Hunchun City, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province

Hunchun City, belonging to Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province, is located in the east of Jilin Province and the southeast of Yanbian Prefecture. It has been granted the administrative authority of prefecture level municipal government, and is a pilot city for the reform of expanding power and strengthening county in Jilin Province. The administrative region is bounded by hunchunling and Hassan District of Russia's coastal border region, bordered by Tumen River in the southwest and Luoxian city in Korea, bordered by Laoyeling and Wangqing County in the north, bordered by Tumen City in the northwest and Dongning city in Heilongjiang Province in the northeast, with a total area of 5141 square kilometers.

Hunchun has a long history. As early as 4000 years ago in the Neolithic age, "Sushen" people flourished in the territory. It is located in the border city of China, Korea and Russia. It is one of the first four open cities along the border. In April 2012, the State Council approved the establishment of China's Tumen River regional (Hunchun) International Cooperation Demonstration Zone, marking the Tumen River regional cooperation and development as a national strategy. Hunchun has international cooperation demonstration zone, border economic cooperation zone, comprehensive bonded zone, Sino Russian trade zone and other national special areas. It enjoys the state-owned brand policies of opening up along the border, rejuvenating the northeast, frontier ethnic minorities, and western development. In January 2020, the Jilin provincial Party committee and government issued the "opinions on supporting Hunchun to carry out marine economic cooperation and development demonstration"; in May 2020, the national development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of natural resources jointly replied to support the construction of Jilin Hunchun marine economic development demonstration zone. Hunchun has a good natural ecology, with national scenic spot Fangchuan scenic spot, Tumen River National Forest Park, northeast tiger and far east leopard nature reserve, Oriental first sentry, Tuzi stone boundary monument, folk Korean Village and other scenic spots.

In 2019, Hunchun had 4 streets, 4 towns, 5 townships and 1 forestry bureaus, with 228 thousand and 169 registered residence population and 2.5% regional gross domestic product. The total industrial output value of above scale increased 6.2%, the total fiscal revenue was 1 billion 710 million yuan, the local fiscal revenue was 894 million yuan, and the total retail sales of social consumer goods increased by 3.3% over the same period.

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

The origin of the name "Hunchun". The name "Hun Dun" first appeared in the history of Jin Dynasty, and later appeared in the history of Ming Dynasty. It was called Nuzhen language, which means "Bian Di, Bian Bian, Bian Zou (corner), Jin Bian" in Manchu.

According to the records of Hunchun county annals and Hunchun local annals, hundun is the change of the word "Woju" in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. All Wuji, woji and Fuyu have the same sound. In many historical materials, "Hun Dun" also wrote "Hun Nao Hun", "Wen Che hen", "Hun Dun Hun", "Fu chuhun", "Fu Chuchun", "Xun Chun" and so on, and finally transliterated into "Hunchun". From "Woju" to "hundun" and then to "Hunchun", there are great changes, but they are all caused by different Chinese characters used in Manchu transliteration in different historical periods. "Hunchun" is the last stable transliteration.

History of construction

The history of Hunchun can be traced back to the Neolithic age. More than 4000 years ago in the Neolithic Age of the primitive society, the "Sushen" people, the ancestors of the Manchu, lived and multiplied in Hunchun. As of 2013, more than 20 Neolithic sites have been found.

As Hunchun was far away from the mainland, its productivity was relatively backward at that time. In the Qin and Han Dynasties in Central China, Hunchun began to enter the bronze age. At that time, the production mode of sushenren had developed. Besides fishing and hunting, planting and breeding had played an important role.

In the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, it was a place of prudence.

The Han and Jin Dynasties were yilou. According to the records in the annals of the Three Kingdoms and the new book of the Tang Dynasty, as early as the second year of Heping (27 BC), the city of Wente Hebu in Hunchun city is already the gate city of Koguryo.

The Northern Wei Dynasty belonged to Wuji.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Hunchun entered its first prosperous period. From the Sui Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty, it was in the south of funaipei and in the east of Baishan. Fangchuan in Hunchun was the "Japanese Road and Maritime Silk Road" in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The economic culture and folk religion of Tang Dynasty spread to Japan, which promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between the two countries. The Tang Dynasty belonged to the Bohai State. Its capital was built in baliancheng, Hunchun, and it belonged to Longyuan mansion in Tokyo. At that time, Hunchun had become a famous international commercial port in Northeast Asia, and its jurisdiction included Vladivostok and other regions. In the Bohai period of the Tang Dynasty, there was Tokyo Longyuan mansion in Hunchun, under which there were four prefectures and eighteen counties.

During the Jin Dynasty, it was the site of Zhaoji king of wanyanbu, and later belonged to Hailan road of Shangjing.

Yuan Dynasty belongs to Kaiyuan Road.

In the Ming Dynasty, hunchunwei was set up here, which has always been regarded as an important border stronghold. In the Ming Dynasty, milawei, wuerhunshanwei and tongkuanshanwei (today's tongkenshan in Hunchun) under the command of nuergandu were all located in Hunchun. At the end of Ming Dynasty, it was occupied by shumulu family of Manchu.

