Jinghai District, Tianjin Municipality

Jinghai District, under the jurisdiction of Tianjin city, is one of the coastal open areas approved by the State Council. Jinghai borders Xiqing District and Binhai New Area in Tianjin in Northeast and Southeast, Bazhou city in Hebei Province in northwest, Wen'an County and Dacheng County in Hebei Province in West and southwest, and Qingxian County and Huanghua city in Hebei Province in South.

Jinghai city is located in the north of Jinghai District, across the river from Xiqing District, 40 km away from the center of Tianjin, 80 km away from Tianjin Xingang, 60 km away from Tianjin Binhai International Airport, 120 km away from Beijing. In 2016, Jinghai achieved a GDP of 68 billion yuan and a public revenue of 6.48 billion yuan.

Jinghai is the mother County of the main city of Tianjin. In 2015, the county was withdrawn and divided into districts. The former administrative region of Jinghai County is the administrative region of Jinghai district. The people's Government of Jinghai district is located at 99 Yingbin Avenue, Jinghai Town. It used to be a typical county of rural innovation and entrepreneurship in China.

Historical evolution

According to historical records, Jinghai is the place to retreat from the sea. More than 3000 years ago, it still belonged to Ze township. After natural changes, Haihe Plain began to appear and gradually became a land. It is said that wild animals such as "Si BU Xiang" once lived and multiplied here.

During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, the ancestors began to hunt and raise here. Yi tribe of Xia Dynasty and Bo tribe of Shang Dynasty settled here. According to the records of Jinghai County, in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, this place was called Changlu, which belonged to Qi, Yan, Zhao and so on. Qin belongs to Julu County.

In the spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC), it belonged to the state of Qi.

In 663 BC (the 23rd year of Duke Huan of Qi), Jinghai was ceded to the state of Yan.

In the Warring States period, in 312 B.C. (the eighth year of King Xuan of Qi), the state of Qi attacked Yan, belonging to the state of Qi; in 284 B.C. (the 28th year of King Zhao of Yan), General Yue Yi of Yan attacked Qi, belonging to the state of Yan;

In 247 B.C. (the 19th year of King Xiaocheng of Zhao), the state of Zhao and the state of Yan exchanged land, and Jinghai belonged to the state of Zhao.

In 223 B.C. (the 24th year of Emperor Qinshihuang), it belonged to the upper valley of Julu County in the Qin Dynasty.

In 202 B.C. (the fifth year of emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty), Dongping Shu county was built near xidiaotai village, chenguantun town. Shuxian County in Dongping generally includes the northern part of Dacheng, Jinghai and the southern part of Haihe in Tianjin Suburb. Dongpingshu county is located in the west of Bohai Sea, east of Shuzhou, north of Huchi and south of Jishui. It is under the jurisdiction of Bohai County, with a population of about 40000. During this period, the natural environment and geographical environment of the area were relatively stable, agriculture, commerce and population were all developed unprecedentedly, and the prosperous Dongping Shu culture appeared.

In 47 B.C. (the second year of the Yuan Dynasty of the Western Han Dynasty), "the sea water overflowed from the southwest and soaked for hundreds of miles, and the land of Jiuhe was gradually covered by the sea water.". The sea water engulfed Jinghai area, Dongping Shu County moved to houdacheng County, Dongping Shu culture disappeared. In 1990 (the second year of Yuanhe in the Eastern Han Dynasty), it belonged to Hejian state; in 219 (the last year of Jian'an), it belonged to Zhangwu County.

In the Three Kingdoms period (220-280), it belonged to Zhangwu County of Jizhou governor Department of Wei state; in 265 (the first year of Taishi of Western Jin Dynasty), it belonged to Zhangwu County; in the Sixteen Kingdoms of Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420), it belonged to Zhangwu County of Jizhou; in the northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589), it belonged to Zhangwu County of Yingzhou; in 487 (the 11th year of Taihe of Northern Wei Dynasty), it was called "Pingshu county" by the word "Dong"; until the Jin and Sui dynasties, it was the same Li is still known as "a Ze state in the southwest corner of Bohai Sea".

