In the Sui Dynasty, the first year of kaihuang (581), Fuyang county was abolished and the local government was changed to Bohai county. In the 16th year of kaihuang (596), the first part of Gaocheng county was set up as Fushui county (in today's Xinxian town), which is divided into Gaocheng county and Fushui county. In 598, Gaocheng county was changed to Yanshan County. In the first year of Daye (605), Fushui county was withdrawn, and in the third year of Daye (607), now all the counties are under the jurisdiction of Yanshan County, Bohai county.

In the Tang Dynasty, in the fourth year of Wude (621), Fushui county was restored. Today, the county belongs to Fushui county and Qingchi county. In the 12th year of Zhenguan (638), rao'an County moved to the old city of floating water and changed its name to xinrao'an (now Xinxian town). Today, rao'an county belongs to rao'an County, Qingchi county and Yanshan County, belonging to Cangzhou. During the period of Five Dynasties and ten states, the subordination remained unchanged.

In 1071, rao'an province entered Qingchi county. Today, the county belongs to Qingchi county and Yanshan County, and still belongs to Cangzhou.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the county belonged to Hejian Road, Cangzhou, Qingchi county and Yanshan County.

In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), Qingchi was incorporated into Cangzhou, which belongs to Hejian Prefecture. Now the county belongs to Hejian Prefecture and Cangzhou Yanshan County. In the second year of Yongle (1404), Meng family moved here to settle down and named Mengcun after his surname.

In 1731, Cangzhou was changed to Tianjin government, and now the county is still Cangzhou Yanshan County.

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Cangzhou was removed and Cangxian county was set up. The county belongs to Cangxian county and Yanshan County respectively.

In October 1928, Zhili Province was changed to Hebei Province. In July 1936, the county was under the jurisdiction of Cang county and Yanshan County.

In June 1937, the county belonged to the seventh supervision district.

In August 1938, the office of the sixth inspector general of the office of the executive director of Southern Hebei Province was established. It has jurisdiction over seven counties, including Cang county and Yanshan County.

In January 1941, the county belonged to the Hebei Shandong border region. Today, the county still belongs to Cang county and Yanshan County.

In November 1942, the county is divided into Qingcheng County, Cangxian county and Yanshan County.

In January 1944, Qingcheng county and Xinhai county were merged into Xinqing county. Now the northern part of the county belongs to the Second District of Qingcheng county (Yangzhai District).

In September 1945, Yanshan County was liberated and restored to its original construction area. It was merged with Jingyuan County, which is called Jingyuan County. It belongs to the Bohai special office of Shandong Province. Today, the county is under the jurisdiction of Jingyuan County and Cangxian county.

In May 1949, Jingyuan County was renamed Yanshan County, belonging to Cangnan special district of Shandong Province. Cangxian county belongs to Cangxian District of Hebei Province. Today, the county belongs to Cangxian county and Yanshan County respectively.

In November 1952, Yanshan County was assigned to Cangxian District of Hebei Province. Today, the county still belongs to Yanshan and Cangxian.

In November 1955, Mengcun Hui Autonomous County was established, belonging to Cangxian district.

In April 1958, Cangxian district was merged into Tianjin district.

In November 1958, Mengcun Hui Autonomous County was merged with Yanshan County and Qingyun County, which was called Yanshan County; in December 1958, Tianjin special region was abolished and merged into Tianjin city, and Yanshan County was subordinate to it.

In March 1959, the original Mengcun Hui Autonomous County was changed into the Mengcun Hui Autonomous Region of Yanshan County.

In June 1961, Cangzhou special region was restored, which belongs to Mengcun Hui Autonomous Region of Yanshan County.

Mengcun Hui Autonomous County was restored to Cangzhou on May 15, 1962.

administrative division

By 2018, Mengcun Hui Autonomous County has jurisdiction over 4 towns and 2 townships.

geographical environment

Location context

Mengcun county is located in the southeast of Hebei Province, 117 ° 01 ′ - 117 ° 21 ′, 37 ° 57 ′ - 38 ° 14 ′ n. It is adjacent to Yanshan County in the southeast, Nanpi County and Cangxian County in the west, and Huanghua city and Haixing County along the Bohai Sea in the north and northeast. The county people's government is located in Mengcun Town, 40 km away from Cangzhou City in the northwest, 231 km away from Shijiazhuang City in the West and 160 km away from Tianjin city in the north. The maximum distance between East and west of the county is 31.1 km, and the maximum distance between North and south is 32.5 km, with a total area of 386.73 square kilometers.

