Gaochang District, Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Gaochang District, belonging to Turpan city of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is located at the south foot of Bogda peak, a branch of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang. It is the center of Turpan Basin and the political, economic and cultural center of Turpan city.

Gaochang district has a total area of 13690 square kilometers and a population of 278700 (in 2018), inhabiting 27 ethnic groups including Uygur, Han and Hui.

Gaochang District, located in the center of the Silk Road, is a famous historical town. Since the Han Dynasty, it has long been one of the political, economic and cultural centers in the western regions of China.

On December 31, 2019, it will be selected as a typical county of rural innovation and entrepreneurship in China.

Historical evolution

The name of "Turpan" was first found in the annals of the western regions, that is, the journey of the western regions written by Chen Cheng of the Ming Dynasty. Turpan, Uyghur language means rich and fertile place. According to tongwenzhi of the western regions, it means "impoundment" in Hui language. The dictionary of general names published by the commercial press is interpreted as Uyghur, meaning "metropolis". "Turpan" is a homonym of "Tubo", according to the local records of Turpan hall written by Zeng Binghuang.

It was called "Gushi" in ancient times, and was an important town on the ancient Silk Road. In the Western Han Dynasty, it was the former king's Court of Cheshi. According to the biography of the western regions in the history of Han Dynasty, the former king of Cheshi ruled Jiaohe. In the first year of the Yuan emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (48 BC), Wuji and erxiaowei were set up to garrison the farmland. In the third year of Hedi (91 BC) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wuji Xiaowei moved from Jiaohe City to Gaochang. Gaochang county was established in Jin Dynasty, and the Northern Wei Dynasty belonged to "vermin" (also known as "Ruirui" or "RuRu"), which was called Gaochang state.

In Tang Dynasty, Anxi capital was set up to protect the government, which was called Xizhou. He didn't enter Tubo at the end of Tang Dynasty. The Song Dynasty is known as huihe'er, who is afraid of my son. In Yuan Dynasty, we set up the Wei'er Duhu. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there were three divisions: Liucheng (now Lukeqin in Shanshan county), Huozhou and Turpan, all of which set up "daluhuachi" (the Chief Executive) in wanhu Prefecture.

In the 44th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1775 AD), there was a leader of Turpan, and Guangan City (now the old city) was built. In 1886, the Zhili Hall of Turpan was set up, which was under the jurisdiction of Dihua Prefecture. It governed Turpan, Shanshan and Toksun. In 1913, Zhili hall was changed to Turpan county. In December 1984, the county was removed to establish a city.

In 1996, Turpan covered an area of 15738 square kilometers with a population of 236000. It has jurisdiction over 2 streets, 2 towns and 7 townships: Laocheng road street, Gaochang road street, Daheyan Town, qiquanhu Town, Yar Township, Putao Township, aidinhu Township, chateker Township, Erbao Township, Sanbao Township and Shengjin township. There are 221 regiments of Xinjiang production and Construction Corps.

According to the fifth census in 2000, there are 251652 permanent residents in Turpan, including 15551 in Laocheng Road, 26700 in Gaochang Road, 11979 in qiquanhu Town, 11081 in Daheyan Town, 58068 in Yar Township, 19328 in aidinhu Township, 24035 in grape Township, 27294 in qiatkale Township, 11453 in Erbao Township, 13669 in sanbao Township, 22898 in Shengjin Township and 2837 in Hongliuhe horticultural farm There are 2049 people in the original breeding field and 4710 people in the 221 regiment of Jiaohe West Town Corps.

By the end of 2003, Turpan had a total area of 13689.71 square kilometers, of which the urban area was 14.9 square kilometers. The total population is 254900. It has jurisdiction over 2 streets, 2 towns and 7 townships: Laocheng road street, Gaochang road street, Daheyan Town, qiquanhu Town, Yar Township, Putao Township, chateker Township, Aidinghu Township, Shengjin Township, Erbao Township and Sanbao township. The municipal government is located in Qingnian Road.

In 2008, Putaogou street was set up, with jurisdiction over four communities, namely Dafu sangai, baiximaili, buyruk and Putao.

According to the sixth census in 2010, there are 273385 permanent residents in Turpan, including 22808 in Laocheng street, 46992 in Gaochang street, 9041 in Putaogou street, 10054 in qiquanhu Town, 9133 in Daheyan Town, 53307 in Yar Township, 18890 in aidinhu Township, 15683 in Putao Township, 27174 in qiatkale Township, 12417 in Erbao Township, 15135 in Sanbao Township, 2424246 in Shengjin Township and 24246 in Hongbao township There are 2313 people in Liuhe horticultural farm, 2206 people in the original seed farm and 3986 people in the 221 regiment of BINGTUAN.

On May 26, 2014, the government of the autonomous region (new political Letter No. 76) approved the abolition of Yar Township and the establishment of Yar town. After the adjustment, the district has jurisdiction over three streets, three towns and six townships.

