Paracel Islands, Hainan

Paracel Islands Paracel Islands (XishaIslandsorParacelIslands, also called palacal Islands), is one of the four archipelago of the South China Sea Islands. It is composed of Yongle archipelago and the hant islands. It is the largest land in the South China Sea, with the North reef, the south to the pioneer beach, the east to the West Beach and the west to Zhongjian island. It is under the jurisdiction of Xisha District, Sansha City, Hainan Province.

The Dongsha Islands China is located at the north latitude 15 degrees 46 '- 17 degrees 08', East 111 degrees 11 '- 112 degrees 54', between the Chinese mainland, the Dongsha Islands and Hainan Island, and Zhongsha, Spratly Islands, the central link, for China and the South Sea Islands, the South China Peninsula and India Ocean countries to exchange the south sea route. The administrative center of the three Shashi is in Yongxing Island, Paracel Islands.

Paracel Islands is distributed in about 500000 square kilometers of sea area. There are 22 islands, 7 sandbars, 8 atolls, 1 reefs, 1 reef beaches, the total land area is about 10 square kilometers, and the coastline is 518 kilometers long. Among them, Yongxing island is the largest, with an area of 3.2 square kilometers (including Shidao). Shidao is the highest, with an altitude of 15.9 meters. Gaojianshi of Dongdao atoll is the only volcanic breccia island in the South China Sea.

Paracel Islands has been a sacred and inviolable territory of China since ancient times. It was called nine breasts (stones), seven continents (oceans), Changsha, and thousands of miles Changsha. Coral island was occupied by Saigon regime of South Vietnam since 1956. On January 17, 1974, Vietnamese army occupied Ganquan island and Jinyin island. The Xisha war took place from January 19 to 20, 1974, and China took advantage of the victory to recover the three islands.

