Sangzhuzi District, Shigatse City, Tibet Autonomous Region

Sangzhuzi District sangzhuzi District, formerly known as Shigatse, also known as nianmai, is a municipal district under the jurisdiction of prefecture level Shigatse City in Tibet Autonomous Region, covering an area of 3700 square kilometers. Shigatse is the second largest city in Tibet and a national historical and cultural city. Sangzhuzi district is located in the south of Tibet Autonomous Region and the east of Shigatse region. Sangzhuzi district is located in the northern foot of the Himalayas. The Yarlung Zangbo River runs through the East and West, winding for 145 kilometers, and the Nianchu River converges with it. The climate is relatively mild, with obvious monsoon and arid plateau climate characteristics. The average annual temperature is 6.3 ℃ and the annual precipitation is 400mm.

During the Sakya Dynasty in the 11th century, there was already a small town. It has been more than 600 years since the establishment of the city: Emperor Yuan Shun's datu Jiangqu jianzan established the Pazhu Dynasty, with 13 major divisions. The last one was called sangzhuzi. Since 1360, sangzhuzi Zongbao was built in Zongshan (there is Jiangzi Zongbao in nearby Jiangzi county). In 1447, the Dalai Lama, the leader of the Gelug Sect, presided over the construction of the zhashlunbu temple and developed the urban area. During the period of the Tibetan bahangama Dynasty, Shigatse City was the capital of Tibet and ruled the whole of Tibet for the last 24 years. In 1643, Gushi Khan stationed in Shigatse. Later, he demolished the old palace and transported the building materials to Lhasa to expand the Jokhang Temple and rebuild the Potala Palace, and moved the capital to Lhasa. Since 1643, zhashlunbu temple has been the residence of Panchen Lama in tin.

Places of interest include tashilumbu temple, Sakya temple, Xialu temple, engui temple, er temple and sangzhuzi Zongbao, which is known as "little potala palace".

In the first quarter of 2012, the total tourism revenue was 79.32 million yuan, the total retail sales of social consumer goods was 102.56 million yuan, and the import and export of foreign trade was 260.06 million US dollars. As of 2013, the population was 110000. Sangzhuzi district is listed as the first batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas. On February 6, 2019, the people's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region decided to withdraw sangzhuzi district from poverty-stricken areas.

Historical evolution

tubo dynasty

At the beginning of the seventh century, the Tang Dynasty established a powerful unified regime. Songzanganbu of Yalong tribe realized the unification in Tibet Plateau and formally established the Tubo Dynasty. According to the geographical and natural distribution, the central region under the jurisdiction of Tubo Dynasty was divided into "Wei" and "Zang". The "Zang" areas in the East and west of Shigatse were "Yaru" (Chuhe area) and "RULA" (along the upper reaches of today's Yarlung Zangbo), bounded by gangbala mountain in the East and Gangdise mountain in the West. Because the "Tibet" area is located in the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, there is the "post Tibet" theory. With the development of history, the definition of "houzang" area has changed. However, sangzhuzi district is still in the center of this area. Therefore, according to historical facts, people are also used to calling Shigatse "houzang".

Shigatse was originally called "nianqumai" or "nianmai" (meaning the lower reaches of the Nianchu River). Although it was inhabited for a long time, it is still a desolate place.

In the eighth century, Chisong Dezan, the Tibetan king of the Tufan Dynasty, invited the Indian monk lianhuasheng to Tibet to build the Sangye temple. He passed through Shigatse to practice and preach here. He predicted that the center of the snow plateau was Lhasa, followed by Nimai (Shigatse).

Saga Dynasty

In the 11th century, during the Sakya Dynasty, nianmai had already taken the shape of a "town".

Yuan Dynasty, Pazhu Dynasty

Shigatse became the political and religious center of post Tibet, starting from the Pazhu Dynasty in the Yuan Dynasty.

At the beginning of the 14th century, datu Jiangqu jianzan of Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty defeated the Sakya Dynasty and established the pamuzhuba Dynasty. Under the protection of the royal families of the yuan and Ming Dynasties, he set up 13 Dazong streams. The last one was called sangzhuzi (meaning to achieve his wish, located in today's Kaze), named xikasangzhuzi. In 1360, sangzhuzi fort was built in Zongshan, and Shigatse was built at the capital level. From then on, it became a center of a huge area.

In 1447, the first Dalai Lama Gen Dun Zhu BA (the apprentice of Zong Kaba, the founder of the Gelug Sect) began to preside over the construction of zhashlunbu temple with the support of a large aristocrat. The construction of zasi laid a foundation for the development of sangzhuzi District, and the city gradually expanded with zasi as the center.

Karma Dynasty

Shigatse flourished in the period of zangbahan, the capital of the Karmapa kingdom of the Kagyu regime, especially in the last 24 years when the Karmapa dynasty ruled Tibet. In 1618, Tibet was taken as a stronghold after Tibet, which overthrew the pamuzhuba regime which supported the Gelug faction and established the dixizang bahan regime, with the capital in sangzhuzi Shigatse.

During the reign of Tibet and Pakistan Khan, the sangzhuzi fort in Zongshan was expanded, making Zongshan one of the most magnificent buildings in Tibet. Sangzhuzi district once became the political, economic and cultural center of Tibet. Tourists from all over the country kept coming and going, and the city outline of sangzhuzi district was constantly built.

