Daowai District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province

Daowai District Daowai District is a municipal district of Harbin City in Heilongjiang Province, located in the Middle East of Harbin city. It lies between 45 ° 20 ′ - 46 ° 20 ′ N and 126 ° 15 ′ - 127 ° 30 ′ E. It borders Acheng District and Binxian County in the East, Daoli District in the west, Binzhou railway in the west, Nangang District and Xiangfang District in the south, Songbei district and Hulan District in the north. The total area of the region is 618.6 square kilometers, with a total population of 906000 by 2010. It has jurisdiction over 22 sub district offices, 3 towns, 1 Township, 115 communities and 38 administrative villages. The district government is located at 55 North 14th Street. In 2013, the GDP was 39.190 billion yuan.

Historical evolution

Daowai District is an old urban area formed and developed earlier in Harbin. According to historical records, as early as before the formation of Harbin, human beings have been living and developing here.

Before the Qing Dynasty

In Shang, Zhou and pre Qin Dynasties, it was the residential area of Sushen nationality.

During the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Fuyu state.

In the southern and Northern Dynasties (492), the Wuji people rose and destroyed Fuyu, which became the jurisdiction of the Wuji people.

In the Sui Dynasty, the Chegu part of the Wuji nationality protruded, and the Songhua River, Mudanjiang River Basin and the middle and upper reaches of Heilongjiang Province were all owned by them.

In the Tang Dynasty, Daowai District was formally incorporated into the territory, first under the Hebei Road, and then under the Mojie Prefecture of Bohai State. In the Five Dynasties, the Nuzhen nationality, which originated from the Heishui nationality in the Tang Dynasty, rose rapidly and distributed in the lower reaches of the Songhua River and Heilongjiang Province. Later, Liao Dynasty established Qidan state, which became the territory of shengnuzhen people. Jin Mie Liao (1125), which belongs to Jin Dynasty, is a marginal area in the northwest of Huining prefecture (today's Acheng City, South Baicheng) in the upper capital of Jin Dynasty. Houcheng village, Wanbao Town, Daowai District, is the site of the ancient city of Jin Dynasty. It is a military grain city for gathering grain and grass.

In the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), this place was under the jurisdiction of shuodawan.

In order to consolidate the feudal rule, Ming Dynasty set up many "Wei" and "Suo" in Northeast China, which first belonged to Yue Xiwei and then to ashWEI.

The Qing Dynasty

In the early Qing Dynasty, the Qing government lifted the ban, strengthened the northeast border defense, and delimited the area to the west of bizhanhe River on the North Bank of Heilongjiang under the jurisdiction of general ningguta to belong to the new general Longjiang. The jurisdiction of general Longjiang and general Jilin in Harbin area is bounded by Songhua River. Jiangnan and Jiangbei are under the jurisdiction of two generals respectively. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1662-1723), the Qing government set up a navy camp in Qianjin Township, the outer district of Jindao, and set up many official villages around the camp. Yongzheng four years (1726), set up Jilin alechuka association leading yamen, address in Shangjing Huining house, so far, here is alechuka deputy Dutong jurisdiction.

Huining prefecture has become the ruling center of Shangjing in Jin Dynasty. It is located in the northwest edge of Huining Prefecture in Shangjing City, where pastures for grazing and beaches for fishing have been formed. People call this place "Racecourse dianzi". Later, gangjiadian, Wujiazi (Fujiadian) and other villages gradually formed, which was the predecessor of Daowai District. With the formation and development of Fujiadian and its surrounding villages, the "Fujiadian Office Committee" was formed in 1905 to manage local autonomy. In the same year, Jilin general Dagui Association and Heilongjiang governor Cheng Dequan jointly set up "Jilin Binjiang pass road" in Fujiadian. The office address of Daotai mansion is now in No.8 courtyard, Jianye Lane 1, North shibadao street, Daowai.

In 1907, the Qing government approved the establishment of "riverside hall, Jiangfang Tongzhi", which was located in shiyidao street, south of Xiandao street, to govern fujiandian, gangjiadian, sijiazi and other villages. The next year (1908), he Houqi, a riverside defense fellow at the riverside hall, thought that the word "dian" in Fu Jiadian had a narrow meaning and changed "dian" into "dian". Since then, Fu Jiadian has become the earliest name of Daowai District.

In April of 1909, the first year of Xuantong reign of Qing Dynasty, in order to strengthen the governance, the governors of the three eastern provinces invited the Qing government to change the name of "Tongzhi" of Binjiang department to "Tongzhi of Binjiang Department of Shuangcheng Prefecture". In the third year of Xuantong (1911), 61 villages in the northeast corner of Shuangcheng were assigned to Binjiang Fenfang Tongzhi, and their jurisdiction was extended to the areas with weitanggou in the west, achengjie in the East, qitun camp in shuangchengfu in the south, and the South Bank of Songhua River in the north. They are more than 70 Li wide from east to west, 40 Li long from north to south, more than 110 villages, more than 40000 cultivated land, and more than 5280 households. Except for Daoli, Nangang, Xiangfang and other places under the jurisdiction of tsarist Russia, other areas are under the jurisdiction of Binjiang hall.

the Republic of China era

In 1920, Heilongjiang provincial governor's office set up majiachuankou Municipal Council in majiachuankou, which was changed into Songbei Municipal Council in February of the same year and Songpu Municipal Office in August 1925. Jiangnan Fudian (now outside the road) is under the jurisdiction of Jilin general.