On October 7, 2014, the Xinjiang production and Construction Corps ushered in its 60th anniversary. The Information Office of the State Council released the white paper "the history and development of Xinjiang production and Construction Corps".

On March 16, 2015, the State Council (Guo Han No. 52) approved to abolish Turpan Prefecture Level and county level Turpan city and establish prefecture level Turpan city. Gaochang district is set up in Turpan city. The administrative region of the former county-level Turpan city is the administrative region of Gaochang district. Gaochang District People's government is located at No. 690, Laocheng East Road, Laocheng road sub district.

On April 12, 2015, the county-level Turpan city was replaced by Gaochang district.

administrative division

By the end of 2019, Gaochang district has jurisdiction over four streets, four towns and five townships: Laocheng road street, Gaochang road street, Putaogou street, Hongliuhe street, qiquanhu Town, Daheyan Town, Yar Town, aidinhu Town, Putao Town, qiatkale Township, Erbao Township, Sanbao Township and Shengjin township. There are 42 communities, 57 administrative villages and 238 natural villages. The total administrative area is 13600 square kilometers, and the District People's government is located in Qingnian Road, Laocheng road street.

physical geography

Gaochang district is located in the east of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, at the south foot of Bogda mountain, the main peak in the Middle East of Tianshan Mountains, and in the center of Turpan Basin. It is 90 kilometers wide from east to west and 262 kilometers long from north to south. The terrain is high from north to South and low in the middle. Geographical coordinates: 88 ° 29 ′ 28 ″ - 89 ° 54 ′ 33 ″ e, 42 ° 15 ′ 10 ″ - 43 ° 35 ′ n. The total land area is 13589 square kilometers. It is adjacent to Hami in the East, Hejing, Heshuo, Yuli and Ruoqiang counties in Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in the West and south, and Urumqi city and Qitai, jimusar and Mulei counties in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture across Tianshan Mountain in the north. It is 183 kilometers away from Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

topographic features

In Gaochang District, mountain area accounts for 23%, plain area 77% and Gobi area 60%. Turpan's natural environment is very special. It is the lowest and hottest place in China. According to geological investigation, it was an inland sea before it became a land after orogeny. The whole basin is high in the north and low in the south. Bogda peak in the north is 5445 meters away from the sea, and the peak is covered with snow all the year round, which is the main water source of the basin. Huoyanshan lies in the center, dividing the whole area into Shanbei and Shannan. Aiding Lake is located in the south, 154 meters below sea level, which is the lowest land level in China. The city is 34 meters above sea level. The soil is mainly sandy soil and yellow clay, which is slightly alkaline with little organic matter.

climate

Gaochang district is a typical continental warm temperate desert climate with abundant sunshine, abundant heat but extremely dry, few rainfall and frequent gales, so it is called "Huozhou" and "wind reservoir". The annual sunshine hours here are about 3000-3200 hours, about 1000 hours more than those in eastern China at the same latitude. The annual solar radiation is 139.5-150.4 kcal / cm2, 15-20 kcal / cm2 more than those in North China and Northeast China at the same latitude, second only to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The annual average temperature is 13.9 ℃, and the hot days higher than 35 ℃ are more than 100 days. The extreme high temperature in summer is 49.6 ℃, the surface temperature is more than 70 ℃, and 82.3 ℃ has been recorded. It is known as "baked eggs in sand nest" and "baked dough cake on stone". The extreme minimum temperature in winter is - 28.7 ℃; the daily temperature difference and annual temperature difference are large, the annual effective accumulated temperature is more than 10 ℃ and more than 5300 ℃, and the long-term frost free period is about 210 days. Due to the hot and dry climate, it is dry and rainless. The annual average precipitation is only 16.4 mm, while the evaporation is as high as more than 3000 mm.

population

As of 2000, the total population of Gaochang district is 251652, including 15551 in Laocheng road street, 26700 in Gaochang road street, 11979 in qiquanhu Town, 11081 in Daheyan Town, 58068 in ya'er Township, 19328 in Aidinghu Township, 24035 in grape Township, 27294 in qiatkale Township, 11453 in Erbao Township, 13669 in Sanbao Township, 22898 in Shengjin Township, 2837 in Hongliuhe horticultural farm virtual Township and original seed farm There are 2049 people in virtual Township and 4710 people in virtual township of 221 regiment of Jiaohe West Town Corps.

As of 2012, Gaochang district has 27 ethnic groups, including Uygur, Han and Hui, with a total population of 271800.

In 2018, the total population of Gaochang district was 278700. Among them, the urban population is 75900; the rural population is 202800; the non-agricultural population is 96300; the agricultural population is 182400; the male population is 140100, accounting for 50.24%; the female population is 138600, accounting for 49.76%; the birth rate is 21.97 ‰, the mortality rate is 5.43 ‰, and the natural growth rate of the population is 16.54 ‰; the Uygur population is 213200, accounting for 76.48% of the total population, and the Han population is 50100 There are 17.98% of the total population, 19700 Hui people, accounting for 6.82% of the total population, and none of the other ethnic groups

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