Lianghe County, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Lianghe County is located in the west of Yunnan Province and the northeast of Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture. It borders Tengchong city in the northeast, Longling County in the southeast, Mangshi and Longchuan County in the south, Yingjiang County in the West. The town of Shadao is 690 km away from Kunming, the provincial capital, and 114 km away from Mangshi. The county has a vertical distance of 49 km from the north to the South and a maximum horizontal distance of 45 km from the east to the west, covering a total area of 1159 square kilometers. Han, Dai, Jingpo, Lisu, Achang, De'ang and other nationalities live in the territory.

Lianghe County is a typical agricultural county. It is the hometown of Chinese gourd silk. In 2006, "zhapama and zhemima" declared by Lianghe County of Yunnan Province were included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

On May 17, 2020, it will officially withdraw from the poverty-stricken counties.

Historical division

In history, Lianghe was a "Mengdi" territory of the Dai nationality in ancient times. In 425 B.C., the "mengzhang" (Baoshan Basin) tribe of the Dai nationality called on all the tribes of the Dai nationality to form an alliance state "mengdaguang" (ailaoguo in Chinese), and the "Mengdi" tribe of the Dai nationality joined "mengdaguang" (ailaoguo). In 69 ad, "mengdaguang" (Ailao state) was attached to the Han Dynasty, and its place was Yongchang County; now Lianghe belongs to Ailao County, Yongchang County. In 77 A.D., after the failure of Zhao Daguang's anti Han campaign, he went to the west of Nujiang River to reorganize the alliance state "Meng Daguang" (translated as "Shan State"), and successively established the capital city in "Meng mian" (Tengchong), "Meng La" (Yingjiang), "Meng Mao" (Ruili), "Pu Kam" (central Myanmar); today Lianghe belongs to "Meng Daguang" (Shan State). In 586 ad, "mengdaguang" (Shan State) was destroyed by the PYU people, and the Dai leaders of mengmao (Ruilijiang River valley basin) united with the surrounding Dai "Meng" (States and states) to form an alliance state "mengguo zhanbi" (formerly known as "Qianguo zhanbi state") to fight against the PYU people and inherit the territory of "mengdaguang"; today Lianghe belongs to "mengguo zhanbi" (Qianguo zhanbi state). In 762 ad, mengshelong (Nanzhao kingdom in Chinese translation) annexed the western parts of Lancang River and the parts of mengguo zhanbi (former Guozhanbi Kingdom), and established Yongchang Jiedu and Zhenxi Jiedu in imitation of the Tang Dynasty system; now Lianghe belongs to mengshelong (Nanzhao Kingdom) Zhenxi Jiedu (later changed to Lishui Jiedu). In 954 ad, "mengguo zhanbi" (known as "consequence zhanbi state" in History) restored the state, respected Dali state as "menghuoxiang" (the state of gems) and called itself "menghuohan" (the state of gold); now Lianghe is "mengguo zhanbi" (consequence zhanbi state). In 1261 A.D., the great Mongols appeased all kinds of local orders to the west of Lancang River and set up the Department of appeasement, such as Jinchi. Mengguo zhanbi (the consequence of zhanbi) disintegrated at the same time. Now Lianghe belongs to the Department of appeasement, such as Jinchi. in 1271 ad, the pacification Department of Jinchi and other places was divided into the East pacification Department (zhenkang pacification Department) and the West pacification Department (Jianning pacification Department). Today, Lianghe belongs to the West pacification Department of Jinchi and other places. In 1278 ad, Jinchi and other places, such as the West Road of pacification department, set up the Xuanfu Department of Zhenxi, pingmian, Luchuan and other roads under the jurisdiction of pacification envoys. Today, Lianghe belongs to pingmian road. in 1286, the xuanfusi in Mangshi ruoyuan and other roads of zhenkang, and the xuanfusi in pingmianluchuan and other roads of Zhenxi were merged into the xuanfusi in Jinchi and other places of Dali; today Lianghe still belongs to pingmian road. in 1289 ad, the land under the jurisdiction of pingmian road was divided into Nandian Junmin government; now Lianghe belongs to Nandian Junmin government. In 1312 ad, sihanfa, the Dai leader of mengmao (Ruili River valley basin), annexed the surrounding areas and established mengmaonong (Luchuan state); today Lianghe belongs to mengmaonong (Luchuan state). In 1355 ad, "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) was attached to the Yuan Dynasty, and its control area was the xuanweisi of pingmian; Lianghe belonged to the "Mengdi" of xuanweisi of pingmian. In 1384 ad, "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) was attached to the Ming Dynasty, and its control area was located in Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi; Lianghe belonged to "Mengdi" of Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi. after 1399 ad, the Ming Dynasty gradually "analyzed Luchuan land" (only the south of Liang, Mangshi, Longchuan, Ruili, Mujie, Nankan, etc.) and in 1414 ad, "analyzed Luchuan land" was set up in Nandian Prefecture; the north of Lianghe belonged to Nandian Prefecture and the south of Liang belonged to Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi. in 1428 ad, the xuanweisi of Luchuan pingmian broke away from the Ming Dynasty and resumed the expansion of "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) to the surrounding areas, and Nandian (TU) Prefecture was abandoned; Lianghe belonged to "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state). In 1439, "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) defeated the Ming army and occupied the "ancestral land" to the west of Lancang River; in 1441, 1442 and 1448, the Ming Dynasty "invaded Luchuan three times"; in the second time, the Ming Dynasty forced the "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) regime from "mengmao" (Ruilijiang River valley basin) to "Mengyang" (today's Kachin state of Myanmar); in 1444, the "mengmaonong" (Luchuan state) was defeated by the Ming army, In Ming Dynasty, Nandian Xuanfu division was set up again by "analyzing Luchuan land"; Lianghe belonged to Nandian Xuanfu division. In 1659 ad, the Xuanfu Department of Nandian was still set up in the Qing Dynasty along the Ming Dynasty; in 1765 ad, the Xuanfu Department of Nandian was moved to Yong'an (now near Yonghe Village); in 1851 ad, the Yamen of Yong'an was burned by the "Wucuo" peasant uprising and moved to Tianxin (now the county Island). In 1912, the government of the Republic of China put the Xuanfu division of Nandian under the management of Tengchong County in Tengyue Road, and changed the land to Liucheng County, which was boycotted by the hereditary chieftain of Nandian, and the county magistrate was in the form of decoration; in 1916, the Xuanfu division of Nandian set up baziao County assistant (Deputy county-level organization), and the Xuanfu division of Nandian ceded the jurisdiction of some mountainous areas; Lianghe formed a situation of "soil flow and governance". in 1935, BaCuO county was abolished and Lianghe was set up as a governing Bureau (named "Lianghe" because of the existence of large and small Lianghe River in the territory), which still formed a situation of "managing together with Tu Liu" with Xuanfu Department of Nandian. in 1942, the Japanese occupied Nandian, and the personnel of Lianghe administrative bureau were evacuated; in 1945, the Japanese withdrew from Nandian, and the Lianghe Administrative Bureau was restored. in 1950, the people's Liberation Army entered Nandian (Lianghe); in 1952, the Xuanfu Department of Nandian and the Lianghe administrative bureau were abolished, and the Lianghe democratic coalition government of all ethnic groups was established. In 1958, Lianghe County was abolished and its jurisdiction was divided into Tengchong County, Yingjiang County, Longchuan County and Luxi County. In 1961, Lianghe County was restored, with jurisdiction over 7 districts, 1 town and 61 townships. In 1969, Lianghe County was reorganized into 7 communes and 43 brigades. In 1984, Lianghe County was divided into 9 districts, 1 district level town, 52 townships, 9 township level towns and 2 township level offices. in 1988, districts (towns) were changed into townships (towns), townships (towns, offices) into administrative villages (offices), and the jurisdiction of Lianghe County was adjusted to 9 townships, 1 town, 61 administrative villages and 2 village level offices. in 2000, 61 administrative villages and 2 village level offices in Lianghe County were changed into 63 villagers' committees; Lianghe County governs 9 townships, 1 town, 63 villagers' committees, 381 natural villages and 672 villagers' groups. In 2002, Mengyang township was changed into Mengyang Town, and Mangdong Township into Mangdong town; Lianghe County governs 7 townships (Jiubao Township, Xiaochang Township, Dachang Township, Gucong Achang Township, Hexi Township, Jiubao Achang Township, qimuzhai township), 3 townships (Shadao Town, Mengyang Town, Mangdong town), 63 villagers' committees, 381 natural villages, and 672 villagers' groups. In 2005, qimuzhai township was abolished. Qimuzhai village, Pingba village and Wanzhong village committees were incorporated into Mangdong Town, Shuiqing village committee into Shadao town; Lianghe County had three towns (Shadao Town, Mengyang town and Mangdong town), six townships (Jiubao Township, Xiaochang Township, Dachang Township, Gucong Achang Township, Hexi Township, Jiubao Achang township), 62 village committees and four residents committees There are 397 natural villages and 672 villager groups.

