Tongjiang City, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province

Tongjiang Tongjiang City belongs to Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province. Tongjiang City is located in the South Bank of the intersection of Songhua River and Heilongjiang River in northeast Heilongjiang Province, between 132 ° 18 ′ 32 ″ - 134 ° 7 ′ 15 ″ E and 47 ° 25 ′ 47 ″ - 48 ° 17 ′ 20 ″ n. It is adjacent to Fuyuan city in the East, Fujin city and Raohe County in the south, Songhua River in the West and Suibin County in the west, and Heilongjiang Province in the north. The border is 170 km long. With a total area of 6300 square kilometers, it governs 6 towns, 2 townships and 2 ethnic townships, and has 6 state farms with a total population of 211609 (2015).

Tongjiang City is one of the "six small" ethnic groups in China. It is the main settlement of Hezhe ethnic group and the starting point of the north end of Tongsan highway, which runs through the main artery of North South Highway in China. There are two national nature reserves, bacha island and Honghe, and a jiejinshan National Forest Park. There is also Tongjiang port, a national first-class port.

In November 2015, it was listed as the second batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas.

In December 2017, the State Commission for democracy and people's livelihood named the fifth batch of national demonstration areas for national unity and progress. On May 5, 2019, the Heilongjiang provincial government approved Tongjiang City to withdraw from the sequence of poverty-stricken counties. In 2019, it was listed as the second batch of national agricultural product quality and safety counties. In November 2019, it will be included in the list of the second batch of counties (districts) meeting the water-saving society construction standards.

Historical evolution

Tongjiang City was originally named "Linjiang", and its native name was "lahasusu". In Hezhe language, it means "ruins" or "old house".

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, it belonged to the interior of Sushen Prefecture. It was called yilou in the Qin and Han Dynasties and Wuji in the northern and Southern Dynasties. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the name of Wuji disappeared and became the Heishui tribe. In 726 ad, the Tang Dynasty established the governor's office of Heishui Prefecture in the Heishui tribe, which was later ruled by the Liao and Jin Dynasties and the yuan and Ming Dynasties. On February 15, 1906 (January 22, the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), general Jilin set up Linjiang Prefecture in "lahasusu in the northeast of fukejin" (now the residence of Tongjiang municipal government), subordinate to Yilan Prefecture. On September 18 of the same year (the first day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar), Wu Shicheng, the prefect of the state, began to use the "Shishi" system. On June 2, 1909 (April 15, the first year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty), Linjiang Prefecture was upgraded to Northeast Road.

After the founding of the Republic of China, Linjiang Prefecture was changed to Linjiang County in March 1913. In February 1914, because of the same name as Linjiang County in Fengtian province, it was changed to Tongjiang County by order. In June of the same year, it belonged to Yilan Road (renamed from Northeast Road). In February 1929, the Dao system was abolished and Jilin Province was directly under the central government. After the fall of Northeast China, it was under the jurisdiction of Sanjiang Province in December 1934. In 1945, after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, it was put under the jurisdiction of Hejiang province.

On January 6, 1949, the Northeast administrative committee decided to abolish Tongjiang County and merge it into Fujin county. In June of the same year, it was designated as the Tenth District.

In 1955, it was changed to Tongjiang district.

On April 24, 1959, the provincial people's Committee decided to put Tongjiang district (including Tongjiang, Sancun and Leye township) of Fujin County under the jurisdiction of Fuyuan County, and changed Tongjiang District into Tongjiang Town, and the people's Committee of Fuyuan County moved to Tongjiang town.

On August 23, 1965, the State Council decided to set up Tongjiang County, with Tongjiang town and Leye, Sancun, Jiejinkou, bacha commune and Qindeli farm Township in the west of Fuyuan County as the administrative region of Tongjiang County. The county is located in Tongjiang town. Under the jurisdiction of Hejiang district. Meanwhile, Fuyuan County was relocated to Fuyuan town.

In January 1985, Hejiang district was officially abolished and put under the leadership of Jiamusi city.

On February 24, 1987, the State Council approved the abolition of Tongjiang County and the establishment of Tongjiang City at the county level.

administrative division

Tongjiang City governs 10 township level administrative regions, including 6 towns, 2 townships and 2 ethnic townships, namely Tongjiang Town, Leye Town, Sancun Town, Linjiang Town, Xiangyang Town, Qinghe town, Jinchuan Township, Yinchuan Township, Jiejinkou Hezhe Township and bacha Hezhe township. In addition, Tongjiang City has six provincial state farms, namely Honghe farm, Qianjin farm, Nongjiang farm, yaluhe farm, Qinglongshan farm and Qindeli farm, which are managed by Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation and construction Sanjiang Administration Bureau. Tongjiang Municipal People's government is located at No. 10, Xinglin Road, Tongjiang town.

geographical environment

Location context

Tongjiang City is located in the hinterland of Sanjiang Plain and the South Bank of the confluence of Heilongjiang and Songhua River. The geographical coordinates are 132 ° 18 ′ 32 ″ - 134 ° 7 ′ 15 ″ E and 47 ° 25 ′ 47 ″ - 48 ° 17 ′ 20 ″ n. It borders Fuyuan County in the East, Fujin city and Raohe County in the south, Songhua River in the West and Suibin County in the west, and Khabarovsk border region in Russia across Heilongjiang Province in the north. The border line is 170 kilometers long, with a total area of 6300 square kilometers.

