Horqin Left Wing Middle Banner, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Keerqin Left Wing Middle Banner Keerqin Left Wing Middle Banner is located between 121 ° 08 'e to 123 ° 32' e and 43 ° 32 'n to 44 ° 32' n. It is located in the golden triangle area where Inner Mongolia, Jilin and Liaoning provinces meet and belongs to Tongliao City. The area is 9811 square kilometers.

Keerqin Left Wing Middle Banner belongs to Tongliao City, with a total population of 540000 (2010). Horqin Left Wing Middle Banner has 15 ethnic groups, including Mongolian, Han, Manchu, Hui, Korean, Daur and Ewenki. Among them, the Mongolian population is 395000, accounting for 73.6% of the total population. It is the banner county with the largest Mongolian population at county level in China.

On December 7, 2016, Keerqin Left Wing Middle Banner was listed as the third batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas.

On October 22, 2018, it was selected into the list of pilot areas for the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries in 2018. On March 4, 2020, the people's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region agreed to withdraw Horqin Left Wing Middle Banner from the sequence of poverty-stricken counties.

Evolution of organizational system

KeZuoZhong banner has a long history. Some people lived here as early as the Neolithic Age of 4500 years ago. At that time, people living here were mainly engaged in farming, animal husbandry and hunting.

During the Five Dynasties, when the Khitan state was ruled by Liao Dynasty, the area of KeZuoZhong banner belonged to the east of Shangjing road and the north of Dongjing road.

Jin Dynasty, Jin chengliao rule, Ke Zuozhong banner this area is under the jurisdiction of linhuangfu.

As early as before the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, this area of KeZuoZhong banner belonged to the fiefdom of Genghis Khan's founding minister and relatives. Bo Tu, the leader of yiqiles family, was Genghis Khan's brother-in-law first, then his son-in-law, and was granted King Chang. The Yuan Dynasty implemented the system of provinces, under which there were roads, prefectures, prefectures and counties. Liaoyang xingzhongshu province is set up in the northeast, and KeZuoZhong banner is located in Kaiyuan Road of Liaoyang xingzhongshu province.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the Mongolians who retreated to the north were divided into three tribes: Wala tribe in the northwest, Tatar tribe in the north and wuliangha tribe in the northeast. The Horqin tribe belongs to one branch of Tatar Mongols. It is the descendant of habutuhasar, the second younger brother of Genghis Khan, the emperor Taizu of the Yuan Dynasty. It was granted land in Hulunbuir grassland. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, kumonktas Hara, the fourteenth grandson of hasar (then the chief of Tatar tribe), led the tribe to move southward and nomaded on the grassland between Nenjiang River and Liaohe River. Quemenktas Hara is located in Keerqin of Nenjiang River. From then on, the land from nenjiangnan to Liaohe in the North was called Horqin grassland. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Horqin tribe had developed into a strong tribe of the whole Monan Mongolia, and its power was only inferior to Chahar tribe. Chahar tribe is the direct descendant of Genghis Khan. Its tribal leader inherited the Mongolian Khan position. Therefore, Horqin tribe belongs to Chahar tribe.

The Horqin Mongols who first set foot on the land of KeZuoZhong banner were manggus and his followers.

In 1593 A.D., manggus and Ming'an, together with Weng Adai, took part in the battle of gule mountain, which attacked Nurhachi. Weng Adai and manggus were defeated and captured. Nurhachi gave them virtue and gave them royal clothes. In 1624, the leaders of Horqin tribe were deeply grateful to Nurhachi, so they asked Nurhachi to form an alliance. Nurhachi sent Bakshi, Xifu and kurchan to Kerqin, where he made an alliance with Baima Wuniu in yiketanggelipo (huatugula area of jinkezuozhong banner). The act of alliance enabled the Horqin tribe to find shelter from Nurhachi, so as to get rid of the brutal rule of Chahar. Nurhachi realized the step of disintegrating Mongolia.

The royal family of the later Jin Dynasty and the Mongol princes of the Horqin tribe married each other, taking the blood relationship as the link to achieve the purpose of Jimi Mongolia.

In 1636 ad, 49 Taiji, a member of the 16 Mongolians in southern Mongolia, gathered in Shengjing (now Shenyang) and, together with the Manchu and Han nobles, presented the title of "bokedachen Khan" to Huangtaiji. Huang Taiji called himself Emperor, changed the name of the country to Qing Dynasty, and granted Mongolian Taiji. Zaishang's eldest son, Wu Keshan, was named Prince zhuoliketu. In the same year, the Qing government carried out the league and flag system in Mongolia, and sent officials to demarcate the flag boundary, make up the cattle record and the Ding book. This banner was determined to be Horqin Left Wing Middle Banner, which was directly under the jurisdiction of Mongolian yamen (later changed to Li Fan yuan), supervised by Zhelimu League, and controlled by Shengjing general. Since the Qing Dynasty, the Qing court has given the most titles to the Mongolian nobles in KeZuoZhong banner. The first zazazak was Prince Manzhu Xili of Darhan batulu, and the last zazazak was Prince namuzileseleng of Darhan, which went through 14 generations.

In 1912, after the founding of the Republic of China, the government of the Republic of China adopted the zasa restraint and feudal system in the Qing Dynasty in Mongolia. According to the Mongolian treatment regulations promulgated by the president of the Republic of China, the Mongolian princes of KeZuoZhong banner were generally promoted to one level. During the period of the Republic of China, KeZuoZhong banner was subordinate to the Mongolian and Tibetan court of the government of the Republic of China (later changed to the Mongolian and Tibetan Committee), and was under the jurisdiction of the Fengtian governor.

