Quwo County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province

Quwo County, subordinate to Linfen City, Shanxi Province, is located in the central and southern part of Shanxi Province, between 35 ° 33 '- 35 ° 51' n and 111 ° 24 '- 111 ° 37' e, with a total area of 437.9 square kilometers. Quwo County has a warm temperate semi-arid continental climate. By 2019, Quwo County has jurisdiction over 5 towns, 2 townships and 158 administrative villages. The county government is located in Lechang town. As of 2018, the total population of Quwo County is 248020, the urban resident population is 106526, and the rural resident population is 141494.

The name of Quwo began in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. It was named after the ancient Quwo city. The ancient Quwo got its name from the water in its territory, which was the reason why Quwo was named. There are three railway stations in Quwo County, Tongpu railway and 108 National Highway run through the north and south. Quwo County has many famous tourist attractions, such as Jin Museum Tourist Area, taizitan hot spring resort, Jingming book of songs landscape tourist area, book of songs hometown garden complex scenic area and so on. Quwo County has 18 national brand business cards, including the inheritance base of Chinese idioms and allusions, the national leisure agriculture and rural tourism demonstration county, the most potential tourism County in China, and the national advanced county in grassroots TCM work. On October 22, 2018, Quwo County was selected into the list of pilot areas for the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries in 2018.

In 2018, the GDP of Quwo County was 10.168 billion yuan, an increase of 1.9% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 1.390 billion yuan, up 0.3%; the added value of the secondary industry was 5.347 billion yuan, down 1.4%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 3.431 billion yuan, up 8.3%.

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

The name of Quwo began in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. In ancient Jin Dynasty, Jiangshan was the center of Jiangshan. Jiangshui (today's boiling spring) came out of the south of Jiangshan, flowed eastward through Qingyu gorge, flowed eastward to Baishi mountain, and then hung to woquan (today's Jingming waterfall). Jiuqu went northward to Jue, hovered and circled, and flowed westward to Fen. Take its music, take its Wo, named Qu wo. According to the county annals of Quwo County, because of the name of the ancient Quwo City, the ancient Quwo got its name from the surrounding water, which is the reason why Quwo was named.

History of construction

Around 1020 BC, Shu Yu, his son Xiefu, succeeded to the throne and changed the name of the state to Jin. He named himself king of Jin. He built a new capital at the place where Jin Shui came into he, named Yi (now the border between Quwo County and Yicheng County).

During the reign of King Mu of the Western Zhou Dynasty (about the 10th century BC), the Cheng Marquis of Jin Dynasty moved to Quwo (1 km southwest of the county). During this period, there were five generations: Cheng, Li, Jing, Li and Xian.

In 811 B.C., marquis mu of Jin moved the capital to Jiang, and later called it "gujiang" (now in the Middle East of Quwo County and the west of Yicheng County).

In 746 B.C., marquis Zhao, the grandson of marquis mu, moved his capital to Yuyi. In the 26th year of King Ping of Zhou (745 B.C.), he granted his uncle Chengshi (Uncle Huan) to Quwo, known as "Wo state". After the reign of Uncle Huan, uncle Zhuang and Duke Wu, Quwo gradually became the military, economic and cultural center of Jin.

In 724 B.C., Quwo zhuangbo killed Xiaohou on his wing, and Jin established the Marquis of E in E ("e" refers to the other capital of Jin for a short time). In the sixth year of the reign of the Marquis of Hubei, he died, and the Marquis of Hubei recovered his capital.

In 716 B.C., Duke Wu of Quwo was named the successor and Duke Wu of Jin in history. After Wu Gong ascended the throne, he made great efforts to consolidate the economy and strengthen his military strength. In 679 B.C., he succeeded in conquering Jin and established his capital Quwo.

In 669 B.C., Duke Xian of Jin "gathered in the city of Jiang" (this "Jiang" expanded its scope on the basis of the original "Jiang", in which about two-thirds of today's Quwo was located), and moved its capital the next year. Li Xian, Hui, Huai, Wen, Xiang, Ling and Cheng.

In 636 B.C., Chong'er, the second son of Duke Xian of Jin, ascended the throne and was known as Duke Wen of Jin in history. His capital was Quwo (including the whole territory of Quwo today, the west of Yicheng and the east of Houma). Since then, the grand curtain of more than 150 years of hegemony of Jin State has opened.

In the first year of King Jian (585 BC), King Jing of Jin moved his capital to Xintian, also known as Jiang, and later called "Xin Jiang" (today's quwoxi and houmadong). Li Jing, Li, mourning, Ping, Zhao, Qing, Ding, Chu, AI, you, lie, Xiao, Jing 13 Gong.

In the 26th year of king an of Zhou Dynasty (376 BC), the three families of Han, Zhao and Wei divided into Jin, and Quwo belonged to Wei.

Qin, set Jiangxian, Quwo is.

In the Western Han Dynasty, Jiangxian county was also established, belonging to Hedong county. In the 11th year of Jianwu (35th year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jiangxian county was changed to Jiangyi County, still belonging to Hedong county.

In 487, Jiangyi county was changed to Quwo County, belonging to Zhengping county. The name of the county has not changed since then.

In 583, Zhengping county was abolished and Quwo County was changed to Jiang county. Ten years later, it has been relocated to Lechang town.

In the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Jiangzhou.

In the Song Dynasty, it belonged to Jiangjun County of Jiangzhou.

In the early Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Jiangzhou, and in the early Xingding period, it belonged to Jin'an Prefecture.

Yuan, Jiangzhou, Dade nine years (1305) to Pingyang road.

