Altay City, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Altay Altay in ancient times was the grazing land of Chinese minorities. According to historical records, the tribes that lived here in Qin Dynasty were Saizhong people who migrated from Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province. Since the Western Han Dynasty, the central governments of all dynasties have set up administrative organs here.

"Altay" is a Turkic language, which means "Jinshan". It is named for the gold in the mountains. It is said that there are 72 gullies in Altay Mountain, and there is gold in gullies. The Irtysh River in Altay City is the only river in China that flows into the Arctic Ocean. Located in Fuhai County, the water area of bruntuohai is up to 100000 hectares, rich in more than 10 kinds of fish, known as the "fishing hometown of northern China". Altai mountain river is magnificent and has special natural scenery. The main scenic spots include Kanas Lake natural landscape reserve, Bulgen River beaver natural reserve, Butterfly Valley, etc.

In December 2018, Altay was awarded the National Climate mark of climate ecology category.

Historical evolution

Altay is Mongolian, meaning gold. Altay is rich in gold. Altay City is located in the sun of Altay Mountain, so it is named after the mountain.

Altay City, since ancient times, there have been Saizhong, Xiongnu, Xianbei, Rouran, Turk, Mongolia, Kazak and other nomadic people, since then.

In the Han Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the capital of the western regions. After the Saizhong people, there were Xiongnu and Xianbei nomads here.

In the Tang Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the northern court capital, and was successively a nomadic land of Rouran and Turk.

In Song Dynasty, it was a nomadic land of Mongolia, which was under the jurisdiction of wokuotai Khanate and Chagatai Khanate.

In the Yuan Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of lingbeixing province.

In Ming Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of wasihan state and was the fief of mengketimur.

In the 19th year of Qianlong (1754), it was under the jurisdiction of minister kebudozan under the left Deputy General of Dingbian in uliyasutai, and the left wing flag and left wing rear flag of wulianghai in Altay.

In 1867, it was under the jurisdiction of the Minister of brentohai.

In the eighth year of tongzhi (1869), the Minister of brentohai was sacked and still under the management of minister cobutozan.

In 1871, the great Lama Ganga zhala, led by talbatai, borrowed land to resettle his troops and refugees from talbatai. The Qianfo temple, later called Chenghua temple, was built near the third middle school of Jiefang North Road, Altay City, and has been the borrowed land ever since.

In the 15th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1889), after guangazhala and his followers moved to bayingou (now Wusu county), they were still managed by the counsellor of khobudo.

In the 32nd year of Guangxu (1906), khobudo and Altay were divided into two groups, and the Altay affairs minister was set up to manage the Altay area, where the government was located in Chenghua temple. It is within its jurisdiction.

In 1912, Altay affairs minister was changed to Altay affairs officer, which was under the jurisdiction of Beijing Central Government. Chenghua temple is still under its jurisdiction.

Chenghuasi county was established in 1913, under the Altay office.

In 1919, the Altay office was removed and Ashan road was replaced. Under the jurisdiction of Xinjiang Province, Chenghua temple is still in charge.

Chenghua county was changed into Chenghua County in 1921. Since then, the county government has been set up, which is located in Chenghua temple and still belongs to Ashan road.

In 1922, Ashan road was changed to Ashan chief executive's office, and Chenghua county was under its jurisdiction.

In 1943, the office of the chief executive of Ashan was changed into the office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision of Ashan, and Chenghua county was under its jurisdiction.

After the three District revolution in 1945, Chenghua county was under the jurisdiction of Ashan District of the three district government.

After the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang on September 25, 1949, the people's Government of Chenghua county was established in 1950, which was subordinate to the office of Ashan administrative commissioner.

On November 20, 1953, with the approval of the Administrative Council of the Central People's government, Chenghua county was changed into Atai county. It is under the office of Ashan administrative commissioner.

On February 1, 1954, with the approval of the people's Government of Xinjiang Province, Altay county was changed into Altay County, which was subordinate to the Altay administrative Commissioner's office. In November of the same year, it was transferred to Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture.

On November 17, 1984, with the approval of the State Council, Altay county was abolished and Altay City was changed. It still belongs to the Altay district administration.

It was approved as an open city by the State Council in 1989.

geographical environment

position

Altay City is located in the southern foot of Altay Mountain and the northern edge of Junggar basin. It is adjacent to Buerjin County in the northwest, Jimunai County in the southwest and Mongolia in the northeast. It is surrounded by four ports of Hongshanzui, takshiken, Jimunai and ahitubaike. The border line is 102.6 km long, 146 km long in the north and south, 84 km wide in the East and West, with a total area of 11500 square kilometers.

landforms

Most of Altay City is located in the middle part of Altay geosynclinal fold system, and only the southwest corner of Altay City strides into the northern margin of Junggar geosynclinal fold system. The two fold systems are separated by the Erqis fault series. It has typical Piedmont landform. From the north to the south, there is an obvious vertical gradient distribution, and from the top to the bottom, it can be divided into three natural geomorphic units: northern mountainous area, southern hilly area and Intermountain alluvial plain area.

climate

Altay City is located in the hinterland of the Asian continent, which belongs to the sub arid and arid climate zone of the middle temperate zone. Due to the Altay Mountains in the north and the Junggar Basin in the south, there are special climatic conditions, and the climate is quite different between the north and the south.