In 1932, the puppet Manchukuo was founded, and KeZuoZhong banner was renamed dongkezhong banner, which was under the jurisdiction of the puppet Xing'an Annan province (later changed to Xing'an Nan Province). The Puppet Manchurian authorities cancelled all the privileges of the Mongol princes and took all the land of the Mongol princes back to the "state" in the name of "land offered".

On August 15, 1945, Japan declared its unconditional surrender and the puppet Manchukuo collapsed. In October of that year, the autonomous government of dongkezhong banner was established, which was under the jurisdiction of the administrative office of Xing'an south region of the Eastern Mongolian Autonomous Government. In 1946, the government of Zhelimu League was established. Bayantala, the seat of the autonomous government of dongkezhong banner, is also the seat of the government of Zhelimu League.

In April 1946, Zhelimu League was abolished and Zhelimu province was established. Its residence is still in Bayantala. Two months later, Zhelimu province was abolished and the establishment of Zhelimu League was restored.

In May 1947, the people's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was established, and dongkezhong banner autonomous government was renamed dongkezhong banner people's government, which is under the jurisdiction of Zhelimu League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's government. Because of the war environment at that time, dongkezhong banner and Zhelimu League were successively managed by Liaoji province and Liaobei province.

In September 1949, dongkezhong banner was no longer under the jurisdiction of Liaobei Province, but under the jurisdiction of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. At the same time, the title of Keerqin left wing banner was restored until the founding of the people's Republic of China.

geographical environment

Location context

Keerqin Left Wing Middle Banner, belonging to Tongliao City, is located at 121 ° 08 ′～ 123 ° 32 ′ E and 43 ° 32 ′～ 44 ° 32 ′ n. Located in the east end of Tongliao City, the southeast edge of Daxinganling and the North Bank of Xiliao River, it is the transition zone from Songliao plain to Inner Mongolia Plateau. It is 191 kilometers long from east to west and 116 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total land area of 9811 square kilometers.

It is adjacent to Tongliao City and Horqin Left wing rear banner in the south, Kailu County in the southwest, Zhalute banner in the northwest, Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner and Tongyu County in Jilin Province in the north, Changling County and Shuangliao County in Jilin Province in the East and Southeast.

Baokang Town, where the banner government is located, is 1400 km away from Hohhot, 120 km away from Horqin district, where the Tongliao municipal government is located, 180 km away from Changchun, 290 km away from Shenyang, 390 km away from Harbin, and 500-700 km away from Dalian, Tianjin and other port cities.

topographic features

Horqin Left Wing Middle Banner belongs to plain landform. Under the alluvial and aeolian factors, it has the characteristics of undulation, meadow, sand dune, lake and marsh. The terrain inclines from northwest to Southeast. There is a small peak, named glassy mountain, within the boundary of erlensuokesumu in the southeast, which is a basalt volcanic cone erupted in the late Cenozoic tertiary. It is 259.3 meters above sea level and covers an area of about 1.6 square kilometers. The average altitude is between 120-215 meters.

Climatic characteristics

Keerqin Left Wing Middle Banner has a temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. In spring, it warms up quickly and is windy and sandy; in summer, it rains and heats synchronously and the rainfall is concentrated; in autumn, it cools down quickly; in winter, it is dry and cold for a long time. The annual maximum temperature is 35.8 ℃, the minimum temperature is - 25.1 ℃, the annual average temperature is 7.1 ℃, the frost free period is 202 days, the annual sunshine is 2891.7 hours, and the rainfall is 269.7 mm. The annual average temperature is 5.525 ℃. The average daily temperature in January is - 16.2 ℃ to - 14.9 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 33.9 ℃, the average daily temperature in July is 23.7 ℃ to 24.1 ℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 39.8 ℃. The duration of annual average daily temperature above 5 ℃ is 188 days in the west, 197 days in the East, 136 days in the East and 149 days in the West. The average annual precipitation is 342.0 mm in the West and 430.3 mm in the East. The maximum annual precipitation is 679.1 mm and the minimum annual precipitation is 169.9 mm.

hydrology

There are four rivers in Keerqin Left Wing Middle Banner, including Xiliao River and its tributaries Xinkai River, wulijimuren River (the river used to be a tailless River, but after 1985, it flowed into Xinkai River through manual excavation), Qinghe River, all of which belong to Liaohe River system. The river runoff in the territory is 585.3 million cubic meters. The density of river network is 0.04 km / km2.

natural resources

mineral resources

As of 2010, the main proven minerals in the territory are Changyan coal mine in the area from Baolongshan to jiamatu, with mineral reserves of about 100 million tons; Baishi area of Menda town has silica placer, with mineral reserves of about 50 million tons. There are 527 species of wild plants, belonging to 70 families, 214 genera and 497 species, among which 365 species are edible for livestock and more than 80 species can be used as medicine. The annual output of Ephedra and Glycyrrhiza can reach 6000 tons and 100 tons respectively.

water resource

Keerqin Left Wing Middle Banner is rich in groundwater resources, with an average annual groundwater reserves of 673 million Li

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu Tong Liao Shi Ke Er Qin Zuo Yi Zhong Qi