Lianghe County governs three towns (Shadao Town, Mangdong town and Mengyang town), six townships (Pingshan Township, Xiaochang Township, Dachang Township, Jiubao Achang Township, Guosong Achang Township and Hexi township), 62 villagers' committees, 4 residents' committees, 397 natural villages and 672 villagers' groups.

geographical environment

position

Lianghe County is located in the southwest end of Hengduan Mountains in the west of Yunnan Province and in the valley of the terraces at the West foot of Gaoligong. It is located in the northeast of Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, between 98 ° 06 ′～ 98 ° 31 ′ E and 24 ° 31 ′～ 24 ° 58 ′ n. It borders Tengchong city in the northeast, Longling County in the southeast, Mangshi and Longchuan County in the south, and Yingjiang County in the West. The town is 690km away from Kunming, the provincial capital, and 114km away from Mangshi, the state capital, via Luying highway (160km away from Tenglong line).

the measure of area

Lianghe County is 49 km from north to south, 45 km from east to west, with a total area of 1159 square kilometers.

climate

Lianghe has a subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature for many years is 18.3 ℃, the average temperature in the hottest month is 23 ℃, and the average temperature in the coldest month is 11 ℃; the extreme maximum temperature is 33.7 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is 0.9 ℃. The average annual sunshine hours are 2385.5 hours, and the average annual rainfall is 1396.2 mm. The average annual rainfall from 1957 to 2004 was 1403.8 mm. Lianghe has a subtropical monsoon climate, which is characterized by: (1) the four seasons are not clear and the rainfall is abundant. The average temperature over the years is 18.3 ℃, the average temperature in the hottest month is 22.8 ℃, and the average temperature in the coldest month is 11.0 ℃;