Yumin County, Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Yumin County Yumin county belongs to Tacheng area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, which is located in the south edge of tae'e basin and the west edge of Junggar Basin in the northwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is located between 82 ° 12 ′～ 83 ° 30 ′ E and 45 ° 24 ′～ 46 ° 3 ′ n, with 146.5km long border line. Halabra Town, the county seat, is 425km away from Urumqi. The county is 65 km wide from east to west and 120 km long from north to south. It has jurisdiction over two towns and four townships, covering a total area of 6106 square kilometers.

The total population of 60000 people (including 25000 people from 161 regiments, as of 2019) is composed of 19 ethnic groups, including Han, Kazak, Hui, Uygur and Mongolian, of which 55% are Han, 35% are Kazak and 10% are other ethnic minorities. Farmers and herdsmen account for 63%.

In 2013, Yumin county completed a GDP of 1.257 billion yuan, an increase of 13.65% over 2012.

The main scenic spots in Yumin county are kulustai grassland, huorimde lake, turjialiao hilly grassland, akeqiao Lake grassland, etc.

Historical evolution

As early as the sixth and seventh centuries BC, the ancient Hujie tribe and the Saizhong people herded in the baluke mountains.

In the Han Dynasty, the territory under the jurisdiction of Yumin was in the east of Wusun.

The Northern Zhou Dynasty belonged to Turk, and the Tang Dynasty was the nomadic land of the early part of Geluo.

During the Five Dynasties and the Liao and Song Dynasties, they were subordinated to the Western Turkic palace established by the Liao Dynasty. Later, it was under the jurisdiction of the Western Liao Dynasty.

Genghis Khan sent troops to destroy the Western Liao Dynasty and entered the Mongolian Khanate. When Genghis Khan enfeoffed the territory, Yumin ruled the territory of wokuotai, the third son of Genghis Khan.

In 1252, mengge Khan established the jurisdiction of Beishi balihang Shangshu Province in the western regions.

Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, granted the territory to the kings, belonging to xiliji, the fourth son of mengge Khan.

In the 14th year of Zhiyuan (1354), xiliji rebelled against Yuan Dynasty, and Kublai sent his five sons, lielitymur, to destroy xiliji, and then built Chagatai Khanate.

In the early Ming Dynasty, when the Chagatai Khanate was divided into East and West, it belonged to the East Chagatai Khanate.

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the leader of the Junggar tribe, gardan, colluded with the tsarist Russia to create a rebellion and create a division, which was pacified by the Qing government.

In 1760, the leader of Kazakh tribe, abujia bamubit, sent an envoy to Beijing to ask his tribe to graze in baluke mountain, which was accepted by the Qing government. Since then, the territory has become a Kazakh pastoral area. In the 14th year of Guangxu, the administrative system of the territory began, "ukerdai", which is under the jurisdiction of Zhili hall in Tacheng. Kazakh, five zangemanleti tribes and one zangeturtuul tribe are engaged in animal husbandry.

In the Qing Dynasty, it was a place for Mongolian and Kazakh nomads to spread their accounts. In 1888, it belonged to Zhili Hall of Tacheng.

In 1913, it belonged to Tacheng county.

In 1933, the Governor General of the national government in Tacheng set up the finance and taxation police branch of Tacheng County in gurbanzong, the middle reaches of chahantuohai.

In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), the national government set up a governing Bureau in gurbanzong, which was called gurbanzong governing Bureau. Later, it was changed to chahantuohai governing Bureau, which was still under the jurisdiction of Tacheng.

In 1942, chahantuohai was replaced by Yumin.

In 1944, Yumin set up a governing Bureau, which was upgraded to a fifth grade County, Yumin County, where chahantuohai was governed.

In 1945, the revolutionary army of the three districts entered Yumin county. Yumin county is under the jurisdiction of the revolutionary government of the three districts.

In September 1949, Xinjiang was peacefully liberated.

In March 1950, Yumin County People's government was formally established.

In 1951, Yumin County Committee of CPC was established.

administrative division

As of 2013, Yumin county has jurisdiction over 2 towns and 4 townships: Jiyeke Town, halabra Town, halabra Town, Xindi Town, jianges town and aletengyimule town.

geographical environment

Location context

Yumin county is located in the southern margin of tae'e basin and the western margin of Junggar Basin in the northwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is located between 82 ° 12 ′～ 83 ° 30 ′ E and 45 ° 24 ′～ 46 ° 3 ′ n, adjacent to Tuoli County in the East, Emin County in the northeast, Tacheng city in the north, and the Republic of Kazakhstan in the West and southwest, with a total area of 6106 square kilometers, a border line of 146.5 kilometers, 90 kilometers away from baktu port and 180 kilometers away from Alashankou port.

landforms

The geomorphic outline, structural characteristics and sediment characteristics of Yumin county can be divided into four geomorphic units: balluk mountain area, piedmont hilly gully area, piedmont inclined plain area and Northern alluvial plain area.

Balruk mountains

Located in the south of tae'e basin and the north of Aibi Lake, it is a mid high mountain type. The mountain is NE-SW trending. The mountain is high in the East and low in the west, with an altitude of 1000-3252 meters. There are 310 large and small mountains, with 34 peaks between 1023-3200 meters and the highest peak of 3252 meters. It is mainly composed of Paleozoic strata and granite intrusives. It is the main geomorphic unit of Yumin county.

