Ningjiang district, Songyuan City, Jilin Province

Ningjiang district is located in the central and western part of Jilin Province, the north end of Songyuan City and the hinterland of Songnen Plain. It is 124 ° 36 '- 125 ° 05' east longitude and 45 ° 05 '- 45 ° 32' north latitude. It is 38 km wide from east to west and 50 km long from north to south. It is adjacent to Fuyu County in the East, Qianguo County in the West and south, and Zhaoyuan County across the river in the north.

Ming Shen, Ke tie, Changbai and other national and provincial trunk roads run through the East, West, North and south, reaching Changchun in 90 minutes, Harbin in 100 minutes and Daqing in 60 minutes. From the natural port xialiujiazi, it goes eastward to Jilin City, westward to Qiqihar city via Nenjiang River, northward to Harbin and Jiamusi ports via the lower reaches of Songhua River, and directly to Wusuli River, Heilongjiang and other border ports. The TUA line and tongrang line pass through the territory.

Ningjiang district is the political, economic and cultural center of the city, covering an area of 1313 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 17 streets, 58 communities, 5 towns and 82 administrative villages. In 2012, the total population of Ningjiang district was 530000, with more than 20 ethnic groups including Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui and Korean.

Historical evolution

Ningjiang district has a long history. Changgangzi bronze cultural site and boduna Liao Jin ancient city site are well preserved, and a large number of Ming and Qing porcelains have been unearthed, which proves the blood relationship between Ningjiang historical culture and Central Plains historical culture.

According to historical records, in the Western Han Dynasty, it was the territory of Fuyu state, the first ethnic minority tribal state in Northeast China, established by the ancient Sui people.

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, the people of Buji destroyed Fuyu. This place belongs to Buji.

In the Sui Dynasty, it belonged to the Department of bodou.

In Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty, it was Fuyu mansion of Bohai State.

Ningjiang Prefecture was set up in Liao Dynasty, and the name of Ningjiang now comes from it.

In the Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Huining County of Huining Prefecture and Lishe County of Longzhou Prefecture.

In the late Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Zuowei of Nuzhen Tashan and Horqin Mongolia.

After the establishment of the state in the Late Jin Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the Manchu (descendants of Nuzhen). The official army here was called boduna station, which was later known as the birthplace of Manchu.

In the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, boduna was set up as the vice governor. In the reign of emperor Jiaqing, boduna hall was set up. In the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, the hall was upgraded to the mansion and renamed new Chengfu.

After the founding of the Republic of China, it was changed into Xincheng County in 1913.

In 1914, it was renamed Fuyu County and continued to be used after the founding of the people's Republic of China.

In November 1987, the county was removed and Fuyu city was built.

Songyuan City was established in June 1992, and it was changed into Fuyu district.

In October 1995, Fuyu County was restored and the county government moved to Sanchahe town,

On December 12, 1995, with the approval of the State Council, the Songyuan municipal Party committee and municipal government announced the establishment of Ningjiang district. At that time, it had jurisdiction over 8 towns, 13 streets and 82 administrative villages.

In 2005, there were five townships after the township was merged.

administrative division

As of 2007, Ningjiang district has jurisdiction over 17 streets, 58 communities, 5 towns and 82 administrative villages.

geographical environment

Location context

Ningjiang district is located in the Midwest of Jilin Province, the north end of Songyuan City, in the hinterland of Songnen Plain. Longitude 124 ° 36 ′ - 125 ° 05 ′, north latitude 45 ° 05 ′ - 45 ° 32 ′, 38 km wide from east to west, 50 km long from north to south, with an area of 1313 square kilometers, including 69.4 square kilometers of urban area. It is adjacent to Fuyu County in the East, Qianguo County in the West and south, and Zhaoyuan County in Heilongjiang Province across the river in the north.

climate

Ningjiang district belongs to the mid temperate continental monsoon climate zone. In spring, it is dry and rainless, and the temperature rises quickly; in summer, it is hot and the precipitation is concentrated; in autumn, it is cool, the temperature changes quickly, the temperature difference is large, and the weather is fine; in winter, it is long, the snowfall is small, and it is cold and dry. The annual average temperature is about 4.5 ℃, the lowest temperature is in January, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 36.1 ℃; the highest temperature occurs in July, and the extreme maximum temperature is 37 ℃. The annual average sunshine is about 2900 hours, and the frost free period is 135-140 days. Annual precipitation ranges from 400mm to 500mm, mostly in July and August. It is windy in spring, mainly southwest in spring, summer and autumn, and northwest in winter. The annual average wind speed is 13.3 M / s.

hydrology

1、 Surface water

rivers

The second Songhua River and Songhua River pass through Ningjiang district. The South and North sections of the former are the boundary river between Ningjiang district and Qianguo County, and the middle section flows through the middle of the city; the latter is the boundary river between Songyuan City and Heilongjiang Province.

The second Songhua River is the south source of the Songhua River. It originates from Tianchi, Changbai Mountain, with a total length of 958 kilometers and a drainage area of 73400 square kilometers. Ersong entered from Xintun, Shanyou Town, Ningjiang district to sanchahekou, 61.3km away. There is no tributary in the territory. The channel width of Songyuan station is about 1400 meters in the whole section, 400 meters in the normal period and 300 meters in the dry period. From below the entrance to the estuary, it is a large low-lying plain with oxbow lake and wetland, and mobile sand dunes are all over it. The river gradient is 0.13 ‰, and the average velocity of Songyuan station is 0.55 M / s. The annual average runoff is 14.51 billion cubic meters; the annual average flow is 440 cubic meters per second; the maximum measured peak flow is 6750 cubic meters per second, and the corresponding water level is 134.91 meters.

