Motuo County, Linzhi City, Tibet Autonomous Region

Motuo County (Tibetan: Motuo County, English: Medog county), which means "flower". It is under the jurisdiction of Linzhi City, Tibet Autonomous Region of the people's Republic of China. Located in the southeast of Tibet, it is located in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, the eastern part of the Himalayas and the southern slope of the gangrigab mountains, adjacent to Chayu County in the East, India in the South (some areas in southern Tibet), Milin County, Longzi county and Cuona County in the west, Bomi county and Bayi District in the north, with a total area of 34000 square kilometers (12000 square kilometers actually controlled by China).

In 2016, Motuo County governs one town, seven townships (including one ethnic township), 46 administrative villages and 60 villages. In 2016, the total population of the county was 14040. In 2016, the county's GDP was about 474 million yuan. (within the actual control area of China)

Motuo County is the last county where the Yarlung Zangbo River flows through China before it enters the Assam plain of India. The residents in Motuo County are mainly Menba and Loba. The main section of Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon is in this county, which is the place with the lowest altitude, the most temperate, the most abundant rainfall and the best ecological preservation on the Tibetan Plateau.

On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce. On February 6, 2019, the people's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region decided to withdraw Motuo County from poverty-stricken county. China's top 100 summer leisure counties and cities in 2020.

History of construction

The word Motuo means "flower" in Tibetan, and it is known as "Boyu baimagang" in history, and it means "hidden Lotus" in Tibetan. in the primitive society, it was the residence of the Loba people. In the 8th century, Motuo was once called baimagang. In the middle of the 17th century, the Menba people who lived in menyu began to migrate here. About 300 years ago, the Menba began to move into Motuo from menyu and Zhuyu. The earliest immigrants were 12 generations, and the latest immigrants were 8 generations. In the second half of the 19th century, there was a dispute between the Menba and the Luoba over land and hunting grounds. King bomitu established didongzong and galangyangzong in Motuo area. His power extended to xialuoyu area, and then ruled Motuo and Grand Canyon area. In 1881, Wang qiuraodon, king of kalang (King of bomitu), established Didong sect in Didong in order to extend his ruling power to baimagang. The first sect was Nuola of Menba nationality. In the 19th century, it was changed to Dongzong, and then moved to Motuo village. It was renamed Motuo Zong (King Bomi established a clan in Motuo in 1881). in 1919, because of the lack of water in Didong, the government moved to Motuo, and changed Didong to Motuo. From 1927 to 1931, a war broke out between the gaxia government and King Bomi. King Bomi was defeated, and Motuo was directly under the jurisdiction of the local government of Tibet. The gaxia government enfeoffed Motuo to Sera Monastery, chindo monastery and songzong monastery. The three monasteries established their own monasteries, which lasted until the peaceful liberation of Tibet. in July 1959, Motuo County was built, belonging to the Tagong area. In 1964, it was under the jurisdiction of Lhasa. In February 1986, it was under the jurisdiction of Linzhi Prefecture. in March 2015, Linzhi Prefecture was abolished, and prefecture level Linzhi city was established. Motuo County was under the jurisdiction of Linzhi city.

administrative division

In 1996, Motuo County governed eight townships: Motuo Township, Beibeng Township, Dexing Township, Gedang Township, Pangxin Township, jialasa Township, damuluoba Township, Gandeng township. County Government in Motuo township. In 2000, Motuo County governed one town and seven townships: Motuo Town, Beibeng Township, Dexing Township, Damu Township, Pangxin Township, jialasa Township, Gandeng Township and Gedang township. as of 2016, Motuo County has jurisdiction over 7 townships and 1 town (including 1 Luoba nationality township): Motuo Town, Gandeng Township, jialasa Township, damuluoba nationality township, Bangxin Township, Gedang Township, Dexing Township, Beibeng Township, 46 administrative villages, including 5 border townships and 30 border villages. The government is in moto.

geographical environment

Location context

Motuo County is located in the southeast of Tibet, in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The eastern part of the Himalayas is on the south slope of the gangrigab mountains. It is adjacent to Chayu County in the East, Bomi county and Bayi District of Nyingchi city in the north, Milin County, Longzi county and Cuona County in the west, and India in the south. In this section of the border, the traditional boundary line between China and India runs along the foot of the southern foothills of the Himalayas. The boundary line between Motuo County and Assam state of India starts from the junction of Chayu County, Motuo County and Assam state at the center of danbaqu River in the southwest of nezamkhat of Chayu County, and goes southwest to the south of bomako, along the edge of the plain to the exit of Yarlung Zangbo River (India) in the south of Bassica, and then turns southward to the south of milim, Rujin, hiji and other areas to the south of Cuona county The exit of xibaxiaqu, south of piyimuke (altitude: 1987 m). Motuo County is the last County in China before the Yarlung Zangbo River enters the Assam plain of India. It is between 93 ° 45 ′ - 96 ° 05 ′ E and 27 ° 33 ′ - 29 ° 55 n with a total area of 34000 square kilometers (12000 square kilometers actually controlled by China). topography

