Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province

Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County, Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County, belongs to Lincang City, Yunnan Province. It spans 98 ° 48 ′～ 99 ° 54 ′ E and 23 ° 20 ′～ 24 ° 02 ′ n. Gengma Town, located in the middle of the county, is 112 km away from Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, in the northeast, and 76 km from the north to the south. By 2013, the population density is 70 people / km2. It is located in the southwest of China and connected with Myanmar. The border line is 47.35 km long. It is the most convenient land passage from Lincang and even Kunming to Yangon of Myanmar and Kyaukpyu port on the Myanmar coast of the Indian Ocean It is 15 km and 24 km from Qingshui River to Huban and gunnong, which are important towns in Myanmar, 161 km to Lashio, an important commodity distribution center in northern Myanmar, and 1162 km to Yangon, Myanmar.

Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County, founded on October 16, 1955, is one of 29 minority autonomous counties and 25 border counties in Yunnan Province. By 2010, with a total population of 296300, the county has jurisdiction over 9 townships (towns), 2 farms, 1 overseas Chinese management area, 82 villages and 3 communities. Among them, Mengding town is a sub County town and a class I national open port.

In 2011, the gross output value of Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County was 4.431 billion yuan, an increase of 18.6% over 2010. Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County has Gengma Nanting River Provincial Scenic Area, Lancang River basin nature reserve, stone Buddha cave Neolithic cultural site, Mengding Cave Scenic temple, etc. The sand piling Festival is an annual traditional festival for the Dai people in Gengma to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. On April 30, 2019, the people's Government of Yunnan Province decided to withdraw Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County from the sequence of poverty-stricken counties.

Historical division

Historical evolution

Before the middle of the first century A.D., Gengma county is now a dependency of the ancient Dai state of mengdaguang.

In 69 A.D., mengdaguang (Ailao state) was attached to the Han Dynasty, and Yongchang County was set up there. Today, Gengma county belongs to Buwei County, Yongchang County.

In 225 ad, the Shu Han Dynasty added Yongxiang County in the southeast of Buwei County, Yongchang County, and Yongshou County in the southwest; today, Gengma county belongs to Yongshou County, Yongchang County.

In 271 ad, the four counties of Jianning, Yunnan, Xinggu and Yongchang were set up as ningzhou in the Western Jin Dynasty; in 299 ad, the Dai people in Buwei County of Yongchang County fought against the Jin Dynasty, and the rule of Yongchang County was moved to Yongshou County in the Western Jin Dynasty; now Gengma county is also Yongshou County of Yongchang County.

In 420 ad, the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished, and then the Song Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), Qi Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), Liang Dynasty (Southern Dynasty) and other mainland dynasties gradually withdrew from the Yunnan Plateau. After Chen Dynasty (Southern Dynasty) replaced Liang Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), the mainland Dynasty completely abandoned the Yunnan Plateau. Now Gengma county has become the autonomous territory of Dai nationality.

In 738, the Dai people of mengshe (Weishan basin) came to the Erhai Basin and established the regime of mengshelong (Nanzhao state in Chinese translation); in 762, mengshelong (Nanzhao state) imitated the system of Tang Dynasty and set up Yongchang Jiedu in mengzhang (Baoshan Basin) to govern the area to the west of Lancang River; now Gengma county belongs to Yongchang Jiedu.

In 937 ad, Duan Siping, the former "mengshelong" (Nanzhao state) Tonghai Jiedu envoy, entered the Erhai Basin to build Dali state, and Yongchang Jiedu was set up in "mengzhang" along the old system of "mengshelong"; in 1096 ad, Dali state abolished Jiedu, Dudu and other military jurisdiction, and set up eight prefectures, four prefectures and four towns; now Gengma county belongs to Yongchang Jiedu first and Yongchang Fu later.

In 1261 A.D., the great Mongolia called on all kinds of local people to set up the Department of appeasement, such as Jinchi, to the west of Lancang River; now Gengma county belongs to the Department of appeasement, such as Jinchi.

In 1271 ad, the pacification Department of Jinchi and other places was divided into the East pacifier (zhenkang road pacifier) and the West pacifier (Jianning road pacifier). Today, Gengma county belongs to the East pacifier of Jinchi and other places.

In 1278 A.D., the Yuan Dynasty (the former great Mongolia) cut the gold teeth and other appeasement department, and the former East Road appeasement envoy set up the Xuanfu Department of zhenkang, Mangshi, ruoyuan and other roads, under the jurisdiction of zhenkang, Mangshi, ruoyuan and other roads; now Gengma county belongs to zhenkang Road.

In 1286 ad, the Xuanfu Department of kangmang, Shi ruoyuan and other roads in Zhenxi were cut off, and the Xuanfu Department of minluchuan and other roads in Zhenxi were merged into the Xuanfu Department of Jinchi and other departments in Dali (later changed to the Marshal's office of Jinchi and other Xuanwei departments in Dali); now Gengma county belongs to zhenkang road.

In 1289 ad, Mengding road was set up under the jurisdiction of xizhenkang road in the Marshal's office of Xuanwei department, such as Jinchi, Dali; now Gengma county belongs to Mengding road.

In 1312, "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) was established by annexing the surrounding areas of the Dai nationality. In 1316, "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) expanded eastward, and mengdinglu belonged to the tumu. Today, Gengma county belongs to "Mengding" of "mengmaonong".

In 1326 ad, the yuan army occupied part of the area west of Lancang River and the tumu in the west of Mengding Road, which was attached to the Yuan Dynasty; in 1327 ad, the Yuan Dynasty set up mounian Road (governing the east of Gengma, Cangyuan, Shuangjiang and Linxiang today); the east of Gengma county belongs to mounian road in the Yuan Dynasty, and the West belongs to Mengding in mengmaonong.

