Ulanhot City, Xing'an League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Wulanhaote City, belonging to Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is located in the northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the southeast of Xing'an League. It is adjacent to zalait banner and Zhenlai County of Jilin Province in the East, Taobei district and Taonan city of Baicheng city of Jilin Province in the south, Taonan city of Jilin Province in the southwest, and Horqin right-wing Front Banner in the West and North. It is located in the transition zone between the middle part of Daxinganling Mountains and Songliao plain, and belongs to low mountain and hilly landform.

Ulanhot, Mongolian, means "red city". On May 1, 1947, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government, the first national minority autonomous government in China, was established here as the political, economic and cultural center of Xing'an League. On July 27, 2018, with the approval of the people's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the poor city was withdrawn.

Historical evolution

Wulanhaote was the place of Donghu activities in the spring and autumn and Warring States period.

At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, it belonged to Liaodong County, the governor of Youzhou, and was still an active area of Donghu. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Xianbei people became strong, and this area was the active area of Xianbei.

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, Shiwei was an active area. The Sui and Tang Dynasties were the active areas of Fu. In the second year of Tang Zongzhang (669), it belonged to Juyan Dudu Fu; in the 15th year of Tang Yuanhe (820), it belonged to Shiwei Dudu Fu. In the Liao Dynasty, it belonged to Jinshan County of Taizhou.

In the Jin Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Taizhou in linhuangfu Road, which was controlled by the military department of Dongbei road.

The Yuan Dynasty belonged to Taining road in Liaoyang province.

At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Taining Wei, subordinate to Daning Dusi. In the fourth year of Yongle (1406), mudali mountain guard was set up in today's Wulanhaote area, which was transferred to the jurisdiction of the guard and became a slave of nur gandu.

In the Qing Dynasty, Horqin Mongolia was active in today's Ulanhot city. In the first year of Chongde (1636), Monan Mongolia was unified, and the sixteen tribes and forty-nine Mongol feudal lords recognized the later Jin emperor Taiji as a Mongolian Khan. In the Qing Dynasty, Horqin was divided into six banners with three banners on each wing because of its large size. Wulanhaote area is located in Horqin Right Wing Front Banner (also known as zasaktu County King banner, referred to as zasaktu banner) and belongs to this banner.

In 1691, the third generation of zasaktu county king ezir built a family temple in the present urban area. The local people called it "Wangye Temple", and also called the location of the temple "Wangye Temple" (the present urban area of Ulanhot).

During the period of the Republic of China, according to the regulations on the treatment of Mongolia issued by the government of the Republic of China on August 19, 1912, the establishment of the League banner and the Mongolian Princes "had the same original jurisdiction as before". In 1929, the Northeast Army set up the first Reclamation Bureau of Xing'an reclamation office in Wangye temple, which changed the name of Wangye temple to "Xing'an town".

In 1932, the Japanese invaders and the puppet Manchukuo regime set up Xing'an Province in Wangye temple, which led to three sub provinces, namely, Xing'an Annan, Xing'an north and Xing'an East (later added Xing'an West). That year, Xing'an town was renamed wangyemiao street.

In December 1934, Xing'an province was abolished, and the four sub provinces of Xing'an were called provinces.

In 1935, the office of Xing'an south province was moved from Zhengjiatun to wangyemiao street. In 1943, Xing'an province was set up in wangyemiao street.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, on February 15, 1946, the Eastern Mongolian People's autonomous government and the Xing'an League government were established in wangyemiao street. In April, the two governments were abolished. In the same month, wangyemiao Street office was established under the leadership of Xike Qianqi. On the 28th, Xing'an provincial government and Xing'an League government were established in wangyemiao street. In August, wangyemiao Street office was changed into wangyemiao Street government, which was directly under the government of Xing'an League.

On May 1, 1947, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government was established in wangyemiao street. On May 25, the government of Xing'an province was abolished. On November 28, wangyemiao street was renamed "Ulanhot" (Mongolian, Chinese meaning red city) and upgraded to "city".

After liberation, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government moved from Ulanhot to Zhangjiakou in December 1949.

On February 1, 1953, the administrative office of the eastern region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was established in this city. On May 10, the Government Affairs Council decided to change Ulanhot city into a municipality directly under the central government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the specific leadership work was entrusted to the administrative office of the eastern region.

On April 30, 1954, the administrative office of the eastern region was abolished, and the city was changed from an autonomous region directly under the central government to Hulunbuir League.

On August 20, 1958, the Inner Mongolia Party committee approved the merger of Wulanhaote City and Horqin Right Wing Front Banner (hereinafter referred to as KEYOUQIAN banner), which is still known as Wulanhaote City.

On July 20, 1964, it was changed to Wulanhaote (town level) and was subordinate to KEYOUQIAN banner. In August 1969, Wulanhaote suikeyouqian banner was assigned to Baicheng area of Jilin Province, and in August 1979, suikeyouqian banner was assigned to Hulunbuir League of Inner Mongolia.

