Huzhu Tu Autonomous County, Haidong City, Qinghai Province

Huzhu Tu Autonomous County is a county under the jurisdiction of Haidong City, Qinghai Province. It is located in the east of Qinghai Province and the north of Haidong city. It is adjacent to Daban mountain of Qilian Mountains in the north, Menyuan Hui Autonomous County of Haibei Prefecture, Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County and Yongdeng County of Gansu Province in the northeast, Ledu District of the municipal government in the southeast, Ping'an District in the South and Datong District of Xining City in the West County, southwest and the provincial capital of Xining City East District, North District. The county is 64 kilometers wide from north to South and 86 kilometers long from east to west, with a total area of 3423.9 square kilometers. There are no lakes in the county, and there are 8 natural rivers, large and small, which belong to the Yellow River Basin and Huangshui River system, with a total length of 2895 km. Qingshiling of Daban mountains runs through the whole county from northwest to Southeast, naturally dividing the whole county into two topographic units.

Huzhu Tu Autonomous County has jurisdiction over 8 towns, 9 townships and 2 ethnic townships, with a total population of 370000 (2011). It is the only Tu Autonomous County in China, with the largest number and concentration of Tu nationality. The Han nationality is the main ethnic group, and Tu nationality accounts for about 17% of the total population, as well as Tibetan, Hui, Mongolian, salar, etc.

In October 2018, it won the national rural primary, secondary and tertiary industry integration development pilot zone. On December 29, 2018, it was named the Sixth Batch of national demonstration areas (units) for national unity and progress by the National People's commission. On May 15, 2019, the people's Government of Qinghai Province approved Huzhu Tu Autonomous County to withdraw from the sequence of poverty-stricken counties. On December 6, 2019, it was selected as the pilot unit of promoting the quality improvement of farmers' cooperatives in the whole county. On July 29, 2020, it will be included in the National Health township (county) naming list of 2017-2019 cycle.

Evolution of organizational system

A large number of historical relics and archaeological materials found in Huzhu County prove that as early as 5000 years ago, the ancestors of Huzhu area had been working and living on this land, struggling with nature and creating their own ancient civilization.

In 221 BC, Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and established a unified centralized feudal dynasty. During this period, Xining, Ledu, Datong, Huangzhong, Menyuan, Huzhu and other areas are collectively referred to as Huangzhong.

In the second year of Yuanshou (121 BC) of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Huo Qubing, a general of Hushi of the Han Dynasty, defeated the Xiongnu, opened the Western Corridor and entered the Huangshui River Basin. Xiping pavilion was built near Xining (the original site is equivalent to the city wall of Xining), and Linqiang county (Huangyuan first, Huangzhong later) was set up. Huzhu area belongs to Linqiang county.

Around 210 yuan A.D., Xiping County (now Xining City) was set up in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, the state of Wei continued to take Xiping County as the jurisdiction of Linqiang county.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, Xiping County was still in charge of Linqiang county. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, Xiping County was changed into Shanzhou and Linqiang county was abandoned.

In Sui Dynasty, Xiping County was restored, and Huzhu area was under the jurisdiction of Xiping County.

In the 23rd year of Zhenguan reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty (649), Shanzhou Prefecture was set up. Huzhu area is under the jurisdiction of Shanzhou Dufu.

In the third year of zongchongning (1104), Shanzhou was changed into Xining. Huzhu district belongs to Xining Prefecture.

During the Yuan Dynasty, Huzhu area was still under the jurisdiction of Xining Prefecture.

In Ming Dynasty, Xining Prefecture was changed to Xining Wei. Huzhu district belongs to Xining Wei.

In Qing Dynasty, Xining Wei was changed into Xining Fu.

In 1913, Huzhu district was located in Xining Road, Gansu Province.

On January 1, 1929, Qinghai was officially established as a province, and Huzhu district was subordinate to Xining county.

On September 29, 1930, Huzhu officially established the county and governed weiyuanbao. Under the Qinghai provincial government.

On September 12, 1949, Huzhu county was liberated and subordinate to the people's Government of Qinghai Province.

From April 5, 1960 to August 1961, Huzhu county was subordinate to Xining city.

From August 15, 1961 to September 1978, it was a county directly under Qinghai Province.

On October 19, 1978, Haidong administrative office was established in Qinghai Province, and Huzhu county is subordinate to Haidong administrative office.

In 2000, Huzhu Tu Autonomous County governed 1 town, 16 townships and 4 ethnic townships.

On March 19, 2001, the people's Government of Qinghai Province abolished Gaozhai Hui Township, Jiading Tibetan Township, Nanmenxia Township and Danma Township, and established Gaozhai Town, Jiading town, Nanmenxia town and Danma town respectively.

By the end of 2001, Huzhu Tu Autonomous County had jurisdiction over 5 towns, 14 townships, 2 ethnic townships, 2 communities and 295 Village (animal husbandry) committees.

In 2006, the administrative division of Huzhu Tu Autonomous County was adjusted to abolish shatangchuan Township and Shuangshu Township, and establish tangchuan town; abolish biantan Township and merge into Linchuan township.

