Songtao Miao Autonomous County, Tongren City, Guizhou Province

Songtao Miao Autonomous County Songtao Miao Autonomous County (hereinafter referred to as Songtao) is a county under the jurisdiction of Tongren City, Guizhou Province. Founded in 1956, it is one of the earliest autonomous counties approved by the State Council.

Songtao is located at the east foot of Fanjing Mountain, the main peak of Wuling mountains. It is located at the junction of Guizhou, Hunan and Chongqing. It is connected with Huayuan and Fenghuang in Hunan and Youyang and Xiushan in Chongqing. With moderate location and convenient transportation, it is known as the "gateway of eastern Guizhou". In ancient times, it was named "connecting Sichuan and Chu, and controlling Sanxiang".

The county governs 5 streets, 17 towns and 6 townships. The total area is 3409 square kilometers, of which the built-up area is more than 24 square kilometers. Tongren City is the largest area, the largest population, the strongest comprehensive strength of a county.

In March 2019, it was selected into the list of the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization areas and counties. On March 3, 2020, we will withdraw from the sequence of poverty-stricken counties and achieve the goal of getting rid of poverty.

Historical evolution

In June 1980, the polished stone axes and red pottery pieces with sand collected at the tiger ferry in Songtao were identified as Neolithic relics by the Provincial Museum. It can be seen that the land of Songtao was inhabited and multiplied as early as 10000 to 4000 years ago.

Songtao belongs to Central Guizhou in spring and autumn and Warring States period, Qianzhong County in Qin Dynasty, Wuling county from Han Dynasty to Three Kingdoms period, Nanyang County in Yingzhou in northern and Southern Dynasties period, Yuanling County in Sui Dynasty.

In the fourth year of Zhenguan reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty (630), pingtu cave was set in the central part of the county, and Wuluo cave was set in the western part of the county. In 686, Jinzhou was established in Mayang County, Chenzhou, and the eastern part of Songtao. In 742, Jinzhou was changed into Luyang County, and Songtao belonged to it. In the first year of Qianyuan reign of suzong (758), Luyang was renamed Jinzhou, leading five counties, namely Luopu, Weiyang, Luyang, Zhaoyu and Changfeng.

In the Kaibao period of song Taizu (936-975), pingtousi was set up in tudong and wuluosi was set up in wuluodong. During this period, it belonged to Sizhou in the West and Jinzhou in the East. In the fourth year of huizongzhenghe (1114), Longquan GEZE chief secretary was set up in today's Mengxi. It also belonged to Mayang county and belonged to Yuanzhou. In the first year of LiZong Baoyou's reign (1253), PingCha Chenghua military and civilian government was set up. Mengxi, Pingtou and Wuluo in the central and Western Songtao belonged to it, as well as Sizhou.

In the 24th year of the reign of emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty (1287), the Xuanwei Department of Sizhou was set up, which was under the jurisdiction of Huguang Province, and the two departments of Wuluo and Pingtou were under its jurisdiction. In the sixth year of Chengzong Dade (1302), pingtousi was changed into pingtouzhuketongda and other director's lawsuit; wuluosi was changed into wuluolonggan and other director's lawsuit, and longquangeze was under the jurisdiction of wuluolonggan and other director's lawsuit; Chenghua Junmin government was changed into Rongjiang's son PingCha and other director's lawsuit (now Xiushan Longfeng gaoxiu). Junsi state military and civil pacification department.

In the fourth year of Hongwu, Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty (1371), the chief of wuluolonggan was changed to the chief of wuluochang; in the seventh year (1374), the chief of pingtouzhukeda was changed to the chief of pingtouzhukechang, which was under xuanweisi of Sizhou; in the eighth year (1375), matudong (now ganlongdi) was changed to xuanweisi of Youyang; in the seventeenth year (1384), the chief of zhiziping tea in Rongjiang was assigned to the chief of Sichuan. In the third year of Yongle (1405), the second lawsuit was set up to answer Yi and rule Gu (now in the east of Songtao). In February of the eleventh year (1413), Sinan xuanweisi was abolished and other four prefectures were set up, including Wuluo, Sinan, Tongren and Zhenyuan. The government of Wuluo is set up in Wuluo county. In the same year, from the Youyang Xuanwei division to the rabbit hole. Wuluo Prefecture was subordinate to the Chief Secretary of Guizhou Province. On May 7 (1438, May 30) of the third year of emperor Yingzong Zhengtong, he ordered that the two chief secretaries of Dayi and Zhigu should be removed forever. There were only three divisions in Wuluo Prefecture, which was not enough to establish a prefecture. Therefore, Wuluo and Pingtou were transferred to Tongren Prefecture, and Langxi was transferred to Sinan Prefecture.

On August 6 (1704.9.4) in the 43rd year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the Ministry of war proposed to be promoted to governor of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi. Ertai Shuyan set up tongrenli Miao Tongzhi to set up zhengdaying hall, and tongrenfu deputy chief to manage Miao affairs. In 1730, Yongzheng moved zhengdaying Miao Tongzhi to changchong (now old Songtao) to set up Songtao hall. In 1733, Songtao hall was moved from changchong to liaogao mountain to build the city (now Songtao county). On the third day of November in 1797, shengsongtao hall was the military and civilian Hall of Zhili, belonging to Guidong road. To the original allocated to Tongren house of Wuluo, Pingtou Zhuke 2 chief secretary back to Songtao. Shixianwei was set up in 1802. By the 15th year of Daoguang (1835), the Department of Songtao Zhili had jurisdiction over 1 Wei, 2 Si and 14 Xun, which was under the direct jurisdiction of Guizhou Province.