The average annual temperature of the whole city is 4-4.2 ℃, the average temperature in January is - 24 ℃, and the average temperature in July is 22.3 ℃. The extreme temperature and frost free period vary from region to region, and can be divided into three parts according to the geomorphic characteristics

Northern mountainous area: there is a lot of rainfall in summer and a lot of snow in winter. There is no obvious difference between the four seasons, only the cold and warm seasons. Winter lasts for half a year, while summer is short and sometimes snows. The frost free period is less than 90 days. Rainy, humid and cool are the main characteristics of summer in mountainous areas.

In the central hilly region, the frost free period is about 150 days, the wind in winter and spring is less than that in the southern plain, and the snow cover is less than that in the mountainous region and more than that in the southern plain. There are hail in thunderstorm weather.

Southern Valley Plain: dry and hot in summer, cold and windy in winter and spring. In winter, the snow thickness is less than 15 cm, which is greater than the northwest wind of Grade 8, with an average annual period of 34 days.

Except for mountainous areas: less cloud and fog, dry climate, sufficient sunshine, sunshine hours in summer up to 15 hours / day. Light and heat are sufficient. There will be a cold wave in early September. Every year, the ice begins to freeze in November, and it doesn't thaw until late March of the next year.

hydrology

Altay City is a water rich area in Xinjiang. Three water systems of Ertis River, Kelan River and sumudaylik river run through the city, with a total length of 667 km and an annual runoff of 6 billion cubic meters.

natural resources

Water and soil resources

As of 2009, Altay City has 346900 mu of arable land and 500000 mu of wasteland suitable for reclamation, with high content of organic matter. Altay City is rich in aquatic resources, such as hucho salmon, sea bass, dingyusui, white spotted pike and other rare fish.

mineral resources

Altay City is one of the six major prospecting areas in China and the key non-ferrous metal Development Zone in Xinjiang. It has many kinds of mineral resources and abundant reserves. In 2009, four favorable metallogenic belts were identified, and 24 kinds of reserves and exploitable minerals were preliminarily proved, with potential value of tens of billions of yuan.

Forestry resources

Altay City is an important forest region in Xinjiang. As of 2009, there are 1.03 million mu of natural forest in mountain area, 94000 mu of secondary forest in river valley and 16.56 million cubic meters of timber stock. Eight kinds of natural forests such as Populus nigra and Populus alba grow in the Irtysh River Basin. Altay City also has the national unique tree species halophyte birch.

Animal resources

Altay City is one of the important animal husbandry bases in Xinjiang. In 2009, there were 13.68 million mu of natural grazing grassland and 400000 mu of cutting grassland in the whole city. Altay City is an important meat food base in Xinjiang, including Altay big tail sheep, Xinjiang fine wool sheep, Xinjiang brown cattle and Altay horse. In 2006, the highest livestock production in Altay reached 890000, including 130200 cattle and 26000 improved breeds.

tourist resources

Altay is surrounded by mountains on all sides, with a strange terrain. As of 2009, there are 13 national A-level scenic spots in the city, including 4 3A level scenic spots (Hualin Park, wuzhiquan, Jinshan Forest Park and Jinshan vineyard), 7 2A level scenic spots and 2 A-level scenic spots. There are 28 tourist hotels in the urban area (including 6 star hotels), with a daily reception capacity of more than 3000 people. There are 2 tourism companies, 3 Tourism fleets, 29 travel agencies, 46 agri (Pastoral) Jiale (including 9 star agri (Pastoral) Jiale in the autonomous region), 56 tourism commodity stores, more than 500 tourism specialty restaurants, and 3 National Agricultural tourism demonstration sites.

In September 2018, Altay, Xinjiang, was awarded the National Climate symbol of "snow city of China" at the press conference of "winter tour in Xinjiang" Western China ice and snow tourism festival and the 13th Xinjiang winter tourism industry trade fair. This is the first national climate symbol issued by the National Climate Center.

Population nationality

population

Altay is a multi-ethnic area. The total population is 190000. There are 25 nationalities. Among them, the Han nationality accounts for 53.14% of the total population; the Kazakh nationality accounts for 38.68% of the total population;

At the end of 2016, the city's total population was 199037, an increase of 1237 over the end of last year, including 114995 urban population, accounting for 57.78% of the total population; 84042 rural population, accounting for 42.22% of the total population, and the urbanization rate was 57.78%. In the whole year, 2473 people were born, with a birth rate of 12.46 ‰; 1019 people died, with a death rate of 5.14 ‰ and a natural growth rate of 7.33 ‰. 39:100.

nation

Altay City has Han, Kazak, Hui, Uygur, Mongolian, Tibetan, Miao, Zhuang, Yi, Buyi, Korean, Manchu, Dong, Yao, Tujia