Longde County, Guyuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Longde County Longde County, subordinate to Guyuan City of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is located in the Western foot of Liupan and the southern border of Ningxia. It is located in the capital cities of Yinchuan, Xi'an and Lanzhou. National Highway 312 runs from east to west, and Qinglan Expressway passes through. It is between 35 ° 21 '- 35 ° 47' n and 105 ° 48 '- 106 ° 15' E. Guanshan in the East, Hetao in the west, Qinzhou in the south, ningshuo in the north, Qinliang in the front, and Xifu in the back, are known as the key of Guanlong. It is 47 kilometers long from north to South and 41 kilometers wide from east to west. The county covers an area of 985 square kilometers. By the end of 2019, it has jurisdiction over 13 townships with a total population of 156023, and the county government is located in Chengguan town.

By the end of 2019, Longde's calligraphy, painting, paper-cut, clay sculpture, seal cutting and other folk culture have been included in more than 100 items of the national intangible cultural heritage survey catalog, involving more than 50 items of Longde. Among them, Yang's clay sculpture and Gaotai Ma Shehuo have been listed in the National Intangible Cultural Heritage Representative List, and 11 items of folk painting and paper-cut have been listed in the autonomous region intangible cultural heritage protection list. In 1935, Mao Zedong led the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army to cross Liupan Mountain through Longde and wrote the famous poem "qingpingle · Liupan Mountain". There are Liupan Tianchi, Fuxi cliff, Qingliang world, Hongya old alley and other scenic spots in the territory. It has been honored as "the hometown of modern Chinese folk painting", "the advanced county of Chinese culture" and "the hometown of Chinese calligraphy".

In 2020, Longde County's GDP will reach 3.498 billion yuan, the total investment in fixed assets will reach 2.2 billion yuan, the local general public budget revenue will reach 89 million yuan, and the per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents will reach 26520 yuan and 11170 yuan respectively.

Historical evolution

Longde County got its name from yangmulong city and Deshun army's "long" and "de".

In ancient times, it was the nomadic land of Rongdi tribe.

The Zhou Dynasty was a wasteland suit and lived in Xirong.

Qin belongs to Beidi county.

Han and Three Kingdoms belong to anding county.

The northern and Southern dynasties belong to Qinzhou in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Sui belongs to Pingliang county.

In the Tang Dynasty, it was the pasture of Yuanzhou.

In the Song Dynasty, there was an administrative establishment, with the initial establishment of Longgan City, and later the construction of Deshun army with Longgan City, belonging to Weizhou and Qinfeng road. In the first year of emperor Zhenzong of Song Dynasty (1017), he built yangmulong city in yeluolongchuan (huojiazhai, Jiangtai Township, xinglongchuan). Song zhezong Tianyou eight years (1093) set up Longgan County in waidibao (now Longde County), under the Deshun army.

In 1131, the first year of Shaoxing, Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin soldiers besieged the Deshun army, which was occupied by the Jin people. In 1142, Emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty changed the army of Deshun to Deshun Prefecture, and promoted longdezhai to Longde County.

Longde County was set up in Yuan Dynasty, belonging to Jingning Prefecture, gongchang Road, Shaanxi Province. In 1227, Genghis Khan captured the Long'an army and established Deshun Prefecture. Later, Zhiping County, Weirong county and Shuiluo County entered the Long'an Prefecture. In 1304, Longgan county was incorporated into Deshun Prefecture, and then Deshun Prefecture was abolished. The county government of Longde County was moved from the original yangmulong city to the original longgangan city (now Longde County) to Jingning Prefecture.

In 1369, the Ming army captured Longde County on April 22, Zhili Pingliang house in Longde County.

In 1645, Longde County entered the territory of the Qing Dynasty and was directly under Pingliang Prefecture.

In the Republic of China, Longde County belongs to Longdong road and Jingyuan road of Gansu Province, and belongs to the second administrative region of Gansu Province. There are 21 fortresses in the county. In 1913, it belonged to Jingyuan road of Gansu Province. In 1935, it was the second administrative supervision district of Gansu Province.

On August 3, 1949, the 65th division of the 19th corps of the Chinese people's Liberation Army liberated Longde. Longde County is subordinate to Pingliang area of Gansu Province.

In 1958, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established, and Longde belongs to Guyuan area of Ningxia (Guyuan city was established in 2002). In October, the people's commune was established. 13 people's communes were established in the county.

In April 1959, the name of Longde County was changed to be named after its residence or jurisdiction.

administrative division

Division evolution

In Song Dynasty, there were 1 county, 1 city and 6 villages in linglonggan County, shuiluocheng County, Jingbian village, Longde village, Desheng village, Tongbian village, Zhiping village and Huaiyuan village.

Jin governs Longgan County, Shuiluo County, Weirong County, Longde County, Tongbian county and Zhiping County, Desheng village, Ning'an village, Jingbian village and Huaiyuan village, and zhonganbao village.

Yuan, and Zhiping, Weirong, Shuiluo Longgan.

In Ming Dynasty, Xuanhua, Fude, Bilong, Caowu and Liren were set up at the beginning, and Renlong and Dehua were set up at the end.

In the Qing Dynasty, two Li were set up in Renlong and Dehua, and three li were set up in the third year of Kangxi (1664). Guangxu, East, West, South, north, central five areas.

In the Republic of China, Gongtai, Xiaoyi, Qianli, Danshu, pan HeXiong, malituo, Yueshi, LV Qingfu, Shenlin, luanchai, tunmin, Xu Daoxian, shangxindian, xiaxindian, Mengxuan, qianshaoshan, houshaoshan, zhangwencai, Hangou, Jiangtai, Mayi 21bao were compiled.

