Manas County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Manas County Manas County, under the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, is located in the hinterland of Xinjiang, with a total area of 11067 square kilometers. By the end of 2017, there were 94101 households in Manas County, with Kazakh, Hui, Uygur and other ethnic minorities. Manas County has a mid temperate continental arid and semi-arid climate. Manas County governs 7 towns, 4 townships and 4 corps, and the government is located in Manas town.

On February 1, 1954, Suilai county was changed to Manas County, which was subordinate to Urumqi special region. In January 1976, Manas County was assigned to Shihezi area. On February 22, 1979, Shihezi Prefecture was abolished and Manas County was restored to Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture. The northern Xinjiang Railway, 312 National Road, S201 provincial road, Lianhuo Expressway and Keyu high-grade highway run through the county. There are Manas National Wetland Park, China Biyu Park and other tourist attractions. In 2017, Manas County was listed as a National Garden County. In December 2019, Manas County will become a pilot unit for the construction of national rural governance system.

In 2017, Manas County achieved a GDP of 16.956 billion yuan, an increase of 4.3% over the previous year at comparable prices (the same below). Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 5.052 billion yuan (excluding the primary industry service industry), an increase of 5.3%; the added value of the secondary industry was 6.542 billion yuan, a decrease of 0.1%; among them, the added value of the industrial industry was 5.273 billion yuan, a decrease of 3.3%; the added value of the construction industry was 1.269 billion yuan, an increase of 15.3%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 5.362 billion yuan, an increase of 9.6%. The structure of the three industries has changed from 31.5:40.6:27.9 to 29.8:38.6:31.6.

Historical evolution Manas, in the Western Han Dynasty, belonged to the land of wuyuzi in the East and Wusun in the West. Wusundi was in the Three Kingdoms, Gaoche in the Northern Wei Dynasty and Turkic in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. in Sui Dynasty, it belonged to tiele Department of Western Turk. in the Tang Dynasty, it was the secret department of the Western Turks, and there were Wuzai Shouzhuo in the territory. In the Song Dynasty, it belonged to the Western Liao Dynasty. in the Yuan Dynasty, it was Gaoche Uighur, and later belonged to Bishi Bali. In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to wasidi, and in the early Qing Dynasty, it belonged to the nomadic land of hulama tribe in Junggar. In 1763, Suilai fort was built in the 28th year of Qianlong period. In 1768, the county magistrate was set up. In 1778, Suilai county was set up under the jurisdiction of Dihua Zhili Prefecture. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the people's Government of Suilai county was established in March 1950, under the jurisdiction of Dihua special district. On February 1, 1954, Suilai county was changed to Manas County, which was subordinate to Urumqi special region. On May 20, 1958, the Urumqi special region was abolished and Manas County was put under the jurisdiction of Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture. In January 1976, Manas County was classified as Shihezi area. on February 22, 1979, Shihezi Prefecture was abolished and Manas County returned to Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture.

administrative division

As of October 2019, Manas County has jurisdiction over 7 towns, 4 townships and 4 Corps: Manas Town, letuyi Town, baojiadian Town, liangzhouhu Town, beiwucha Town, liuhudi Town, lanzhouwan Town, GDI Township, qingshuihezi Kazakh nationality township, tahihe Township, hanjiacatan Township, BINGTUAN 147 regiment, BINGTUAN 148 regiment, BINGTUAN 149 regiment and BINGTUAN 150 regiment, and has jurisdiction over 5 township level single towns Places: Ma Dian Industrial Zone, horticulture farm, Manas plain forest farm of Forestry Department of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Manas experimental station of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinhu farm of Sixth Agricultural Division of XPCC. The county government is located in Manas town.

geographical environment

Location context

Manas County is known as the "west gate" of Urumqi. Located in the middle part of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, the southwest edge of Junggar Basin and the East Bank of Manas River, it is a county at the westernmost end of Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture. It is located between 85 ° 40 ′ - 86 ° 31 ′ 32 ″ E and 43 ° 21 ′ 21 ″ - 45 ° 20 ′ n. It is 135 km away from Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and 99 km away from Changji City, the capital of Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture. It is adjacent to Hutubi County with Ganhezi in the East, Shihezi City, the "Gobi pearl" in the West and Shawan County in Tacheng area across Manas River in the west, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture and Jing County with Tianshan watershed in the South and guyinguoleng County in the north The desert is connected with Tacheng area and bukesaer Mongolia Autonomous County. The maximum length from north to south is 241.7 km, the maximum width from east to west is 88.7 km, and the width from east to west through the county seat is 30.65 km. The total area is 11067 square kilometers.
　　