In 1913, the military and civilian Department of Songtao Zhili was changed to Songtao County, which belongs to eastern Guizhou Province. In the third year of the Republic of China, zhengdaying county was set up under the jurisdiction of zhengdaying County, and 48xi county was set up under the jurisdiction of 48xi county (now pujue town), all of which belong to Songtao county. In 1927, 48xi county was transferred to ganlongkou County instead of ganlongkou County, which still belongs to Songtao county. In 1935, Songtao belonged to the ninth administrative supervision district. In the 25th year of the Republic of China, zhengdaying and ganlongkou counties were abolished and merged into Songtao. In the 26th year of the Republic of China, Songtao county was changed into the first administrative supervision district. After 32 years of the Republic of China, it has been the sixth administrative supervision area. In June of the 23rd year of the Republic of China, the third army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army (later restored to the second Red Army) led by he long opened up a revolutionary base in eastern Guizhou, established a revolutionary committee of the eastern Guizhou Special Economic Zone, carried out the Agrarian Revolution and organized revolutionary armed forces. In August, the Revolutionary Committee of Yanjiapo (now the south of Mayang township) district and 10 Township Soviet governments of Bamu, hunquan, Mayang, Maoshan, Tiantang, zhonggupo, datuping, Huangnibao, wuguanba and Zhaidi were established in Ganlong. In November, he left eastern Guizhou for the 25000 Li Long March.

Songtao was liberated on November 12, 1949. On March 1, 1950, with the approval of the provincial people's government, Songtao County People's government was formally established under the leadership of Tongren regional Commissioner's office. On September 11, 1956, the 37th plenary session of the State Council approved the abolition of Songtao county and the establishment of Songtao Miao Autonomous County. On December 31, 1956, Songtao Miao Autonomous County was officially established, still under the office of Tongren commissioner.

administrative division

In December 2015, Guizhou Provincial People's Government (QFH [2015] No. 299) approved the approval of the administrative division adjustment of some towns in Songtao Autonomous County. After the administrative division adjustment, Songtao Autonomous County governs Daxing street, liaogao street, Shichang street, taipingying street, Jiujiang street, Panshi Town, pujue Town, Wuluo Town, Ganlong Town, changxingbao Town, Niulang Town, Panxin town and dapingchang town There are 5 streets, 17 towns and 6 townships in total, including Zhaiying Town, Mengxi Town, Fujia Town, Zhengda Town, Dalu Town, Mushu Town, Pingtou Town, lengshuixi Town, Huangban Town, miaoai Town, Shiliang Town, Shaba Town, Waxi Town, Yong'an town and Changping Town.

geographical environment

Location context

Songtao Miao Autonomous County is located in the northeast edge of Guizhou Province, at the junction of Guizhou, Hunan and Chongqing. The northeast is connected with Fenghuang and Huayuan counties in Hunan Province, the West with Youyang County and Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County in Chongqing, and the South with Tongren City in Guizhou Province. It is 76 kilometers from east to west and 74 kilometers from north to south, covering a total area of 3400 square kilometers. Its geographical location is 108 ° 35 ′ 42 ″ - 109 ° 23 ′ 30 ″ e, 27 ° 49 ′ 40 ″ - 28 ° 30 ′ 20 ″ n.

It has jurisdiction over 28 townships and 509 Village (neighborhood) committees, with a total population of 750000, of which the Miao minority accounts for 68.1% of the total population of the county. It is a typical Minority Autonomous County.

topographic features

Songtao Miao Autonomous County is the middle section of the transition from the eastern slope of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau to the hills in Western Hunan, with different altitudes. The lowest point is the outlet of Guiyang Creek in Niulang Town, with an altitude of 285 meters; the highest point is laojinding in Fanjing Mountain, with an altitude of 2493.8 meters, and the average altitude of the whole county is 650 meters. Fanjing Mountain is located in the southwest of the county, and laer mountain is located in the East. Wuling mountain ranges extend to Fanjing Mountain to form the main peak. Most of the mountain water systems in the county follow the trend of 25 degrees northeast of Fanjing Mountain.

There are five obvious ridge veins in Songtao County: < ol > < li > baiyunsi mountain in the southwest of Fanjing Mountain inclines northward along the main peak of Fanjing Mountain, which is the watershed between Yuanjiang River and Wujiang River; < li > < li > hongshuling between pujue and Mengxi towns, and 80po and qixingpo across the east of the county, which is the watershed between Songjiang River of Yuanjiang River system and Jinjiang River of Tongren; < li > < li > it is located in Yongan Township and Shiliang township Manao mountain and WeiLuo mountain are the watershed between Ganlong River and Yinjiang River in Wujiang River system. < li > < li > chair mountain and general ridge in lengshuixi township are the watershed between Songjiang River and Xiushan river. < li > < li > laer mountain and lailongpo in Eastern Panshi Town, Changping Township and Panxin town are the watershed between Guanzhou River and hejieying River in Jinjiang River system and Huayuan River and Fenghuang River in Hunan Province Shuiling. < / Li > < / OL > these mountains form various landforms of middle mountain, middle and low mountain, low mountain and hill, valley and dam land. According to the distribution and combination of landforms, the whole county can be divided into five areas: the eastern hilly middle and low mountain area, the central hilly valley area, the northern low mountain valley area, the southern low mountain valley area, and the Western Zhongshan canyon area.

Songtao landform has various types and complex combination forms. In terms of composition, some are limestone, sand shale, some are fluvial sediments or a combination of the two. The distribution area of sand shale is more than 2 million mu, with a thickness of more than 2630 meters; the distribution area of carbonate rock is 2193700 mu, with a thickness of more than 2400 meters. They are distributed alternately with different properties. This geomorphic form of structure, erosion, dissolution and accumulation crisscross each other,

Chinese PinYin : Gui Zhou Sheng Tong Ren Shi Song Tao Miao Zu Zi Zhi Xian