Linghai City, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province

Linghai, a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Liaoning Province, is managed by Jinzhou City. Linghai city is located in the southwest of Liaoning Province and on the Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea. Its geographical coordinates are between 40 ° 48 '- 41 ° 26' n and 120 ° 42 '- 121 ° 45' e. it is surrounded by Jinzhou City, the central city of western Liaoning Province. Linghai is an open coastal city in Liaoning Province, known as "a pearl in the corridor of western Liaoning". On November 16, 1993, with the approval of the State Council, the county was removed to build a city. In 2009, the city governs 18 townships, 2 streets and 260 administrative villages, with a total population of 537000 and 15 ethnic minorities including Manchu, Hui, Mongolian and Korean. The total land area is 2495 square kilometers (the administrative area is 2638.5 square kilometers). In 2015, Linghai's GDP was 19 billion yuan.

Evolution of organizational system

Yu and Xia were the regions of Jizhou. Shang belongs to Guzhu state. Zhou is a place of Youzhou. In the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, tuhe belonged to the state of Yan.

After the Qin Dynasty destroyed the unification of the six states, it was under the jurisdiction of Liaoxi county.

In the Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to tuhe County of Liaoxi county. Xinmang was renamed Hefu county. In the 25th year of Jianwu (49 A.D.) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was established as tuhe County of Liaodong.

After the Wei Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms conquered Liaodong, Changli County was set up, and the county ruled Changli County. In the Jin Dynasty, the Xians in the North rose. Murong village in the former Yan Dynasty was restored to tuhe, and Murong village was restored to Xile county. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, it was Guangxing County of Changli County in the Northern Wei Dynasty, with jurisdiction over tuhe, Yongle and yanchangdi.

After the unification of Sui Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Huhe County, Liaoxi county. The Tang Dynasty belonged to ruluo.

In 907, the first year of Kaiping in the late Liang Dynasty, Yelv abaoji, a noble of Qidan, conquered the kingdom of Qidan and established the state of Qidan, which was later changed to Liao. Jinzhou was set up in the Navy, Yongle County was set up here, belonging to Jingzhong road. Jinzhou's name began in Liao Dynasty. It is based on Xiaoling River, which flows from southwest to East. It is called "Jinchuan" because it flows like brocade.

Jin Dynasty is still named Jinzhou because of the Liao system. It governs Yongle, Anchang and Shenshui counties, belonging to Beijing road. Yuan province military county name into the state, said Jinzhou is Daning road.

In 1368, the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang (emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty) became emperor and overthrew the rule of Yuan Dynasty. He established Nanjing as the capital of Ming Dynasty and unified China. Hongwu 24 years (1391) home Guangning, zuotungwei, Jin county is its jurisdiction. Guangning youtunwei was set up in 1393, the 26th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty. It was initially set up in shishanshanbao. The next year, he moved to Linhai township (now Youwei town) of zaoluyang County, which was under the command of Liaodong capital. In the third year of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty, it was set up in the middle of Dalinghe river. There are thousands of households in Songshan castle, and the city is built and guarded. Up to the 44th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1616), Nuerhachi (Taizu of Qing Dynasty), the leader of Nuzhen nationality, established the post Jin State. In 1631, Emperor Taiji (Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty) of the Jin Dynasty led his troops into the city of Dalinghe, and Zu dashou, the chief soldier of the Ming Dynasty, descended to the city. After the ninth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1636), the Jin Dynasty changed its name to Qing Dynasty. In 1639, he was trapped in Songshan city. In 1642, the city of Songshan was destroyed, and Hong Chengchou, the governor of Ming Dynasty, and Zu dashou, the chief soldier were captured. From then on, Jin county was discussed in Qing Dynasty.

In 1644, the first year of Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, the emperor Shizu of the Qing Dynasty entered the pass and established the capital of Beijing, gradually unifying the whole country. In the early Qing Dynasty, Jin county was under the jurisdiction of Jinzhou. In July of the first year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1662), Jinzhou was changed into Jinxian County, which was subordinate to fengtianfu. In June of the third year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1664), it was transferred to Guangning Prefecture. In December of the same year, Guangning was terminated and Jinzhou was set up as the county's subsidiary government. County and government offices are located in Jinzhou. In 1906, jiangjiatunting hall was set up in the west of Jinxian county. Later, it was renamed jinxiting hall, which was subordinate to Tianfu. In the third year of Xuantong of Qing Dynasty (the county was cut off in 1911, and Jinxian county was named after Jinzhou prefecture).

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the government of Jinzhou was cut off and changed to a county, which was called Jinxian county and was subordinate to Liaoshen road. In 1929, Daoism was abolished and Fengtian province was established in Zhili. In the same year, Fengtian province was renamed Liaoning Province, and Jin county was subordinate to Liaoning Province, and its County Office was located in Jinzhou. In 1931, the Japanese imperialists invaded Northeast China and supported the puppet regime of Manchukuo. In the following year (the first year of Datong of Manchukuo), Jinxian County Office was set up under the jurisdiction of Fengtian province, and the county office was still located in Jinzhou. In October of the first year of Kant's reign (1934), the puppet Manchu government set up Jinzhou province and Jinxian County Office was subordinate to Jinzhou province. In 1937, the city of Jinzhou was set up. The county and the city were divided, and the county office was still in Jinzhou.