In August 2006, biantan township of Huzhu county was abolished and merged into Linchuan township; 50 townships were abolished and 50 towns were established; Wufeng township was abolished and Wufeng town was established; Shuangshu Township and shatangchuan Township were abolished and tangchuan town was established (the town government was stationed in shatangchuan township).

administrative division

As of 2011, Huzhu Tu Autonomous County has jurisdiction over 8 towns (Weiyuan Town, Danma Town, Gaozhai Town, Nanmenxia Town, Jiading town, 50th Town, Wufeng town and tangchuan town), 9 townships (hongyazigou Township, halazhigou Township, Dongshan Township, Donghe Township, Donggou Township, Linchuan Township, Taizi Township, Xishan Township and caijiabao township), and 2 ethnic townships (Songduo Tibetan Township and bazha Tibetan township).

geographical environment

Location context

Huzhu Tu Autonomous County is located in the northeast of Qinghai Province, bordering on Daban mountain, a branch of Qilian Mountain, and Menyuan County of Haibei Prefecture in the north; Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County and Yongdeng County of Gansu Province in the Northeast; Ledu County in the southeast; Ping'an County in the South bounded by Huangshui River; Datong County in the West and Xining City in the southwest. The geographical coordinates are between 36 ° 30 ′ - 37 ° 9 ′ N and 101 ° 46 ′ - 102 ° 45 ′ E. Weiyuan town is 40 kilometers away from Xining City, 64 kilometers wide from north to South and 86 kilometers long from east to west, with a total area of 3423.9 square kilometers.

details

topographic features

Qingshiling of Daban mountains runs through Huzhu Tu Autonomous County from northwest to Southeast. The whole county is naturally divided into two terrain units. Generally speaking, bazha and Jiading Tibetan townships are called Beishan or Houshan; the southwest part of Qingshiling is called Qianshan. The southern end of the county is the Huangshui River valley basin with an altitude of more than 2100 meters. To the north, there are hills and medium high mountains with an altitude of 2400-3500 meters. To the north, there are Longwang mountain, xianmidaban mountain and Dongyan mountain with an altitude of 4242-4374 meters. The height difference is 2274 meters.

The topography and geomorphology of Huzhu Tu Autonomous County can be divided into: high mountain area in the north and middle part, with an altitude of 3300 meters and an area of 2178.3 square kilometers, accounting for 63% of the total area of the county; naoshantan area, with an altitude of about 3000 meters, belongs to high mountain and Intermountain basin, with an area of 250 square kilometers, accounting for 7.3% of the total area of the county; and shallow mountain and hilly area (Zhongshan and high hills), with an altitude of about 2200-2700 meters It covers an area of about 785 square kilometers, accounting for 22.7% of the total area of the county; the river valley is located in the south of the county, covering an area of about 243.7 square kilometers, accounting for 7% of the total area of the county.

climate

Huzhu Tu Autonomous County has a continental cold temperate climate, which is affected by Siberian monsoon and cold current in winter and typhoon in southeast coast in summer. The average temperature is 5.8 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 30.3 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 26.9 ℃; the annual sunshine hours is 2581.7 hours, the frost free period is 114 days, the annual precipitation is 477.4 mm, the annual evaporation is 1198.3 mm, the annual relative humidity is 63%, the annual average wind speed is 0.9 m / s, and the thunderstorm days are 39 days.

soil

There are 11 soil types, 3 subtypes, 35 soil genera and 73 soil species in Huzhu Tu Autonomous County. There are 11 soil types: alpine cold desert soil, alpine meadow soil, mountain meadow soil, mountain gray cinnamon soil, chernozem, millet calcareous soil, gray calcareous soil, fluvo aquic soil, Neogene soil, swamp soil and saline alkali soil. Most of the cultivated land is loam, accounting for 67.2% of the total soil in the county. The proportion of clay is small, and a small amount of sandy soil is also distributed on both sides of the river. Most of the soil in the county is stony soil, accounting for 88.9%, mainly light stone and medium stone.

hydrology

Huzhu Tu Autonomous County has no lakes and 8 natural rivers, both large and small, belonging to the Yellow River Basin and Huangshui River system, with a total length of 2895 km.

natural resources

land resource

As of 2011, Huzhu Tu Autonomous County has a total area of 51.35 million mu, with agricultural land of 3.719 million mu, accounting for 72.4% of the total area. Among them, 1.584 million mu is used for forestry, accounting for 30.8% of the total area; 1.03 million mu is used for animal husbandry, accounting for 20.1% of the total area. The special land is 116000 mu, accounting for 2.3% of the total area; the temporary unused land is 1.3 million mu, accounting for 25.3% of the total area. The county has 978200 mu of cultivated land, 123500 mu of irrigated land. There are 572400 mu of shallow mountain land and 282300 mu of brain mountain land. Among them, the slope is below 15 ° and the suitable area for machine farming is about 413000 mu, accounting for 41% of the total cultivated land.

mineral resources

As of 2011, Huzhu Tu Autonomous County has 40 minerals and 139 deposit sites, including 7 metal minerals such as iron, manganese and copper, 29 building materials and non-metal minerals such as coal, mirabilite, pyrite, rock gold, gypsum, phosphorus, dolomite, clay, limestone, andalusite and basalt, and 29 fuel minerals such as coal, oil shale and other minerals. Coal, pyrite, limestone and gypsum are being mined, of which the proven reserves of gypsum are 130 million tons and the calcium sulfate content is 98%; the proven reserves of limestone are 170 million tons and the calcium oxide content is about 54.85%; the proven reserves of Glauber's salt are more than 600 million tons and the calcium sulfate content is 98%

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Hai Dong Shi Hu Zhu Tu Zu Zi Zhi Xian