In the 10th year of Shunzhi reign of Qing Dynasty (1653), this place was under the jurisdiction of ningguta angbang Zhangjing, which was a closed area. In 1714, the Qing government set up Huichun Xieling, which is the first time that the place name of Hunchun appeared officially. In the following year, it began to build the Xieling Yamen in the north of hundunshui (that is, Hunchun River), and began to build the city. Yongzheng seven years (1729 years) under the ningguta vice Du Tong. In the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859), Hunchun Xieling was promoted to vice capital Tonglian. From the eighth year of Tongzhi to the first year of Guangxu (1869-1875), a large number of Koreans crossed the Tumen River to make a living due to famine and war, forming the rudiment of Hunchun Korean nationality. In the seventh year of Guangxu (1881), Xieling was abolished and vice capital of Hunchun was established. The whole territory of Yanji was under the jurisdiction of vice capital of Hunchun. Hunchun was added with Deputy Dutong. The first deputy Dutong built a city in Hunchun according to ketanga. In the same year, Jilin border affairs supervision office and Hunchun Reclamation Bureau were set up. In July 1886, Wu Dashu, the left Deputy censor of the Imperial Academy, signed the Sino Russian East boundary Treaty of Hunchun with Russia, re surveying the Sino Russian border in Hunchun area, which made it clear that China had the right to go to sea on the Tumen River. Guangxu 15 years (1889) changed to Hunchun house. In the first year of Xuantong (1909), Hunchun hall was set up to recruit people to reclaim wasteland, garrison troops in Jingbian, set up anti Russian fort, build roads and set up post stations, which made Hunchun enter a period of reconstruction. In 1910, Hunchun hall was set up under southeast road.

In 1913, Hunchun hall was changed to Hunchun county. In 1929, the Northeast government affairs committee was established, abolishing the road system, and the county was returned to the province directly under the central government. Hunchun county is a first-class County in Jilin Province. In June of 1914, the government of the Republic of China paid more attention to the system of changing the southeast road to Yanji Road, and removed Hunchun hall to build a county. Hunchun county was under the jurisdiction of Yanji Road. At the end of July and the beginning of August in 1938, there was a military conflict between Japan and the Soviet Union around the two highlands of zhanggufeng and shacaofeng in Hunchun Fangchuan, which was called "zhanggufeng incident" in history. Because the campaign changed the historical process of the Second World War, Mao Zedong wrote the article "the interests of the Soviet people and the Chinese people are consistent". The famous Soviet song Katyusha was born in the event of Zhang Gufeng.

In 1945, Northeast China recovered. In October, the democratic government of Hunchun county was established and put under the jurisdiction of Yanbian District of Jihe District Administrative Committee. In November, Hunchun County democratic government was established. On November 21, the county was divided into one city and eight districts. It belongs to Yanbian administrative inspector Office of Jilin provincial government. In January 1946, Hunchun County belonged to Jidong province of Jilin Province. In 1947, the plan of northeast new provinces was announced, which changed northeast into nine provinces. Hunchun county was under the jurisdiction of Songjiang province. Later, Hunchun was successively called County, urban area, Chengguan District, first district and town. In February 1947, Hunchun County belonged to Yanbian district; in September 1947, Yanbian district was renamed Jidong district; in March 1948, Jidong district was renamed Yanbian district. On May 30, 1949, Hunchun county government changed its name to Hunchun County People's government.

On September 3, 1952, the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Region was established, and Hunchun county belongs to the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Region.

December 1955, according to the constitution. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Region was changed into an autonomous prefecture, and Hunchun county is subordinate to the Autonomous Prefecture. In the same year, the people's Government of Hunchun county changed its name to the people's Committee of Hunchun county.

On June 14, 1988, Jilin Provincial People's government document notice: the Ministry of civil affairs document approval, with the approval of the State Council, agreed to cancel Hunchun County, the establishment of Hunchun city (county-level city). The former administrative region of Hunchun county is the administrative region of Hunchun city. The newly established Hunchun city is still under the jurisdiction of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture.

In July 1988, the State Council approved the withdrawal of Hunchun county to build a city. In December of the same year, the provincial government approved Hunchun as a provincial Development Zone.

In 1990, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) put forward the "big picture initiative". It aims to strengthen the greater Tumen River region to achieve greater space for growth and sustainable development, make use of the principle of complementary advantages of each country, and focus on the development of transportation, trade, investment, tourism and other fields.

On October 24, 1991, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) listed Tumen River area as a key development project of the United Nations and determined to establish a transnational free trade zone with Hunchun city as the core to promote cooperation among countries in the region.

On November 18, 1991, Hunchun was approved as a class a open city, which officially opened the prelude of reform and opening up in Hunchun.

On March 9, 1992, the State Council approved Hunchun as a further opening city along the border.

In September 1992, the State Council approved the establishment of Hunchun border economic cooperation zone.

On April 4, 1993, the State Council approved the passing of passengers at Hunchun port and allowed the entry of third countries.

On April 27, 2000, the State Council approved the establishment of Hunchun export processing zone.

On February 1, 2001, the State Council approved the establishment of the Sino Russian Trade Zone, and Hunchun became the only trade zone in China

Chinese PinYin : Ji Lin Sheng Yan Bian Chao Xian Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Hui Chun Shi