topographic features

Manas County is high in the South and low in the north, which inclines from southeast to northwest. The landform is divided into three parts: southern mountainous area, piedmont alluvial plain and northern desert. The southern Tianshan mountain area is a section of yilianhabirga mountain, covering an area of 2970 square kilometers. It is a natural pasture with many gullies, trees and water plants. It can be divided into back mountain, middle mountain and front mountain. The central part is a proluvial and alluvial plain, covering an area of 1176 square kilometers. With flat terrain and abundant heat, it is the main crop planting area in Manas County. The main crops are wheat, corn, rice, millet, rape, sugar beet, sauce tomato, wine grape, cotton, oil sunflower, vegetable and pepper. The northern desert is a part of gurbantong desert, covering an area of 5517 square kilometers, accounting for about half of the total area of the county. The shape of desert is fixed and semi-solid. The terrain between hills is flat and the vegetation is sparse. Most of them are small shrubs such as Haloxylon ammodendron, Salix mandshurica, Populus euphratica and xerophytic and super xerophytic herbs.

climate

Manas County belongs to the mid temperate continental arid and semi-arid climate. It is very cold in winter and very hot in summer. It is dry and has less rain, sufficient sunshine, large evaporation and less precipitation. In 2015, the average temperature in Manas County was 8.7 ℃, 1.5 ℃ higher than the average over the years. The annual maximum temperature is 40.0 ℃, which occurs on July 21. The lowest temperature was - 24.7 ℃ on January 30. The annual total precipitation is 237.7mm, 10% more than the previous years. The annual total sunshine hours were 2569.0 hours, 273.2 hours less than the same period in 2014 and 152.4 hours less than the average value of the same period over the years. The final frost date is April 8, which is 8 days earlier than normal, 17 days earlier than 2014; the first frost date is September 30, which is 24 days later than normal, 9 days later than 2014. The annual maximum snow depth is 25 cm, which occurs on February 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18. The annual maximum depth of frozen soil is 75 cm, which occurs on February 12, 13 and 15.

natural resources

land resource

Manas County has a total land area of 11000 square kilometers, or 1.102 million hectares. Among them, the southern part is Tianshan mountain area, covering 312000 hectares, accounting for 28.1% of the total land area; the central plain area is 190000 hectares, accounting for 17.23% of the total land area; the northern basin desert area is 600000 hectares, accounting for 54.58% of the total land area.

Forest resources

The forest resources in Manas County are composed of three parts: natural forest in southern mountain area, artificial forest in central plain and shrub forest in northern desert. In the southern mountain area, the coniferous forest mainly consists of Picea schrenkiana, and a small amount of larch, Populus densiflora, birch and Betula tianshanensis. Shrubs are Salix, honeysuckle, water Xun, Caragana, rose and so on. The total area of forestry land in the southern mountainous area is 25700 hectares, including 14000 hectares of woodland, 3749 hectares of open woodland, 5220 hectares of shrubbery, 1019 hectares of uncultivated forest, 1588 hectares of suitable forest land and 4 hectares of nursery land. The total forest volume is 3229000 cubic meters. There are 2.8668 million cubic meters of forest land, 347900 cubic meters of open forest land and 14300 cubic meters of scattered trees. In addition, there are 1562.2 hectares of Valley secondary forests, mainly Populus densiflora and elm. The area of forest land in the central plain is 6792.81 hectares, including 5186.32 hectares of forest land, 574.67 hectares of suitable forest land, 80.71 hectares of open forest land, 951.11 hectares of unforested forest land, and 209700 cubic meters of standing trees. The main tree species are poplar, willow, elm, etc. In the northern desert, shrubs such as Haloxylon ammodendron, Salix mandshurica, Calligonum mongolicum and Pipa wood are mainly distributed, with a small amount of Populus euphratica, covering a total area of 62300 hectares.

mineral resources

Manas County is rich in mineral resources, known as "gold plate jade bottom" reputation. It is mainly distributed in the southern mountainous area. The metals with proven mining value are: yellow iron, copper, gold, etc.; non metals: jade, hibiscus, crystal, agate, etc. used as process raw materials; apatite, mirabilite, etc. used as chemical raw materials; limestone, clay, etc. used as building materials; coal, oil shale, etc. used as energy. The total prospective reserves of coal in the county are 15 billion tons, and the proven reserves are 13.2 billion tons. The main types of coal are non caking coal, long flame coal, gas coal and gas fat coal. Coal quality has the characteristics of low ash, low sulfur, high oil rate and high calorific value. It is a high-quality power coal and suitable for the development of coal chemical industry. The jade mine is distributed in the upper reaches of Qingshui River and Tashi River along the Tianshan snow line. It is a large-scale Jasper mine, with a range of 30 kilometers from east to west, hundreds of meters wide, and more than 10 ore spots. It is the only Jasper producing area in China. The gold mine in the county belongs to medium-sized mine, while the copper mine belongs to small-sized mine, with a total reserve of 1000 tons. Pyrite is a small mine with a reserve of 335600 tons. Limestone is distributed in the upper reaches of Manas River and Gangou area, which is rich in content and convenient for mining. Oil and natural gas are mainly distributed in the northern desert area, with 137 million tons of oil reserves and 12 million tons of natural gas reserves

Chinese PinYin : Xin Jiang Wei Wu Er Zi Zhi Qu Chang Ji Hui Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Ma Na Si Xian