Gushi Khan period

The karma Gaju sect and the zangba Khan adopted a policy of oppression and destruction against the Gelug Sect, namely the Yellow religion, and cancelled the title of Dalai. In 1618, the gama Kagyu faction defeated the Allied forces formed by the Gelug faction and captured Lhasa. The Tibetan BA Khan ruled all Tibet. Around 1630, dixizangba danjiwangbu took advantage of the opportunity of internal strife between razun and huntaiji in the tumed tribe to launch an anti Huangjiao climax, which made the fifth Dalai Lama have to avoid Shannan. However, although the Gelug Sect is a new sect, there are still many believers in Tibet, Qinghai and Tianshan. Gushi Khan, the Khan king of Heshuote Khanate in Tianshan region, is a member of the Gelug Sect.

In 1634, the fifth Dalai Lama and the fourth Panchen Lama decided to send special envoys to the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain to ask gushihan, the leader of Heshuote tribe (also the king of Heshuote Khanate), for help. In 1641, Gushi Khan led his troops to invade Shigatse and overthrew the Tibetan bahan regime of the Gaju faction.

In 1642, Gushi Khan ruled Tibet. He invited the fifth Dalai Lama to Shigatse, dedicated 130000 Tibetan households to the fifth Dalai Lama, demolished the old palace of the karma Dynasty (in the present urban area of Shigatse), and transported the timber to Lhasa to expand the Jokhang Temple and build the Potala Palace. He entrusted the administrative affairs of the Wei and Zang areas to the Dalai Lama's Diba and later moved the capital to Lhasa.

In 1642, the local regime in Tibet, which was managed by the Gelug faction, was established in his Heshuote Khanate. (named after Dalai's residence in gandanpozhang, Drepung Temple). The Dalai Lama lived in the former Tibet, and Gushi Khan himself led his troops to Shigatse (later moved to Lhasa) in the latter Tibet.

In 1643, Gushi Khan gave Luo sangqu Jie the honorary title of "bokeduo of Panchen" because of his outstanding contribution. Gushi Khan dedicated all the ten xikas to zashilunbu temple for the support of monks. Since then, Zha temple has become the residence of Panchen Lama in the past dynasties, and sangzhuzi district has become the political, economic and cultural center of post Tibet.

The Qing Dynasty

Kangxi granted the title of Panchen Lama, also known as Panchen Erdeni.

During the Qing Dynasty, the political situation in Tibet was stable. In February 1910, due to the mistakes in the policy of governing Tibet in the late Qing Dynasty and the British imperialism, the political situation in Tibet was complicated. Through unequal treaties, the British imperialists set up business offices in Gyangze and Yadong, and correspondingly established postal services in these places. After the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the unequal treaties imposed by imperialism were soon abolished and the postal construction of new Tibet began.

peaceful liberation

In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), the national government issued an order on February 5, authorizing the 14th Dalai Lama to succeed; on June 3, 1949, Li Zongren issued an order authorizing the 10th Panchen Lama to succeed. During this period, sangzhuzi district basically did not develop.

On May 23, 1951, the Central People's government and the local government of Tibet signed the agreement on measures for the peaceful liberation of Tibet between the Central People's government and the local government of Tibet.

On November 15, 1951, the Chinese people's Liberation Army entered Shigatse. For the convenience of administration, the Central Committee has set up two sub working committees in Shigatse and Gyangze. On April 22, 1956, the Preparatory Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region was officially established, with Jiqiao Office (equivalent to the district) of the Preparatory Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region set up in Shigatse and Gyangze respectively.

On March 10, 1959, the local government of Tibet and the upper reactionary groups launched an all-round counter revolutionary armed rebellion against the motherland in Lhasa.

From March 1959 to October 1961, the anti rebel struggle which lasted more than two years ended successfully.

On March 28, 1959, the State Council issued an order announcing the dissolution of the local government of Tibet. The Preparatory Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region and its branches exercised the functions and powers of the local government of Tibet. At the same time, it adopted a resolution to reform while suppressing rebellion. In 1959, Xigaze began its democratic reform.

The people's Government of Xigaze county was established in May 1959.

In December 1986, with the approval of the State Council, Shigatse county was changed into Shigatse City (county-level city), under the jurisdiction of Shigatse Prefecture.

On June 26, 2014, the State Council of the people's Republic of China approved the cancellation of Shigatse Prefecture and county-level Shigatse City, and established prefecture level Shigatse City. Sangzhuzi district was established in Shigatse City. The former county-level Shigatse City was changed into sangzhuzi District, and the administrative region of the former county-level Shigatse City was the administrative region of sangzhuzi district.

On the morning of December 1, 2014, sangzhuzi District of Shigatse City held the unveiling ceremony, marking the formal establishment of sangzhuzi district.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 1960, sangzhuzi district established a total of 11 townships including Chengguan Town, Lianxiang, nianmu Township, Jiangdang Township, bianxiong Township, Dongga Township, nierixiong Township, jiacuoxiong Township, Qumei Township, qubuxiong Township and Quxia township.

In 1988, the town was withdrawn and divided into Chengnan street and Chengbei street