In the early Sui Dynasty, the sea water gradually receded, but it was still a swamp. In 607 (the third year of Daye in Sui Dynasty), it belonged to Hejian County of Yingzhou.

In the Tang Dynasty (618-907), it first belonged to daocangzhou, Hebei Province; in 621 (the fourth year of Wude), it changed to Jingzhou. In 896 (the third year of qianning in Tang Dynasty), qianning army was set up.

During the Five Dynasties and ten states (907-960), it belonged to Nanjing daoxijin Prefecture of Khitan state. In 936 (the first year of the Late Jin Dynasty), Shi Jingtang cut 16 prefectures and Qidan, and qianning army was cut off, which was renamed "ningzhou". In 959 (six years after Zhou Xiande), Chai Shizong made a northern expedition and recovered Jinghai. He was still called qianning army and was under the jurisdiction of Yong'an county (later Qing County, Hebei Province). The northern expedition of Chai Shizong laid the foundation for the boundary rivers (Haihe River and Daqinghe River) in song and Liao dynasties.

In the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), it first belonged to Cangzhou, Hebei Province; in 982 (the fourth year of Liao qianheng, the seventh year of the Taiping reign of the Song Dynasty), the Song Dynasty set up Wozi Village (later Jinghai Town), Duliu Dongzhai, Duliu Beizhai, Shawo village, Dangcheng village, diaotai village and other military sites along the boundary river, which were under the jurisdiction of Qingzhou. In 1048 (the eighth year of the Qing Li period of the Song Dynasty), the Yellow river changed its course, which changed the water situation of the boundary river. Zhai and Pu, which were located here, gradually lost their role of military defense. The garrison began to open up wasteland and open up farmland, and also took charge of civil litigation. With the inflow of immigrants, some larger villages and shops gradually evolved into agricultural natural economic zones, belonging to Cangzhou on gaoyangguan road. As a result, Jinghai region entered a period of stable development. During the reign of song Shaoxi (1190-1194), Jinghai was under the jurisdiction of Jin. At that time, there were 5623 main households and 1192 customers. In 1108 (the second year of the Grand View of the Northern Song Dynasty), Jinghai County was set up. Its meaning was to yearn for stability and peace, and to govern wokou Village (now Jinghai Town). In 1113 (the third year of Zhenghe in the Northern Song Dynasty), it was merged into qianning county (now Qingxian County).

In 1193 (the fourth year of jinmingchang), Jinghai County was restored, belonging to Qingzhou, Hebei East Road. In the Jin (1115-1234) and Yuan (1206-1368) dynasties, Jinghai County reached hutchi gudu in the southeast, Jiehe in the north, xinigu in the East, Dacheng County across the Yanhe River in the southwest, and Bazhou in the northwest.

In 1230 (the second year of Emperor Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty), it belonged to Qingning Prefecture; later, it belonged to Qingzhou, Hejian Road, Zhongshu province. In 1265, it was incorporated into Huichuan (Qingxian County, Hebei Province), under the jurisdiction of Hejian Road, still known as "Jinghai". During this period, wars and floods continued year after year, resulting in a small population and economic decline. In the late Yuan Dynasty, salt industry rose rapidly, and the economy of Jinghai area was gradually restored.

In 1368 (the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty), in order to avoid "Jingnan" and seek peace, "Jing" was changed to "Jing", which was called Jinghai, belonging to Hejian Prefecture. In 1375 (the eighth year of Hongwu), it was changed to shuntianfu (later Beijing). In 1377 (the 10th year of Hongwu), it was changed to Qingzhou, Hejian Prefecture.