geology

The geological structure unit in Mengcun county belongs to the second sedimentary belt of Xinhua Xia system in North China Plain, and the secondary structure is Huanghua depression. Huanghua sag is bounded by Cangdong fault in the west, adjacent to Cangxian uplift, and yangerzhuang fault in the East, intersecting with chengning uplift. There are deep Cenozoic belts and loose sediments on it, with a thickness of up to 1000 meters. The Cangdong fault and the yangerzhuang fault belong to the Neocathaysian system, which strike southwest to northeast.

topographic features

Mengcun county is located in the transition zone from alluvial plain to Bohai plain in the east of Hebei plain. The landform is low, flat, open and slightly undulating. It is divided into high land (above 10 meters above sea level), two slope land (inclined) and low-lying land (below 7 meters above sea level). In history, the Yellow River alluvial and Zhanghe River flood, soil erosion, the formation of high high school depression, depression in the hill landform. The terrain is slightly inclined from southwest to northeast with a slope of 17 / 10000. The highest point is 11.1 meters above sea level and the lowest point is 5.1 meters.

climate

Mengcun county is a warm temperate sub humid continental monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 11.9 ℃, the average temperature in January is - 4.6 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 20.1 ℃ (February 4, 1969); the average temperature in July is 26.1 ℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 40.1 ℃ (June 23, 1969). The annual average sunshine is 2902.9 hours, and the annual average frost free period is 194 days. The average annual precipitation is 635 mm, mostly concentrated in June to August. The maximum annual extreme precipitation was 1143.2 mm (1964) and the minimum was 323.9 mm (1965).

hydrology

The drainage channels of xuanhui River and Dalangdian pass through Mengcun county from west to East in the South and north respectively, belonging to Haihe River system. Xuanhui River starts from the west of Aizhai village in the county to the east of gaoyaozhuang, flows through 3 townships and 8 villages, with a total length of 12.5 km and a drainage area of 83.4 square kilometers. From mazhuangzi village to liliushe village in the west of Dalangdian drainage channel, it flows through 4 townships and 20 villages, with a length of 18.5 km and a drainage area of 252 square kilometers. In addition, there are four main ditches with a total length of 75 kilometers, namely Mengdong, Mengxi, bailigan and xiaoliugan, which run through the north and South and connect the two rivers.

soil

The soil in Mengcun county can be divided into 1 Soil Type - fluvo aquic soil type, 3 sub types - typical fluvo aquic soil, salinized fluvo aquic soil and browning fluvo aquic soil, 8 soil genera and 20 soil species.

Mengcun is close to the Bohai Sea, and the soil salinity is serious, which is mainly caused by the high salinity of groundwater, large evaporation, uneven surface and high groundwater level. According to 1988 statistics, there are 87487 mu of salinized land in the county, mainly distributed in the north and southeast of the county.

natural resources

land resource

In 2005, the total land area of Mengcun county was 575300 mu, including 336200 mu of cultivated land, 17600 mu of garden land, 11900 mu of forest land, 50700 mu of other agricultural land, 93800 mu of residential land and industrial and mining land, 4900 mu of traffic land, 3800 mu of water conservancy facilities and 56400 mu of unused land.

water resource

Mengcun county is short of water resources, with an average annual total of 17.3067 million cubic meters of water resources, an average annual runoff of 26.84 million cubic meters of rivers and ditches on the ground, and an average annual total of 16.6233 million cubic meters of shallow groundwater. Due to the large-scale exploitation of groundwater, the groundwater level continues to decline and the water volume decreases.

Biological resources

Mengcun county has wild shrubs such as Zizyphus jujuba, wild trees such as Tamarix (redbud), duri (Tangli), etc. There are many herbaceous plants, covering a wide area, including 25 families, 74 species, such as Artemisia, halophyte, acanthopanax, yellow vegetables and so on.

Up to 2005, there are about 67 species of wild animals in Mengcun County, belonging to 12 classes. The main wild animals are: mammals: weasel, foxtail, badger, vole, rabbit, hedgehog, bat, etc.; birds: sparrow, swallow, woodpecker, quail

Chinese PinYin : He Bei Sheng Cang Zhou Shi Meng Cun Hui Zu Zi Zhi Xian