Second, Songhua River and Nenjiang River converge at Sancha estuary and flow eastward, which is called Songhua River. Songhua River is the largest tributary of Heilongjiang, with a total length of 939 kilometers and a drainage area of 186400 square kilometers. From sanchahekou to Liujiazi ferry, it flows 38 kilometers in Ningjiang district. When the whole section of xiadaiji station in Fuyu County flows, the width of the channel is about 3200 meters, 960 meters in normal water period, 840 meters in dry water period and 9000 meters in flood period. Songhua River in Songyuan flows through plain area, with gentle slope, 0.05 ‰ River gradient, wide beach, wetland and oxbow lake, and average velocity of 0.60 M / s. The annual average runoff is 36.35 billion cubic meters; the annual average flow is 1110 cubic meters per second; the maximum measured peak flow is 16000 cubic meters per second, and the corresponding water level is 127.37 meters. Songhua River in the territory of a small tributary of the South River, located in Fenghua Town, a total length of 10 kilometers, the widest river 200 meters.

Lake bubble

There are not many Lake bubbles in Ningjiang district, which are concentrated in the area along the river, and the larger ones are machangpao, balengpao, Heiyupao and beihepao.

The water surface of machangpao is 0.9 square kilometers, about 1.0 square kilometers when it is large. The average water depth is 1.5 meters, and it can reach 3.0 meters when it is large. It is located in Xinmin Township, Ningjiang district and has raised fish.

Balengpao has an annual water surface of 8.0 square kilometers, about 13.3 square kilometers when it is large, a water depth of 3.0 meters, and a water depth of 6.0 meters when it is large. It is located in Fenghua Town, Ningjiang district and has been raised fish.

The water surface of black fish bubble is 1.5 square kilometers, about 10.0 square kilometers when it is large, the water depth is 1.5 meters, and it can reach 3.0 meters when it is large. It is located in Fenghua Town, Ningjiang district and has been raised fish.

Beihepao has a water surface of 3.0 square kilometers, a water depth of 3.0 meters and a water depth of 6.0 meters. It is located in Fenghua Town, Ningjiang district and has been raised fish.

2、 Groundwater

diving

River Valley phreatic water is distributed in the Songhua River and Ersong River Valley in a strip shape, with a buried depth of 0-5m and a single well water inflow of 20-25 T / h. The hydrochemical type is calcium carbonate type water with salinity of 0.4-0.5 g / L and pH value of 7.2-7.7. The recharge source of Valley phreatic water is river water and atmospheric precipitation.

The alluvial phreatic water is distributed outside the valley phreatic water distribution area. The phreatic water level is 2-18m deep, and the water inflow of single well is 6t / h. The hydrochemical type is calcium carbonate type water with salinity of 0.5-1 g / L and pH value of 7.1-7.7. The recharge source of alluvial Lake phreatic water is atmospheric precipitation.

Quaternary confined water

The confined water in the river valley is distributed in the Songhua River and the Ersong River Valley, with a buried depth of 4.5-17 m and a single well water inflow of more than 20 t / h. The hydrochemical type is calcium magnesium carbonate type water with salinity of 0.3-0.6 g / L and pH value of 7.5-8.0. The recharge sources of the confined water in the valley are mainly the phreatic overflow in the upper layer and the lateral runoff of the confined water in the platform.

The alluvial lacustrine confined water is distributed outside the valley confined water distribution area, with a buried depth of 5-18m and a single well water inflow of 6t / h. The hydrochemical type is calcium magnesium carbonate water with salinity of 0.5-1 g / L and pH value of 7.4-7.5. The recharge source of the alluvial lacustrine confined water is mainly the lateral runoff and vertical overflow of the upper phreatic water.

Tertiary confined water

The tertiary confined water is only distributed in the north of Shanyou town and Bajiazi village. Fenghua town is rich in water; Dawa town and Xinmin Township extend to the northwest and are also rich in water; Jiangnan maoduzhan town is rich in water. The buried depth of water level is more than 30 meters, the water inflow of single well is 10-40 T / h, and it can reach 1000 t / D near Fenghua town. The recharge source of tertiary confined water is mainly the overlying loose rock pore water runoff.

natural resources

mineral resources

The mineral resources in Ningjiang district mainly include oil, natural gas, oil shale, silica sand, refractory soil, nitrate, etc. There are 130 million tons of oil, 1 billion cubic meters of natural gas, 1 million cubic meters of oil shale, 200 million tons of silica sand, 20 million tons of gaolingtu and 1.4 million tons of alkali.

plant resources

In Ningjiang district, there are more than 20 varieties of Pinus Dandong, Pinus sylvestris, Salix psammophila, Larix gmelinii, Pinus tabuliformis, etc., and 4000 hectares of forest resources along the river are listed as provincial forest parks. There are many kinds of forage, including more than 300 kinds of common grasses, such as Leymus chinensis, Festuca arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Pennisetum and Medicago sativa.

water resource

The Songhua River, the second Songhua River and Nenjiang River converge in Ningjiang district, forming a spectacular "Sanjiangkou" landscape. Groundwater resources are rich and can be exploited

Chinese PinYin : Ji Lin Sheng Song Yuan Shi Ning Jiang Qu