Mentougou District, Beijing Municipality

Mentougou District Mentougou District, subordinate to Beijing, is located in the western mountainous area of Beijing. It is an old district with a long history, culture and fine revolutionary tradition. As early as 10000 years ago, the "Donghulin people" of the early Neolithic Age flourished here. In the 29th year of Yanzhao King (283 BC), Shanggu, Yuyang, youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong were set up. Today, Shanggu and Yuyang are the two prefectures. Since then, the administrative system of the district has been changed many times, until it was named Mentougou District in May 1958.

In 2016, Mentougou District reconfirmed the national health city. In March 2020, it won the title of national advanced county of village cleaning action, and was praised by the central agricultural office and the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas. On July 29, 2020, it will be included in the list of national health cities (districts) reconfirmed in 2019. On October 9, 2020, it was awarded the title of the fourth batch of national ecological civilization construction demonstration cities and counties by the Ministry of ecological environment.

The origin of place names

Mentougou is located in the ancient road in the west of Beijing. There is a busy mountain road in old Beijing. It is an ancient road formed by camels, horses, coal and goods, day after day, year after year, back and forth on the mountain road and stone road. The ancient road from the capital to the western mountainous area is Jingxi ancient road. In the middle of this ancient road, at the west end of Mentougou Road, there is a place called Quanmen. Quanmen is the first place. To the west of Fengkou temple, there is a 13 Li Long Valley. In fact, the circle door is more like a wind and rain bridge. From west to East, Jingxi ancient road passes through the "ticket hole" of the Cross Street building, even if it enters the main road leading to Beijing, so people call it the gate of Mentougou, hence the name of Mentougou.

Historical evolution

Mentougou District, located in the western mountainous area of Beijing, is an old district with a long history, culture and fine revolutionary tradition. As early as 10000 years ago in the early Neolithic period, human beings have been living and reproducing here. About 10000 years ago, Donghulin people left their ancestral nest and came to live, live and reproduce on the Donghulin loess platform in Qingshui valley of Mentougou District. Human history has entered the new stone age from the Paleolithic Age. In the ruins of Donghulin people's life, necklaces made of small spiral shells and bone tin made of cattle ribs were found, reflecting the human pursuit of beauty and the germination of primitive animal husbandry. In addition, traces of ancient human life of this period have been found in dadonggong village and Baiyu village of Zhaitang town in Yanhe city.

Mentougou District is located in ancient Jizhou.

In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the region belonged to Ji and Yan. After Yan merged with Ji, it belonged to Yan. During the Warring States period, Yan was one of the seven heroes, including Shanggu, Yuyang, youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong. In the eastern part of the area, Longquan, Yongding and tanzhesi belong to Yuyang County, while the rest belong to Shanggu county. Unearthed from the tombs of the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period in Junzhuang village are the swords and coins, bronze swords and bronze daggers of the state of Yan, which show the economic, political and cultural development level of the territory at that time.

After the Qin Dynasty merged the six states, it had the system of prefectures and counties, which belonged to Guangyang county and Shanggu county.

During the Three Kingdoms period, the region belonged to Youzhou. In 250 ad, Liu jingtun, a general of the Wei Dynasty, was stationed in Youzhou. In order to solve the problem of military supplies and develop agricultural production, he organized more than 1000 soldiers to build a trunk canal (diversion canal) and a Liling weir (dam). He diverted the floating water (Yongding River) from Sanjiadian to Gaoliang River, making Jicheng irrigate 2000 hectares of farmland from north to south. This is the first large-scale water conservancy project in the history of Beijing.

Buddhism prevailed in the Western Jin Dynasty. In 316, Emperor Han of Jin dynasty built Tanzhe Temple, a famous Buddhist temple in the area. It was called Jiafu temple when it was first built, but later it was expanded and renamed. Because there is Longtan behind the temple and Zheshu in front of the temple, it is called tanzheshi. The Eastern Jin Dynasty was partial to the south. In the north, there was a separatist regime established by the minority rulers, which was known as "the Sixteen Kingdoms of Wuhu". In 446, the seventh year of Taiping Zhenjun in the Northern Wei Dynasty, more than 100000 people from the four prefectures of FASI, you, Ding, and Ji built jishangsaiwei, starting from Shanggu in the East and reaching the Yellow River in the West. Today, there are still traces of the great wall of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the territory. In the third year of Wuding in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (545), yuanle, the general of Pingyuan, employed more than 1500 migrant workers to build cities and guard the border in the northwest of Hebei Province.

In the Sui Dynasty, the north and the South were unified, and the prefectures and counties were set up. The east of shangweidian Township and Wangping district office is Jixian County of Youzhou, and the rest is JuYang County of Yanzhou. Wanshou temple is commonly known as Jietai Temple. Daye three years (607), state waste, district territory is Jixian, Huairong county.

In 781, Youdu county was set up in the west of Jixian County and the east of Guangping County, and Guangping County in the East. The county administration was moved from the original ancient city (Shijingshan District) to Xinguai village in the district (now divided into East and West Xinguai), which was the beginning of setting up a county in the territory. Guangqi middle-aged, home Yongxing County, Fanshan County, the western region is Fanshan county. In the third year of qianning (896), Li Ke enlisted Liu rengong, the envoy of the Lulong military festival in Youzhou, and was defeated by Liu when he crossed the muguajian (Qingshui River Basin in the area). Liu rengong withdrew Fanshan county and Youdu county to Yuhe County, and the whole district belongs to Yuhe county.