According to the history of Ming Dynasty and the records of hejianfu in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, Jinghai was 220 Li long from east to west and 120 Li wide from south to North in Ming Dynasty. Its four reaches: 170 Li to Bohai Sea in the East, 50 Li to Wen'an County in shuntianfu in the west, 60 Li to Qingxian County in the southwest and 60 Li to Wuqing County in shuntianfu in the north. Later, the big and small Zhigu in the urban area of Tianjin, the xianshuigu in the south of Tianjin and the Dongli military grain city all belonged to Jinghai at that time. In Ming Dynasty, Jinghai was divided into 19 Li: Fumin, Ziya, Xinxing, guide, Zhenghua, Yongfeng, Duliu, Guangfu, Baohe, Changle, hujiazhuang, Caojiazhuang, jiajiakou, yangdunggou, Dehua, Xinkou, shaozhikou, Dazhigu, xiumai. In 1523 (the second year of Jiajing), because of famine, people fled, and for 10 Li. In the early years of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, because of the war, the people fled for 9 li. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1662-1722), Jinghai was divided into four routes and one patrol. East Road: 77 villages from Dongyao to yangjiachang; West Road: 66 villages from gujiazhuang to gaolizhuang; South Road: 99 villages from tangguantun to xiaoxinzhuang; North Road: 71 villages from yangdungang to fengjiazhuang; fengxinyi Road: 69 villages. According to the records of Tianjin in the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, in the early Qing Dynasty, Jinghai was 200 Li long from east to west and 140 Li wide from south to north. Its four reaches: 160 Li to Bohai Sea in the East, 40 Li to Dacheng County in the west, 40 Li to Qingxian County in the south, and 100 Li to Wuqing County in shuntianfu in the north. In 1725 (the third year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty), it belonged to Tianjin Prefecture, and in 1731 (the ninth year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty), it belonged to Tianjin Prefecture of Zhili Province.

In 1730 (the eighth year of Yongzheng), according to the records of Tianjin government in the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, 15 villages were assigned from the county to Tianjin. In 1999, 267 villages in Cangzhou, Jinghai and Wuqing were allocated to Tianjin county. Since then, the area of Jinghai has shrunk to 200 Li from east to west and 100 li from north to south. Its six reaches: 160 Li to Bohai Sea in the East, 40 Li to Dacheng County in the west, 40 Li to Qingxian County in the south, 60 Li to Wuqing County in the north, 75 Li to Cangzhou in the southeast and 75 Li to Wuqing County in the northeast. During the reign of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1861-1875), Jinghai was divided into four roads, with jurisdiction over 48 Dilian and 349 villages. East Road jurisdiction brick pile, shuangyao, Dabo, xiaohanzhuang, changliuzhuang, guanputou, shenqingzhuang, Zhongwang, Heshun, Quhe, shangdouhe, tuhe, Dazhuangzi, shunmintun, xiandongjie and other 15 places and 106 villages. Xi Lu governs 11 Dilian villages, including xiwulizhuang, Huayuan, Jiakou, gujiazhuang, Liangtou, donghetou, tanzitou, Chanfang, yangfenggang, wazitou and Ziya. South Road governs 12 districts and 96 villages, including Nanjie, Shuangtang, Changtun, chenguantun, gaojiazhuang, Qijiazhuang, zhailikou, dahaozhuang, tangguantun, jinguantun, yangguantun and jiuzhangtun. North Road governs 10 districts and 78 villages, including Xianbei street, Baiyangshu, xiaojialou, Duliu, Dangcheng, liangwangzhuang, Shawo, Muchang, liulicheng and qingninghou. By the eve of the Opium War, Jinghai's appearance had been greatly improved. Its population had increased sharply, with an area of 1800 square kilometers and 2 million mu of arable land. It was divided into four roads: East, West, South and North. It had jurisdiction over 348 administrative villages, with a total number of 46000 households and a population of more than 170000.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the county was reduced. According to Jinghai County annals of the Republic of China, "the distance between the north and the south is 120 Li, the distance between the East and the west is 100 Li, the distance between the East and the west is more than 80 Li, and the distance between the East and the west is more than 7000 Li." Its four reaches: 35 Li to Tianjin County in the East, 25 Li to Dacheng County in the west, 40 Li to Qingxian County in the South and 45 Li to Wuqing County in the north.

1913 (the second year of the Republic of China)

Chinese PinYin : Tian Jin Shi Shi Xia Qu Jing Hai Qu