climate

Tongjiang City is located in the middle temperate humid climate zone, belonging to the continental monsoon climate, with obvious differences in four seasons. Winter is cold and long, with northwest wind and dry climate; summer is short, warm and rainy, with southerly wind and concentrated rain, with relatively humid climate; in spring and autumn, due to the alternation of winter and summer monsoon, the climate is changeable and windy. The annual average temperature is 2.9 degrees, the average temperature in the coldest month (January) is - 20.0 degrees, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 40.8 degrees. The average temperature of the hottest month (July) is 22.1 degrees, and the extreme maximum temperature is 37.7 degrees. The annual average frost free period is 142 days. The annual average precipitation is 532.7mm, accounting for 79.2% of the annual precipitation from May to September. The annual average sunshine hours are 2600 hours, the accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 ℃ is 2083.3-2786.0 ℃, and the annual average is 2456.8 ℃.

terrain

Tongjiang City is a swamp plain with ancient alluvial subsidence, and a small number of mountains formed by sporadic veins of outer Xing'an Mountains. The total terrain is high in the southwest and low in the northeast, with an average altitude of 45m to 65m and a slope of 1 / 5000 to 1 / 8000. There is little difference in landform combination.

soil

Most of the soils in Tongjiang City are black soil, meadow soil and albic soil, among which meadow soil accounts for 61.2% of the total soil area of the city, black soil accounts for 21.1% and Albic Soil accounts for 5.3%.

natural resources

mineral resources

Up to 2012, more than 70 kinds of mineral resources have been discovered and proved, including copper, zinc, pyrite mineralization, placer gold, kaolin, lignite and limestone. The reserves of iron ore, manganese ore and coal are 4.4 billion tons, 6.4 million tons, 29.8 billion tons, 5 billion tons of oil and gas resources, 14 million tons of brucite and 62% of magnesium oxide.

Botany

Tongjiang City has a forest area of 710000 mu, with a forest coverage rate of 18.2%. There are more than 20 tree species, such as birch, oak, larch, yellow pineapple, Fraxinus mandshurica, hazelnut, walnut, grape and other dried fruits and berries, ferns, mushrooms, fungus, Hericium erinaceus and other fungi, and 229 kinds of mountain medicinal materials, such as Acanthopanax senticosus, astragalus, Codonopsis pilosula, chuandilong, with a total storage capacity of nearly 3 million kg.

animal

The wild animals in Tongjiang City include bear, wild boar, roe deer, pheasant, etc. There are 16 types and 73 species of fish. The main fish are Heilongjiang wild carp, big white fish, grass carp, crucian carp, etc., as well as the more expensive sturgeon and salmon.

Population nationality

As of 2012, Tongjiang has a total population of 210000, 80000 in rural areas and 130000 in urban areas. Among them, there are more than 1500 Hezhe people, accounting for one third of China's Hezhe population.

At the end of 2015, the total population of Tongjiang City was 211609, including 176160 permanent residents. There were 1187 births, with a birth rate of 6.738 ‰, 924 deaths, with a mortality rate of 5.245 ‰, and a natural growth rate of 1.493 ‰.

economic construction

overview

In 2012, Tongjiang's GDP reached 8.79 billion yuan, an increase of 15.5% compared with 2011. The budget revenue of public finance reached 220 million yuan, an increase of 33.5% compared with 2011; the investment in fixed assets of the whole society reached 4.87 billion yuan, an increase of 35.4% compared with 2011. The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 14834 yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers was 9458 yuan.

In 2015, the gross regional product was 10729.6 million yuan, an increase of 7.0% on a year-on-year basis at comparable prices. Among them: the added value of the primary industry was 7572.89 million yuan, up 6.8% year on year; the added value of the secondary industry was 947.94 million yuan, down 2.4% year on year; the added value of the tertiary industry was 2208.77 million yuan, up 12.6% year on year; the added value of the primary industry accounted for 70.58% of the GDP, the added value of the secondary industry accounted for 8.84% of the GDP, and the added value of the tertiary industry accounted for 8.84% It accounted for 20.58% of the GDP. The annual per capita GDP was 50705 yuan, an increase of 7.1% over the previous year. The economic growth contribution rate of the three industries was 4.6%, - 0.3% and 2.7%.

primary industry

Tongjiang City has a total area of 5.7 million mu of cultivated land, including 2.2 million mu of municipal cultivated land. It is rich in rice, corn and soybean, with an annual output of more than 1.3 billion jin of grain. It is an advanced county in China's grain production. Animal husbandry mainly to beef cattle, pigs, blue fox, poultry breeding. There are mainly Heilongjiang wild carp, big white fish, crucian carp, rare "three flowers and five Luo", sturgeon, salmon and so on.

In 2012, the area of rice and corn in Tongjiang City was increased to 810000 Mu and 850000 Mu respectively, and the total grain output reached 2.21 billion jin, realizing the goal of economic growth“

Chinese PinYin : Hei Long Jiang Sheng Jia Mu Si Shi Tong Jiang Shi