Ming Hongwu two years (1369), belongs to Pingyang house.

In the late Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Hedong road.

During the period of the Republic of China, it was directly under Shanxi Province.

In 1949, it belonged to Linfen district.

In 1954, it belonged to Jinnan special area.

In November 1958, the county was withdrawn and merged into Houma City.

In May 1963, Quwo County was restored. The county is located in Houma Town, which is still a special area in southern Shanxi.

In 1970, it belonged to Linfen area.

In 1971, Houma City was separated out and Quwo County was restored. The county government was stationed in Chengguan. Since then, there has been no change in Quwo.

administrative division

As of January 2020, Quwo County has 5 towns and 2 townships: Lechang Town, Gaoxian Town, Shicun Town, Qucun Town, Lichun Town, Yangtan Town, beidong Town, 158 administrative villages. The county government is located in Lechang town.

geographical environment

Location context

Quwo County, located in the central and southern part of Shanxi Province, is between 35 ° 33 '- 35 ° 51' n and 111 ° 24 '- 111 ° 37' e, bounded by Ta'er mountain (Chongshan), Qiao mountain, long Ding mountain and Xiangfen County in the north, Zijin Mountain (Jiangshan) in the South and Jiangxian County in the south, Yicheng County in the East, Fenhe River and Xiangfen County in the northwest, and Houma City in the southwest, with a total area of 437.9 square kilometers.

topographic features

In Quwo County, mountains, waters, mountains and rivers alternate with each other, and the land composition is divided into four categories: plain, hilly, mountainous and water area. Quwo County is located in the east of Houma fault depression basin. Affected by crustal orogeny, ta'ershan (Chongshan) in the north and Zijinshan (Jiangshan) in the South uplifted, forming a topographic unit of two mountains with one basin. The basin is distributed in east-west direction, most of which is alluvial plain. The landforms are mainly plains and hills, including earth rock mountain area, piedmont inclined plain area, loess plateau area, impact plain area and modern valley area. Among them, the total area of plain area is 339.76 square kilometers, accounting for 77.58% of the total land area of the county.

geology

In Quwo County, except for the bedrock exposed in the north and South Mountains, the rest is mainly covered by loess. There are pre Sinian, Sinian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Carboniferous and Permian strata exposed in the mountain area. Hidden faults, folds and igneous rocks are developed in the basin, accompanied by neotectonic movement. Due to the difference of geological tectonic movement, the uplift subsidence is uneven in different areas, which is high in the north, East and South and low in the West.

climate

Quwo County has a warm temperate semi-arid continental climate with mild climate, four distinct seasons and sufficient light. In spring, it is dry and windy; in summer, it is hot and the rainfall is concentrated; in autumn, it is clear and crisp; in winter, it is dry and cold, with little rain and snow. The annual average temperature is 12.6 ℃, the coldest average temperature in January is - 2.6 ℃, the hottest average temperature in July is 26.2 ℃, the temperature difference between winter and summer is 28.8 ℃, and the accumulated temperature over 10 ℃ in the whole year is 4395 ℃. The precipitation is mainly concentrated from July to September. The precipitation is divided into four seasons: Summer accounts for 44.5%, autumn accounts for 30.9%, spring accounts for 19.9%, winter accounts for 4.7%, and the average precipitation is 500mm. The frost free period of the whole year is 210 days. The first frost generally occurs in the end of mid October and the beginning of late October, the earliest in late September, and the last frost occurs in early April. The annual average sunshine hours is 2387.8 hours.

soil

The total area of soil in Quwo County is 640700 mu, which is divided into 6 soil types (including 10 subclasses, 17 soil genera and 46 soil species), including coarse bone soil, cinnamon soil, fluvo aquic soil, saline soil, swamp soil and Neogene soil.

vegetation

There are three main types of natural vegetation in Quwo County: forest grass shrub plant community, grass shrub plant community and meadow plant community.

hydrology

The rivers in Quwo County include Huihe River, Huihe River, Heihe River and Tianhe River, which flow into Fenhe River from east to west, belonging to Fenhe River system of Yellow River Basin.

natural resources

water resource

Quwo County has 100 million cubic meters of surface and underground water available. The main rivers are Fenhe, Huihe, Fuhe, Heihe and Tianhe. The springs include boiling spring, Xihai hot spring and taizitan hot spring. There are 12 reservoirs in the county, with a total capacity of 179.8 million cubic meters and groundwater of about 88 million cubic meters, all of which are flowing water. Industrial water resources are about 43.36 million cubic meters. More than 95% of the water in the area is neutral water. Among them, Huihe reservoir has a capacity of 100 million cubic meters, which is the largest reservoir in southern Shanxi.

mineral resources

There are mainly copper, iron, cobalt, gold, silver, zinc, bauxite and other metal minerals and limestone, gypsum, granite, marble and other non-metal minerals in Quwo. Among them, the grade of iron ore is more than 45%, and the total reserves are 50 million tons; the reserves of limestone are 10 million cubic meters; the reserves of gypsum are 10 million cubic meters; and the proved reserves of coal are 570 million tons.

Biological resources

Quwo County plants include pine, spruce, birch family, etc. more than 40 families about 400 species, common are: Yang, Wutong, pine, juniper, willow, Toona sinensis, apple, grape, cherry, lotus root, jujube, strawberry, Begonia, holly, peony, chrysanthemum, rose, rose and so on. Animals are: Wolf, red fox, roe deer, badger, weasel, squirrel, rock squirrel, mole

Chinese PinYin : Shan Xi Sheng Lin Fen Shi Qu Wo Xian