Jurisdictional governance

In the pre Qin period, Hainan Island and Nanhai islands belonged to the Central Plains Dynasty. In the end of the Qin Dynasty, during the war in China, Zhao Tuo, a prefect of Nanhai, annexed three counties and established Nanyue. Hainan Island and Nanhai islands were under the jurisdiction of Nanyue (Guangdong). In the sixth year of Yuanding in the Western Han Dynasty (111 BC), Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty sent Fubo general Lu bode and General Yang Buping of louchuan to settle the chaos in southern Guangdong, and set up nine counties, including daner, zhuya, Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen and rinan, with daner and zhuya on Hainan Island. During the Three Kingdoms period (220-265), the South China Sea was under the jurisdiction of Wu state. In the third to sixth year of Daye (607-610), Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty set up zhuya, daner and Linzhen counties on Hainan Island, and the South China Sea Islands were under the jurisdiction of Linzhen county. In the first year of Zhenguan reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty (627), Hainan set up Yazhou Dudu Fu, which was in charge of Yazhou, Danzhou and Zhenzhou. Nanhai islands were included in the territory of Yazhou Dudu Fu, which was subordinate to Zhenzhou. China's sovereignty over Nanhai islands was officially established. the Song Dynasty inherited the administrative construction of the Tang Dynasty. Paracel Islands belongs to Qiongzhou Prefecture. In December of the lunar calendar in 1277, the second year of Jingyan in the Southern Song Dynasty, in order to avoid the pursuit of the yuan army, Zhao Shi, Emperor duanzong of the Song Dynasty, went to the qizhouyang (Xuande archipelago in Xisha) via the coast of Fujian and Guangdong, and lived on the sandbank for more than two months. The yuan army carried out Sea Patrol activities in the South China Sea through Xisha and Spratly Islands. In the Ming Dynasty, the Paracel Islands belonged to Wanzhou. In order to ensure navigation safety, the Ming Dynasty dispatched the navy to escort and strengthen the Sea Patrol. Qing Dynasty, belonging to the sea area of Qiongzhou capital of Guangdong Province, is under the jurisdiction of Wanzhou. In the first year of Xuan Tong (1909), Li Zhun, the governor of Guangdong, visited the Paracel Islands on 3 ships, namely, Guang Fu, Guang Jin and Chen Hang. He boarded the islands for scientific expedition, surveying and mapping maps, investigating resources, and naming 15 monument in the islands and reefs, and rising the flag in Yongxing island. Fifteen years (1835), Daoguang sent a team to Paracel Islands to build a tower. In the twenty-eight year (1902) of Guangxu, there were 2 monument in the North Island of Paracel Islands. In the thirty-four year of Guangxu (1908), the Qing government established a lighthouse at Paracel Islands with the request of relevant foreign governments to facilitate navigation of ships on the South China Sea. In the first year of 1909 (1909), Zhang Renjun, governor of Guangdong, set up the Preparatory Office of the Paracel Islands to prepare for the operation of the 10 affairs of the Xisha. In April, the staff of the preparatory office were divided into 3 parts, namely, Fu Bo, Guang Jin and Chen Hang, to be revisited by Paracel Islands in Guangzhou. In the two years (1910), the Qing government formulated 10 official articles of association, so that the Paracel Islands Preparatory Office of the Guangdong Consultative Council organized the bureau to organize the development of Dongsha and Xisha. Xuan Tong three years (1911), Paracel Islands is assigned to Hainan Island Ya county (now Sanya city) jurisdiction. In eleven years (1922), from February 4th to March 2nd, the government of the Ya county worked together with businessmen to survey Paracel Islands's North Island, middle island, South Island, tree island (Zhao Shudao), Bai Yan, Lingzhou Island (East Island), Lu Island, pen Island (Coral Island) and all islands, and map the map. In seventeen years (1928), the Guangdong political branch allocated Paracel Islands to Zhongshan University. In May, Fang Xin, a member of the Guangdong provincial Civil Affairs Department, chaired the investigation activities of the South China Sea Islands. The delegation led by Zhongshan University professor Shen Pengfei took the 16 day tour of the "Hai Rui" warship in Paracel Islands, and wrote the "Paracel Islands investigation report", and formulated the development plan for the migration industry. In 1935, the agriculture and Forestry Bureau of Guangdong provincial government set up Dongsha Island Management Office. In April, Guangdong Provincial Bureau of agriculture and forestry construction sent Liang Quan, director of Dongsha Island Marine Products Management Office, Jizheng and employees to visit Dongsha Island by Fuyou ship to formulate development plan. In the twenty-six years of the Republic of China (1937), the Guangdong authorities inspecting Paracel Islands on the sea. In the twenty-seven years (1938) of the Republic of China in 1938, France dispatched the "Indochina guard" to illegally occupy Coral Island in the Coral Island. In the twenty-eight years (1939) of the Republic of China, in March, the Japanese occupied Xisha and Spratly Islands. In April 9th, the Japanese Governor General Office issued a communique saying: Dongsha, Xisha and Spratly Islands have been "classified" into the imperial territory of Japan, which is under the jurisdiction of Taiwan Kaohsiung County. In thirty-five years (1946), after the end of the Second World War, according to the spirit of the Cairo declaration of China, Britain and the United States and the July 1945 Potsdam proclamation in 1943, the following year, the two naval ships of the Republic of China Navy headquarters dispatched "Yongxing" and "Zhongjian" two ships to Paracel Islands under the command of the deputy commander of the fleet, with the "Yongxing" and "Zhongjian" orders. Named "Yongxing island" and "Zhongjian island", in November, at the Yongxing Island Dock, "the Navy recovered the Paracel Islands monument". Zhang Junran, chief of naval officer of naval command, was appointed the first director of the Navy's Paracel Islands management office. The Marine Corps of the Republic of China is stationed in Yongxing island. In the thirty-six years (1947) of the Republic of China in December 1st, the Ministry of the interior re examined the names of Dongsha, Xisha, Zhong Sha, Spratly Islands and their respective islands, reefs, sand and shoals, and officially released the "new name of the South China Sea Islands comparison table". At the same time, it announced that Dongsha, Xisha, China sand and Spratly Islands should be placed under the jurisdiction of the Guangdong provincial government. In the thirty-eight China the 1949 (1949), the Chinese government continued to exercise sovereignty over the Zhongsha Islands and their waters in the southwest. On May 13, 1950, the Chinese people's Liberation Army entered Yongxing island in Xisha. In the Zhongsha Islands, the Dongsha Islands office in Paracel Islands, Yongxing island was set up in March 24th 1959. In March 4th 1969, it was renamed the Revolutionary Committee of Xisha, Zhong Sha and Spratly Islands of Guangdong province. In from January 15th to 20th of 1974, the people's liberation army launched a self defensive counterattack against the authorities of the South Vietnamese Xigong invading the Paracel Islands sea, and recovered Paracel Islands in full. In October 22nd 1981, approved by the State Council, the Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands and the Zhongsha Islands office were restored directly by the Hainan administrative district office. In 1988, Hainan province was established. Hainan province jurisdiction includes 19 islands, Hainan, Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands and the Zhongsha Islands and islands. In September 19th, it was renamed "Hainan Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands, the Zhongsha Islands office". It is still in line with the administrative setup system of the county level offices, and the office is still in Yongxing Island, Paracel Islands. The Zhongsha Islands, Hainan Province, was approved by China's State Council on June 21st 2012 to control the islands and reefs of Paracel Islands, Zhongsha Islands and Spratly Islands. In July 22nd of 2014, the community committee of Ganquan community was formally set up in San Sha City, marking the establishment of mass self-governing organizations in all the islands and reefs of Paracel Islands in the three Shashi City. On April 18, 2020, the State Council recently approved the establishment of Xisha district and Nansha District in Sansha City, Hainan Province. The Xisha District of the three Shashi controls the islands and reefs of the Paracel Islands. geographical environment

Location context

Paracel Islands, located in the northwestern part of the South China Sea, is located in the southeast of Hainan Island. It is located at the north latitude 15 degrees 47 '- 17 degrees 08', East 111 degree 10 '- 112 degree 55', north to North reef, South to pioneer beach, east to West Beach, West to Zhongjian Island, Yongxing island as the center, 330 kilometers from Sanya Yulin port and Wenchang Qinglan port. The coastline is 518 kilometers long. Paracel Islands is distributed in about 500000 square kilometers of sea area, consisting of more than 40 islands, continents, reefs, sand and shoals.

topographic features

The Paracel Islands is vast, low, flat and small. The highest Shidao is 15.9 meters above sea level, and 62.3% of the islands are below 5 meters. 62.3% islands are reef islands. Except for the bedrock islands composed of high breccia as volcano breccia, the rest are coral reefs with coral and shellfish as main components, and coral reefs. The appearance type is simple. according to the island material

Chinese PinYin : Hai Nan Sheng San Sha Shi Xi Sha Qun Dao