In 1343, "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) defeated the invading yuan army and took advantage of the victory to pursue "Mengbi" (Yangbijiang River Valley), "Menggu" Dai tumu (local magistrate of Jingdong military and civilian government) came under the control of "mengmaonong"; the road between "mengmaonong" and "Menggu" was controlled by "mengmaonong" and then controlled by "Menggu"; today, the eastern part of Gengma county belongs to "mengmaonong" The valley and the West belong to Mengding of mengmaonong.

In 1355 ad, "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) was attached to the Yuan Dynasty, where pingmian xuanweisi was set up; now Gengma county belongs to pingmian xuanweisi.

In 1384 ad, "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) was attached to the Ming Dynasty, where Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi was set up; today, Gengma county belongs to Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi.

In 1402 A.D., Mengding Prefecture was set up in jieluchuan of Ming Dynasty and xuanweisi of Burma; today Gengma county belongs to Mengding Prefecture.

In 1428, Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi broke away from the Ming Dynasty and resumed the expansion of "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state); in 1439, "mengmaonong" defeated the Ming army and occupied all the "ancestral lands" west of Lancang River, "Mengding magistrate Dao Lu Meng fled"; in 1441, 1442 and 1448, the Ming Dynasty devoted half of its power to "three expeditions" in Luchuan, and "mubang tuguan Han Ge" made great contributions to the expeditions The governor Wang Ji orders to eat the land of Mengding; today Gengma county belongs to Mengding Prefecture.

In 1472 A.D., Gengma Dai tumu (without official title granted by the imperial court) and Menggu Dai tumu (governor of Jingdong) jointly attacked mengyunyang (West of Shuangjiang dam) and mengjingzhuang (West of Shuangjiang dam). Afterwards, Menggu Dai tumu sent mengyunyang and mengjingzhuang to Gengma Dai tumu, and Gengma Dai tumu combined mengyunyang and mengjingzhuang "Mengmeng".

In 1527 ad, mubangxuanweisi (now Shan state of Myanmar) annexed Mengding Prefecture and ordered tusehanqing to guard Gengma.

In 1599, the chieftain of Gengma captured Mengtuo, mengzhun and other places under the jurisdiction of the MengMian chief's lawsuit. The chieftain of MengMian was unable to resist, so the villages such as kekunshuai, manshe, lachang, manlu and chenai were given to the chieftain of Gengma.

In 1585 ad, the Ming Dynasty won the war with Myanmar and mubang, and restored Mengding Prefecture, with the empress of khange as the local magistrate; under Mengding Prefecture, Gengma pacification department was set up, and the chieftains of Gengma were granted Han as pacification envoys.

In 1660 ad, the Qing Dynasty still set up Mengding (TU) Fu and Gengma pacification department, which were transferred from Mengding (TU) Fu to Yongchang Junmin Fu, and Mengding (TU) Fu was also transferred to Yongchang Junmin Fu; in 1683 ad, Gengma pacification department was upgraded to Gengma Xuanfu department, which belonged to Yongchang Prefecture; in 1764 ad, Gengma Xuanfu department was changed to shunning Prefecture; in 1891 ad, Mengjiao and Mengdong were under the jurisdiction of Gengma Xuanfu department Enter the town hall.

In 1912, the national government assigned Mengding (TU) Fu and Xuanfu division of Gengma to zhenkang County; in 1942, Xuanfu division of Gengma was set up by zhenkang County, and Gengma was set up as the governing Bureau.

In 1951, the government led by the Communist Party set up various ethnic administrative committees in Gengma; in the same year, hewai of Gengma belonged to zhenkang, and Mengding of zhenkang belonged to Gengma; in 1952, Gengma Administrative Bureau and various ethnic administrative committees of Gengma were abolished, and Gengma county was established; in the same year, Gengma county was transferred from Baoshan District to Mianning district; in 1954, Mianning district was changed to Lincang district Gengma county belongs to Lincang district.

In 1955, Gengma county was abolished and Gengma Dai Wa Autonomous County was established, which belongs to Lincang Prefecture; in 1963, Gengma Dai Wa Autonomous County was changed into Gengma Dai Wa Autonomous County, which belongs to Lincang Prefecture; in 1970, Lincang Prefecture was changed into Lincang Prefecture, and Gengma Dai Wa Autonomous County belongs to Lincang Prefecture.

In 2003, Lincang district was abolished and prefecture level Lincang City was established. Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County belongs to Lincang City.

In 2005, Furong Lahu Lisu Township and hewai Township were abolished and merged into Mengding town; Gengma Dai Wa Autonomous County has 4 towns and 5 townships (Gengma Town, Mengding Town, Mengyong Town, mengsa Town, Daxing Town, manghong Lahu Bulang Township, sipaishan Township, mengjian Township and HEPAI township).

Current zoning

Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County governs 4 towns, 5 townships, 3 farms, 3 residents' committees and 82 villagers' committees, among which Mengding town is a sub County town and a first-class national open port.

geographical environment

Location context

Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County is located in the southwest of Lincang City, Yunnan Province, between 98 ° 48 ′～ 99 ° 54 ′ E and 23 ° 21 ′～ 24 ° 01 ′ n. It borders Linxiang district and Shuangjiang County in the East, Cangyuan County in the south, zhenkang county and Yongde County across the Nanting River in the north, and Myanmar in the West. The border line is 47 kilometers long.

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Lin Cang Shi Geng Ma Dai Zu Wa Zu Zi Zhi Xian