Piedmont hilly and Gully Region

It is distributed in the front of the northwest slope of the mountain, which is composed of denudation accumulation terrain and tectonic denudation hilly terrain. It is narrow in the East, with an altitude of 900-1000m; it is wider in the west, with the west end extending from the front of the mountain to the vicinity of Emin River, with an altitude of 500-1000m. The accumulation terrain is distributed in the south of the county and the west of Jiangke Township, with underlying bedrock, on top of ancient gravel and gravel, Covered with Aeolian Loess.

Piedmont inclined plain

This area is located between the southern low mountain and hilly area and the northern alluvial plain. It is composed of the alluvial fans of halabra River, baibuxie River and some short rivers, with an altitude of 500-800m. As the rivers rely on seasonal snowmelt water supply, the amount of water is small and short. The alluvial fan formed in the Piedmont is small in scale, the Eastern fan is narrow, and most of it is directly connected with the southern mountain area. Only in the county area, there are loess hills and gullies in the Piedmont. The surface slope is small, only 1-4 degrees, close to the mountain area, the slope is large, up to 5-6 degrees, and the river cutting depth is between 1.5-20 meters. The terrain in the north is more flat, and the river cutting gradually decreases, only 2-3 degrees Rice. Due to the transport, accumulation and sorting of the river, the sediments from the Piedmont to the alluvial plain change from coarse to fine, the slope from steep to gentle, the terrain from south to north, from east to west, and the thin soil layer is its main characteristics, the thickest is 2-3m, generally 0.6-1m. Due to wind erosion, the shallow soil layer near the wind area becomes thinner and coarser. The upper part of the alluvial fan near the mountain is covered with Aeolian Loess and the soil layer thickens. Close to the water source, some of them are developed as irrigated farmland, and most of them are still wasteland for spring and autumn pasture.

Northern alluvial plain

This area is composed of alluvial plain on the South Bank of Emin River and dry delta of halabra River and baibuxie river. The altitude is 400-500m, the terrain is flat, and the slope is only 0.1-0.3 degree. In the low-lying areas, there is accumulated water in spring, forming a temporary swamp, with luxuriant water and grass, rich reeds and bletilla splendens, fertile soil, rich water sources, high groundwater level, and heavy salt and alkalization. There are secondary forests of red willow, white willow and lingdang thorn on the beach, which become the main pasture and winter pasture. In the south of the plain, the lower part of the fan edge has been cultivated for farmland and built into a well irrigation area. Because the area is located on the old tuyere, the wind erosion is strong. After long-term blowing, the surface fine soil is eroded, the texture becomes light, rich in coarse bone, and even forms a gravel curtain on the surface.

climate

Yumin county is a typical temperate continental climate, with large temperature difference between day and night, long sunshine time, annual average temperature of 6.7 ℃, annual average precipitation of 280 mm, snow depth of 34.4 cm, average sunshine time of 3122.6 hours, and frost free period of 156 days. Due to the complex terrain of mountains, hills, Gobi, plains, wetlands and so on, the unique regional climate has been formed: mountain climate, plain climate, wetland climate.

natural resources

land resource

Yumin County covers a total area of 6106 square kilometers, with 580000 mu of arable land and 7.07 million mu of grassland.

plant resources

Up to 2010, about 192 species of plants have been found in Yumin County, including pine, spruce, birch, Begonia, peach, fig, rubber tree, hawthorn, wild rose, etc. the most valuable ones are wild almond and sour plum. Yebadan apricot is a unique wild rare plant resource in Yumin county. It is a relict species of Cenozoic generation in the third century. 420 species have been found, 59 species with high medicinal value, such as Fritillaria, bupleurum, Yuanhu, Mahuang, liquorice, astragalus, wolfberry, Cordyceps sinensis, palm ginseng, rhubarb, Dayun, peony, plantain, Weiwei, liedang, Zicao, etc.

Animal resources

Up to 2010, more than 300 species of wild animals have been found in Yumin County, including deer, yellow goat, argali, antelope, wild goat, bear, wild boar, fox, wolf, marmot, weasel, rabbit, badger, hedgehog, mouse, bat, etc. There are about 43 species of wild birds, mainly including swan, stork, gull, water duck, water chicken, yellow duck, snow chicken, stone chicken, pigeon, tit, eagle, Falcon, yellow hawk, owl, turtledove, lark, rock swallow, crow, turtle hawk, grey crane, wild goose, etc. The main fish are carp, crucian carp, white chain fish, Yale fish, grass carp, loach fish, pike, white striped fish, wudaohei, wheatfish, etc. Amphibians mainly include otter, snake, toad, frog and lizard. There are more than 100 kinds of insects, including butterflies, black bees, wasps, mosquitoes, flies, ants, cicadas, mantis, dragonflies, locusts, ladybugs, moths, golden needles, scarabs, mole crickets, lice, gadfly, crickets, earthworms, snails, and various tree insects and grass insects.

mineral resources

Up to 2010, coal, iron, copper, gypsum, quartz, limestone, granite and brucite have been found in Yumin county. Non metallic minerals

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