Jinxian county was liberated by the Eighth Route Army after the restoration of the eighth five year plan in 1945. In the winter of the same year, Kuomintang troops entered. In 1948, Jin county government was set up in Jinzhou City. In November 1948, the Liaoshen campaign ended and Jinzhou was liberated. The people's Government of Jinxian County moved to liushuipu village in the north of Jinzhou City. In 1949, Jin county government moved to Dalinghe village. In the same year, Liaoning Province was established, and Jinxian county was subordinate to Liaoning Province.

In 1954, the western and Eastern Liaoning provinces were merged into Liaoning Province, and Jin county was subordinate to Liaoning Province. In the same year, the administrative name of a province, city or county was changed to a people's Committee. Jinxian people's Committee is subordinate to Liaoning Provincial People's Committee. At the end of 1980, by the resolution of the county people's Congress, the county Revolutionary Committee was transformed into the county people's government. In 1988, the State Council approved the first batch of open cities around Bohai Bay, which is also one of the western Liaoning coastal economic zones determined by Liaoning Province. On November 16, 1993, with the approval of the State Council, the county was removed to build a city. Jinxian county was changed into Linghai city.

administrative division

By 2019, Linghai city has jurisdiction over 4 streets, 15 towns and 2 townships, and the municipal government is located in Dalinghe street.

geographical environment

Location context

Linghai city is located in the southwest of Liaoning Province, on the Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea. The geographical coordinates of Linghai city are between 40 ° 48 '- 41 ° 26' n and 120 ° 42 '- 121 ° 45' e. the city is surrounded by Jinzhou City, the central city of western Liaoning, Liaodong Bay in the South and Songling mountain in the north. The total land area is 2495 square kilometers (the administrative area is 2638.5 square kilometers).

landforms

The natural geomorphic structure of Linghai city is generally divided into "four mountains, two rivers and four fields", and the territory has "mountains, plains, depressions and seas". Linghai city is surrounded by Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea. Its coastline is 83.7 kilometers long, with 17000 hectares of coastal beach and 90000 hectares of coastal waters within 10 meters of isobath.

mountain range

The mountains in Linghai city are Songling mountain and Yiwulu Mountain. The two mountains extend from east to west to the West and north of Linghai city. To the west of Daling River is Songling mountain, and to the east of Daling River is Yiwulu Mountain.

climate

Linghai is located in the north temperate zone and has a continental climate. The climate is characterized by four distinct seasons, hot rain and sufficient sunshine. The annual average temperature is 8-8.7 ℃, the annual active accumulated temperature is 3400-3600 ℃, the annual precipitation is 550-620mm, the frost free period is 160-180 days, and the 80% guarantee rate is 165 days. The South low-lying area is 5-7 days longer than the north mountainous area. The annual sunshine hours are 2804 hours, 1250 hours from May to September, and the sunshine percentage is 63%. The average temperature is 8-10 ℃, and the final frost period is at the end of April and the beginning of May. The precipitation is 65-80 mm, accounting for 12-13% of the annual precipitation. In summer, it is hot and rainy. The precipitation is 400-450 mm, accounting for 62-70% of the annual precipitation. The average temperature is 22.5-23 ℃, and the extreme maximum temperature can reach 39.5-42.0 ℃. In autumn, the temperature and rain drop sharply, the precipitation is 85-125 mm, accounting for 14-21% of the annual precipitation, the average temperature is 9-11 ℃, and the first frost period is around October 8. In winter, the climate is cold and dry, with an average of - 6 - 8 ℃. The extreme minimum temperature is - 25.6 ℃, and the precipitation is 5 - 12 mm, accounting for 1 - 2% of the annual precipitation.

The four seasons of Linghai are characterized by warm spring, hot summer, cool autumn and cold winter. The extreme maximum temperature in summer is above 30 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature in winter is below - 20 ℃, with a difference of 50 ℃.

hydrology

There are 19 rivers with a length of more than 10 kilometers in Linghai City, which belong to three water systems: Daling River, Xiaoling River and Liaohe River. Among them, Daling River has a flow of 85 km and a drainage area of 842 square km.

natural resources

land resource

In 2009, the cultivated land area with agricultural division in Linghai city was 1889363 mu, accounting for 41.63% of the total land area. The actual cultivated land area is 1466654 mu, accounting for 32.3% of the total land area. The per capita cultivated land area is 2.39 mu, 0.89 mu more than the national per capita cultivated land area (1.5 mu), 0.4 Mu less than the provincial per capita cultivated land area (2.79 mu), and 0.59 mu more than Jinzhou per capita cultivated land area (1.8 mu). Compared with 1949, the area of cultivated land decreased by 295856 mu.

Forest land area (including orchard area) is 557231 mu, accounting for 12.28% of the total land area.

Grassland and open forest grassland cover an area of 785399 mu, accounting for 17.3% of the total land area.

The water area is 604900 mu, accounting for 13.33% of the total land area.

Other land use area is 701158 mu, accounting for 15.46% of the total land area. Among them, urban and rural residential areas cover an area of 246299 mu, industrial, mining and transportation land of 181826 mu, special land of 8741 mu, and difficult to use land of 264292 mu.

Biological resources

Mammals: roe deer

Chinese PinYin : Liao Ning Sheng Jin Zhou Shi Ling Hai Shi