In 1938, the county was divided into 6 districts: Panshan, Shatang, tunmin, Shanhe, Xinglong and Pingfeng.

In August 1944, Xiji County was set up. Pingfeng, Mengxuan, Hangou and Jiangtai were assigned to Xiji County. After the planning, there are three towns of Panshan, Shanhe and Xinglong, and six townships of Shatang, Shenlin, Chaonong, tunmin, Danshu and Shaoshan. A total of 731 a were compiled.

In 1949, the people's Republic of China was founded. It changed Panshan town into Chengguan District, Shatang Township into Shatang District, Shenlin Township into Shenlin District, Chaonong Township and Shanhe Township into nongshan District, tunmin Township and Danshu Township into tunshu District, Xinglong Township and Shaoshan Township into Xingshan district. The county has 47 townships, 154 administrative villages and 461 natural villages.

In December 1953, October 1955 and may 1956, the districts were withdrawn and merged into townships. After mutual allocation with Xiji County and Jingning County, the whole county organized Shatang District, tunshu District, nongshan District, 24 townships, 4 townships directly under the city, with a total of 3 districts, 1 city and 28 townships.

In October 1958, 13 people's communes were established in Gaofeng, Xianfeng, Yuejin, Hongqi, Dongfeng, Nanfeng, Wuxing, Qianfeng, Weixing, Beifeng, Guanzhuang, Jianguo and Qianjin.

In 1961, the commune team was adjusted to 20 people's communes, including Liancai, Zhangcheng, Dazhuang, yanggou, Chengguan, chenjin, Fengtai, Guanzhuang, haoshui, Yanghe, Taoyuan, Shenlin, Shatang, Fengling, Shangliang, Shanhe, Sutai, dian'an, Taoshan and Wenbao.

In 1983, Diaozhuang was set up in Chaohu Lake area in Pingluo.

In 1984, the township construction was restored.

In 1990, there were 1 District: Chaohu district; 1 town: Chengguan town; 20 townships: Chengjiao Township, chenjin Township, Fengtai Township, Dazhuang Township, Guanbao Township, haoshui Township, Yanghe Township, Taoyuan Township, Zhangcheng Township, Liancai Township, Shenlin Township, Shatang Township, Fengling Township, Shangliang Township, Shanhe Township, Chongan Township, yanggou Township, dian'an Township, Taoshan Township and Wenbao township. There are 3 residents' committees, 261 villagers' committees and 806 villagers' groups in the county.

In December 1991, Chaohu Diaozhuang was used to build Longhu poverty alleviation economic development zone.

In May 1993, Shatang was set up as a town.

In June 1997, Liancai set up towns instead of townships.

In 2000, the county had 3 towns, 18 townships, 273 villagers' committees and 828 villagers' groups.

Zoning details

By 2018, Longde County has jurisdiction over 10 townships, 3 towns, 113 administrative villages, 10 communities, and the county government is located in Chengguan town.

Towns: Chengguan Town, Shatang Town, Liancai town.

Townships: Guanzhuang Township, Shanhe Township, Fengling Township, Yanghe Township, haoshui Township, chenjin Township, Shenlin Township, Zhangcheng Township, DianAn Township, Wenbao township.

geographical environment

Location context

Longde County is located in the southern border of Ningxia, at the West foot of Liupan. It is adjacent to Jingning and Xiji in the northwest, Jingyuan and Zhuanglang in the southeast, and Guyuan in the northeast. It is between 35 ° 21 '- 35 ° 47' n and 105 ° 48 '- 106 ° 15' E. It is 47 kilometers long from north to South and 41 kilometers wide from east to west. The county covers an area of 985 square kilometers.

topographic features

Longde County is located in the west of the Loess Plateau, which is the transitional zone between Qilian Mountain trough and North China platform. Within the territory of mountains, peaks overlapping, ravines crisscross, mountains scattered. The terrain is high in the East and low in the west, with ten mountains and nine gullies, six plates facing the East and seven rivers flowing to the west, forming a valley and hills embedded in the water. The highest altitude is 2942 meters, most of which are between 1900 and 2500 meters. The geomorphic types are divided into Loess Hilly and gully area (55.70%), wet earth rock mountain area (33.26%), river valley and channel area (11.04%). In addition to Liupan Mountain, Fengtai mountain, Mudan mountain, fengtailiang mountain, Qingliang mountain, BEIXIANG mountain and Panlong mountain are the most famous mountains in the county. There are 138 channels, 115 peaks, 5 canyons, 296 bays, 15 beaches and 104 beams.

soil

The land in Longde County can be divided into 10 types: Eogene soil, Heilong soil, Heima soil, Neogene soil, brown soil, gray cinnamon soil, tetrahedral soil, mountain meadow soil, meadow soil and swamp soil.

climate

The climate of Longde County belongs to the transitional climate from semi humid to semi-arid in the mid temperate monsoon area. It has low temperature and little rain in spring, short hail in summer, overcast and dry in autumn, and long cold in winter. It is known as the saying that "the wind is still penetrating in summer and the snow is not blooming in spring". The annual average temperature is 5.6 degrees, which is the lowest in the whole region, the lowest in January, and the extremum is - 27.3 degrees; the highest in July, and the extremum is 32.4 degrees. The annual average sunshine hours are 2303.5 hours, the frost free period is 125 days, and the minimum is 94 days. The average annual precipitation is 766.0 mm, mainly in summer and autumn, especially in July and August. The disastrous weather mainly includes strong wind, heavy rain and heavy rain

Chinese PinYin : Ning Xia Hui Zu Zi Zhi Qu Gu Yuan Shi Long De Xian