In 1913, it was renamed Binjiang county. In 1927, it set up the municipal preparatory office. In May 1929, it established Binjiang City, and designated Fujiadian, sijiazi, Quanhe and Taipingqiao as the districts of Binjiang city. Binjiang county is only the rural part of the original county.

In 1932, the Japanese occupied Harbin. The next year, Binjiang city and Songpu city were merged into Harbin city. At the same time, they were divided into Dongfu District, xifujia district and Songpu district.

After the liberation of Harbin on April 28, 1946, Fujia District in the East and West was changed into Fujia District in the East, West and North. Soon afterwards, beifujia district was withdrawn.

After the founding of new China

In 1956, the East and West Fujia districts were merged and renamed Daowai District. There are three townships and 14 sub district offices in the District, including 12 sub district offices in Jiangnan City and 2 sub district offices in Jiangbei suburb.

On March 24, 2004, Daowai District was formally merged with the former Taiping District, and the new district was named Daowai District. After the zoning adjustment, the former three towns in Jiangbei are under the management of Songbei District, which has jurisdiction over 22 sub district offices and one township and one town.

In September 2006, Juyuan and Yongyuan, two towns of the former Acheng City, were divided into Daowai District, which has jurisdiction over 22 sub district offices, one township and three towns.

In February 2013, with the approval of the Provincial Department of civil affairs, Minzhu township was removed from township to town, with 22 sub district offices and 4 towns under its jurisdiction.

administrative division

In June 2014, Daowai District has jurisdiction over 22 streets, 3 towns and 1 township: Jingyu Street, Taigu street, Donglai street, Binjiang street, Renli street, Chongjian street, Zhenjiang street, Dongyuan street, Daxing street, Shengli Street, Nanma street, Minqiang street, dayoufang street, nanzhilu street, Huahua street, tietou Street, Xinyi street, sankeshu street Cement road street, Taiping Street Street, Lihua street, Xinle street, Tuanjie Town, Yongyuan Town, Juyuan Town, Minzhu township; youth farm.

geographical environment

Location context

Daowai District is located between 45 ° 20 ′ - 46 ° 20 ′ N and 126 ° 15 ′ - 127 ° 30 ′ E. It borders Acheng District and Binxian County in the East, Daoli District in the west, Binzhou railway in the west, Nangang District and Xiangfang District in the south, Songbei district and Hulan District in the north. The total area of the region is 618.6 square kilometers.

Climatic characteristics

Daowai District is located in the central and eastern part of Harbin city. It has a mid temperate continental climate with four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 3.5 ℃. The average temperature in the coldest month (January) is - 19.4 ℃. The average temperature in the hottest month (July) is 22.8 ℃. The annual average precipitation is 530mm. The rainy season is concentrated in July and August, and the frost free period is about 136 days. The whole winter is under the control of the polar continental air mass, and the summer is affected by the subtropical ocean air mass. The monsoon alternates in spring and autumn, and its type is temperate continental monsoon climate.

In winter, from November of that year to march of the next year, the coldest is in January of each year, the average temperature is minus 20.3 ℃, and the lowest is minus 38 ℃. The whole winter precipitation is very little, generally accounting for about 6% of the total annual precipitation, the climate is cold and dry. The highest temperature is 22.8 ℃ in July every year, and the highest temperature can reach above 36 ℃. Generally, the temperature above 22 ℃ is about 40 days.

There are many rainy days in summer, and the precipitation is large. Generally, the summer precipitation accounts for about 65% of the annual precipitation, and the shower is the most. The rainy days in the year are generally 40 days. In April of every year, the temperature begins to rise and cyclones are frequent, which makes the temperature changeable and the range of temperature rise and fall is large. The temperature can last for 60 days between 10 ℃ and 22 ℃. At this time, the wind is strong, mostly southwest, sometimes up to level 8. Precipitation is not much, generally accounting for about 12% of the total annual precipitation.

From the last ten days of September every year, cold air begins to invade and the temperature drops. The average temperature in October can drop to about 5 ℃. Frost appears early, and the first frost can occur in late September. During this period, the precipitation decreased, accounting for about 18% of the annual precipitation. The frost free period is 135 days and the frost period is 221 days. The number of days with the average daily temperature below zero accounts for 45% of the whole year. The number of days with the average daily temperature below minus 10 ℃ is 120-210 days, the number of days with the average daily temperature below minus 20 ℃ is 66 days, and the number of days with the average daily temperature below minus 30 ℃ is generally six or seven days.

natural resources

water resource

Tianheng mountain, the only natural mountain in the suburb of Harbin, is located in Tuanjie Town, only 3km away from the urban area, with Songhua River in the north, Ashe River in the West and hatong highway in the south. The total area is more than 3000 hectares. The altitude is between 120 and 215 meters, and the forest vegetation coverage area is more than 70%. Tianheng mountain is rich in underground water, which has been appraised by the mineral water evaluation committee of Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Geology and mineral resources, and has reached the national standard of drinking natural mineral water.

"One river and two rivers" (34.7 km of Songhua River, 7.45 km of Ashi River and 9 km of Majiagou River) flow through Daowai District, with abundant surface water resources.

Animal and plant resources

Up to 2010, the main plant resources in Daowai District are Pinus koraiensis, Larix gmelinii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica, etc

Chinese PinYin : Hei Long Jiang Sheng Ha Er Bin Shi Dao Wai Qu