The terrain in Motuo County is higher in the north and lower in the south, with an altitude of 200-7787 meters, with an average altitude of 1200 meters. Namjagbarwa and galaberet are the two highest peaks in the eastern Himalayas. The terrain drops sharply from north to south. Namjagbarwa, with a height of 7756 meters in the North, is only 155 meters above sea level in the south, with a relative height difference of more than 7000 meters in a short distance. The Yarlung Zangbo River roars out in the confrontation of two peaks, forming the deepest, longest and most dangerous Canyon in the world: the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon. Motuo County belongs to the valley landform of the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, surrounded by high mountains in the north, East and West, and passing from the middle mountain to the low mountain in the south. It looks like a lotus. Therefore, Motuo in Tibetan means "flower". Under the erosion of flowing water and strong warm and humid air flow, the mountains in the north are steep, the valley is deep, and the relative height difference is 3000-4000 meters. The slopes of the middle and low mountains in the south are gentle, and the terrain is gradually open, with the relative height difference of 500-1000 meters. The whole territory is mountainous.

Soil vegetation

Motuo County is strongly affected by the Indian Ocean warm and humid air flow. The soil has obvious humus accumulation process, iron reduction process and ashing process. The soil is deeply weathered and strongly leached. The forest soil is generally 40-60 cm thick, light loam sandy soil, pH 5-6, acidic reaction, rich in organic matter, the upper layer can reach 11% - 12%, and the fertility is generally high . Due to the large altitude difference, the soil zone is mostly developed, forming a complete vertical structure of cold, warm and tropical.

Climatic characteristics

Motuo County belongs to the subtropical humid climate zone on the eastern side of Himalayas. The annual average temperature is 16 ℃, the average temperature in January is 8.4 ℃, the average temperature in July is 22.6 ℃, the annual extreme minimum temperature is 2 ℃, the maximum temperature is 33.8 ℃, the annual rainfall is more than 2358 mm, the maximum rainfall in the South can reach 5000 mm, the annual sunshine hours are 2000 hours, the annual frost free period is 340 days, and the relative humidity is more than 80%. the climate of Motuo is similar to that of South China coast. Due to the huge altitude difference, Motuo County has the most complete mountain vertical climate zone spectrum in China, and has three-dimensional climate such as tropical, subtropical, alpine temperate and alpine frigid zones.

natural resources

Hydropower resources

Motuo County is located in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, the third largest river in China. There are 38 other rivers with an annual runoff of more than 140 billion cubic meters. Rivers of all sizes contain huge hydropower resources. At the turning point of the Yarlung Zangbo River, hydropower accounts for 2 / 3 of the total Hydropower of the Yarlung Zangbo River and 1 / 10 of China's hydropower reserves. In 2012, Tibet Autonomous Region and Huaneng Group signed an agreement on aid to Tibet to build a 5000kW yarang hydropower station on Xigong River in Motuo County. Units 1, 2 and 4 of yarang hydropower station were put into operation on December 1, 5 and 18, 2015 respectively. Motuo County has abundant precipitation, high surface cutting density, and vigorous water system development. There are small lakes in the major mountain passes of the eastern Himalayas, such as duoxiongla, namura, deyangla, gangrigab, dorela, jinzhula, bengbenglala, riqingla, anzala, etc., with an area of less than 500 square meters. tropical lakes are distributed in the south of Motuo County. There are 41 modern glaciers with an area of about 225 square kilometers around the main peak of Namjagbarwa at the junction of Milin county and northwest of Motuo County. Nine valley glaciers are distributed around the galabailei mountain peak at the junction of Northwest Motuo County and Bayi District, covering an area of 149 square kilometers.

land resource

Motuo County covers an area of 34000 square kilometers (12000 square kilometers under China's actual control). Among them, the cultivated land area is 20000 mu and the forest area is 32 million mu.

Biological resources

The forest volume of Motuo County ranks first among all counties in China, with the forest coverage rate of over 79.2% and the total volume of living trees of 89.14 million cubic meters. There are more than 80 kinds of national key protected rare plants, more than 3000 kinds of higher plants, and 42 kinds of national key protected wild animals. There are more than 100 kinds of wild medicinal plants. In 2015, there were 6.0327 million mu of national key public welfare forest. in Motuo County, there are many kinds of plants with complex vegetation structure, and the vertical band spectrum is obvious

Chinese PinYin : Xi Cang Zi Zhi Qu Lin Zhi Shi Mo Tuo Xian