At the beginning of the Five Dynasties, Khitan forces entered North China. In the third year of Tianfu (938), Shi Jingtang, the emperor of the later Jin Dynasty, cut 16 states such as Yan and Yun to return to Qidan. Yuhe county belongs to Qidan. In the first year of Kaitai (1012), Liao Dynasty changed Youdu County into Wanping County, and the name of Wanping county began here. Song and Jin allied to attack Liao, Liao defeated, Yuhe county first belonged to song, then to Jin. In 1138, Yuhe county was abandoned and its territory belonged to Wanping county. In the Liao and Jin Dynasties, many eminent monks went to Tanzhe Temple and Jietai Temple to study Buddhism. Although Jietai Temple was built in Tang Dynasty, its scale and style are basically the style of Liao Dynasty. It is the most complete temple with the most cultural relics of Liao Dynasty preserved in northern China. In Yuan Dynasty, most of the area belonged to Wanping County, only Yanhecheng area belonged to Fanshan county at the beginning and Huailai County later. In 1340, Xiong Mengyang, a famous scholar, completed the writing of Xijin Zhi, an earlier famous local chronicle in Beijing.

In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1368), Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty was renamed Beiping Prefecture, and later Shuntian Prefecture, which belonged to Wanping county. In the 33rd year of Jiajing (1554), Yanhecheng area belonged to Wanping County, so far, the whole area belonged to Wanping county.

In October of 1914, shuntianfu was changed to Jingzhao, and Wanping county was attached to it. After the July 7th incident, the detachment of Deng Hua and song Shilun of the Eighth Route Army went to Zhaitang to open up the Pingxi Anti Japanese base.

In March 1938, the earliest people's political power in Beijing, Wanping county government, was established in dongzhaitang village. Due to the development and changes of the war, the jurisdiction of Wanping county government changed frequently.

On December 14, 1948, Mentougou was liberated.

In January 1949, after the establishment of the people's Government of Beiping City, the military control of Mentougou was assigned to Beiping city and named Mentougou District. In the beginning, it took the name of the District, and the residence was the kiln temple.

Before September 1952, the district was divided into two parts: one part was under the jurisdiction of Wanping County, Hebei Province, and the other part was under the jurisdiction of the 16th district (formerly known as Mentougou District, 28th district and 20th District) of Beijing City, including the current three towns of Longquan, Yongding and tanzhesi.

In September 1952, Jingxi mining area was set up. Wanping County of Hebei Province and the 16th district of Beijing city were merged into Jingxi mining area. Now Mentougou District is under the jurisdiction of Jingxi mining area.

In May 1958, it was named Mentougou District.

administrative division

Division evolution

In May 1958, the mining area in West Beijing was renamed Mentougou District after adjustment of zoning. In September, wulituo in Mentougou District was under the jurisdiction of Shijingshan District.

By the end of 1997, it had jurisdiction over 4 streets, 1 District, 10 townships, 189 administrative villages and 208 neighborhood committees: Datai street, Dayu street, dongxinfang street, Chengzi street, Wangping District, Longquan Town, Yongding town, Junzhuang Town, Yanchi Town, Qingshui Town, tanzhesi Town, Zhaitang town and Miaofengshan town.

In 2012, Mentougou District governed 4 streets (Dayu street, Chengzi street, dongxinfang street, Datai Street), 3 districts (Longquan District, Yongding District, Wangping District), 9 towns (Longquan Town, Yongding town, tanzhesi Town, Wangping Town, Junzhuang Town, Miaofengshan Town, Yanchi Town, Zhaitang town, Qingshui town)

Current situation of regionalization

By 2020, Mentougou District has 4 streets (Dayu street, Chengzi street, dongxinfang street, Datai Street), 9 towns (Wangping Town, Yongding town, Longquan Town, tanzhesi Town, Junzhuang Town, Yanchi Town, Zhaitang town, Qingshui Town, Miaofengshan town).

population

By the end of 2019, the permanent resident population of Mentougou District is 344000, an increase of 13000 over 2018. The total number of registered residence households is 122536, with a total population of 254102, of which 211624 are non-agricultural and 42478 are agricultural. The registered residence population has 2507 births throughout the year, 889 people died, the birth rate is 9.9%, the mortality rate is 3.5%, and the natural growth rate is 6.4%.

geographical environment

Location context

Mentougou District is located in the south by west of Beijing City, between 115 ° 25 ˊ 00 ″ - 116 ° 10 ˊ 07 ″ E and 39 ° 48 ˊ 34 ″ - 40 ° 10 ˊ 37 ″ n. It is 62 kilometers long from east to west and 34 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 1455 square kilometers. It is adjacent to Haidian District and Shijingshan District in the East, Fangshan District and Fengtai District in the south, Zhuolu County in Zhangjiakou City and Laishui County in Baoding City in the west, Changping District and Huailai County in Hebei Province in the north.

landforms

Mentougou District is located in the transition zone from huabeiping to Mongolian Plateau, with high terrain in the northwest and low terrain in the southeast. The strata in Mentougou area are mainly composed of Jixian system and Qingbaikou system of Sinian sub group, Cambrian system, Carboniferous system and Permian system of Lower Paleozoic

Chinese PinYin : Bei Jing Shi Shi Xia Qu Men Tou Gou Qu