On July 26, 1980, the State Council approved the restoration of Xing'an League and Wulanhaote City.

administrative division

By the beginning of 2020, the total land area of Ulanhot city is 2353.5 square kilometers, including 36 square kilometers of built-up area, under the jurisdiction of four towns and nine sub district offices, namely: Ulan hada Town, gegenmiao Town, yilelit Town, taibenzhan Town, Xing'an office, Heping office, Shengli office, Dulin Office, Aiguo office, Tiexi Office, Wuwei office One office, suburban office, new town office.

geographical environment

Location context

The geographical coordinates of Ulanhot city are 45 ° 22 ′ - 46 ° 18 ′ n, 121 ° 51 ′ - 122 ° 20 ′ e, Taonan city of Jilin Province in the southwest, and Horqin Right Wing Front Banner in other directions. The total area is 2353.5 square kilometers.

Climatic characteristics

Ulanhot means "red city" in Mongolian. It has a mid temperate semi-arid monsoon climate with four distinct seasons and large annual and daily temperature ranges. The annual average temperature is 5 ℃, the frost free period is 130 days, and the annual precipitation is about 440mm.

The north is mountainous, the south is alluvial plain, surrounded by water in the East, West and south, with an average altitude of 263.6 meters, belonging to temperate continental monsoon climate. The average annual temperature is 5.0 ℃, the average annual precipitation is 442.6 mm, the average annual sunshine is 2875.8 hours, and the frost free period is 134 days.

natural resources

land resource

Wulanhaote City has 270000 mu of cultivated land, including 100000 mu of paddy field, 35000 mu of green pollution-free rice planting area and 10000 mu of pollution-free vegetable base. There is sufficient industrial land, and Ulanhot economic and Technological Development Zone, one of the 20 development zones supported by the autonomous region, has a total planning area of 21.24 square kilometers.

water resource

The water area of Ulanhot city and its League is 50000 hectares, with more than 200 rivers and rivers. The total amount of water resources is 5 billion cubic meters, including 3.1 billion cubic meters of above ground water resources and 1.98 billion cubic meters of underground water resources, ranking second in the region. The total amount of water resources in Wulanhaote area is 940 million cubic meters. There are Taoer River and Guiliu River in Wulanhaote area. The storage capacity of Chaershen reservoir in the upper reaches of Taoer River is 1.36 billion cubic meters, with an average annual storage capacity of 420 million cubic meters.

mineral resources

The territory of Yingshi, construction sand, sandy clay, construction rock widely distributed, reserves are very considerable. There are copper, iron, lead, zinc, marble and other mineral deposits, of which copper production ranks second in the autonomous region.

Biological resources

Forest and mountain areas are rich in edible fungus, mushroom, Hericium erinaceus, Pteridium aquilinum and other high economic value mountain treasures. There are many kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Radix Adenophorae, Radix Codonopsis, Platycodon grandiflorum, Radix Saposhnikoviae, and other rare animals, such as flying dragon, white swan, pheasant, deer, cudgel, bear, roe deer, and yellow sheep. There are more than 70 kinds of wild animals and more than 20 kinds of rare animals. Common are red deer, black bear, roe deer, lynx, water Lai, snow rabbit, flying dragon, grouse, black chicken, etc. The main aquatic animals are cold water fish, pike, double mouth fish and so on. There are 269 kinds of common plants, such as apricot, hazelnut, raspberry, bracken, mushroom, yellow flower, etc. the annual output of bracken is 2000 tons, with high quality and good taste. It is deeply loved by Japan and South Korea, and is exported in large quantities every year. Chinese herbal medicine resources are also very rich, including Sanguisorba officinalis, Panax notoginseng, astragalus, Atractylodes, Paeonia lactiflora, Platycodon grandiflorum, Sophora flavescens, etc. Ornamental plants include plum blossom, red peony, carnation, Rhododendron, wild chrysanthemum, holly, Venus plum, Silver Star plum.

Population nationality

population structure

According to the data of the sixth national census, at the end of 2010, the permanent resident population in Ulanhot was 327081. Compared with 291412 at 0:00 on November 1, 2000 in the fifth national census, the number of permanent residents in Ulanhot increased by 35669, an increase of 12.2%.

Among the permanent residents, there are 164064 males, accounting for 50.16%, and 163017 females, accounting for 49.84%. The sex ratio of permanent residents (100 females, male to female ratio) decreased from 101.23 in the fifth national census in 2000 to 100.64.

Among the permanent residents in the city, there are 41862 people aged 0-14, accounting for 12.80%; 262912 people aged 15-64, accounting for 80.38%; and 22307 people aged 65 and above, accounting for 6.82%. Compared with the fifth national census in 2000, the proportion of people aged 0-14 decreased by 6.80 percentage points, the proportion of people aged 15-64 increased by 4.57 percentage points, and the proportion of people aged 65 and above increased by 2.23 percentage points.

In 2016, the total household registered residence in Ulanhot was 330 thousand, an increase of 2 thousand over the end of last year. Among them, there are 250000 urban residents. The birth rate of registered residence is 9.74 per thousand, the death rate of population is 4.80 per thousand, and the natural growth rate of population is 4.94.

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu Xing An Meng Wu Lan Hao Te Shi