Subei Mongolian Autonomous County, Jiuquan City, Gansu Province

Subei Mongolian Autonomous County Subei Mongolian Autonomous County is an Autonomous County under the jurisdiction of Jiuquan City. It is located in the northwest of Gansu Province, on the north and south sides of the western end of Hexi corridor. The county is divided into two separate areas, Nanshan and Beishan, with a total area of 66748 square kilometers. It is bordered by one country, three provinces (regions) and three counties. It has jurisdiction over 2 towns and 2 townships, of which 4446 are Mongolian, accounting for 37.9%. At the end of 2016, the registered residence population of the county was 12083.

Subei County had nomadic activities in the pre Qin period; in the Western Han Dynasty, Subei County was incorporated into the territory of the Central Plains Dynasty and belonged to Dunhuang County; after the war, Subei County belonged to Dunhuang County frequently, the influence areas of local government and nomadic people were crisscrossed, and the control power of the central government was weak. Gansu Province was established in Qing Dynasty, and Subei Bureau was set up in 1937. Liberated in July 1950, Subei Mongolian Autonomous County was established in 1955.

There are great differences in natural environment between the north and the south of Subei County. The average altitude of Qilian Mountain in the south of Nanshan area is more than 3500 meters. Tuanjiefeng is 5826.8 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Gansu Province. The foothills of the mountain are gravel gobi inclined high plain area. Beishan area is characterized by low and medium mountains and residual hills, and Gobi is widely distributed. Tourist attractions include Danghe gorge, transparent mengke glacier, Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve, Subei people's Park, five Temple grottoes, etc.

Subei County has 46.76 million mu of natural grassland, mainly raising cashmere goats, yaks, camels and other livestock, and a small amount of cultivated land; coal, gold, iron ore and non-ferrous metal resources are rich, and mining industry is the economic pillar of Subei County. In 2012, the GDP was 3.762 billion yuan.

On January 22, 2020, it was named National Garden County by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development.

Historical evolution

In the Neolithic period, some ancestors settled in the Danghe and Shule river basins.

In ancient times, Subei was a place of "three dangers".

During the spring and Autumn period, the Central Plains area was generally called "Guazhou", which was the territory of Xirong and Qiang people.

During the Warring States period, Yue moved to the area from Hexi corridor to Guazhou.

In the Qin Dynasty, Wusun occupied the Danghe River Basin in the south of Subei, Xiongnu moved to the west, and MAZONGSHAN area belonged to Xiongnu.

In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu defeated the Yue family three times and occupied the Hexi corridor. Subei belonged to the Xiongnu. In the second year of Yuanshou (121 BC), Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Huo Qubing attacked the slaves in the north, and Hexi belonged to the territory of Western Han Dynasty. In the sixth year of Yuanding (116 BC), Dunhuang county was set up, with six counties under it. Today, Shibao city in Subei belongs to Guangzhi County, yuerhong county belongs to Ming'an County, dangchengwan biegai county belongs to longle County, Yanchiwan area is occupied by Qiang people, most of MAZONGSHAN area is under the jurisdiction of Yuanquan County, and Mingshui line is under the jurisdiction of Duhufu in western regions. This relationship lasted to the end of the Cao Wei regime.

In the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty (265-274), Changpu county was set up in dangchengwan, Subei, which governed biegai, Dangcheng, Shazaoyuan, etc.; Yiwu county was set up in yinaoxia of MAZONGSHAN (originally written as yingwo), which governed MAZONGSHAN area; Ming'an county was changed to Yi'an County, and Yangguan County, Xinxiang County, and Kuaiji county were added. Shibaocheng area belonged to Yi'an County, and yuerhong area belonged to Kuaiji county.

In the fourth year of Long'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (400 years), Li Zhen, the prefect of Dunhuang, supported his troops and established the Xiliang regime. Xiliang commands twelve counties and one county, among which Wuxing county is in the area of today's biegaiqiaotouzi, Wuwei County is in the area of today's dangchengwan, and Zhangye county is in the area of Shazaoyuan.

At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, Liangzhou, Ganzhou and Guazhou were set up in Hexi, and the counties were divided. In 610, Shibao City, MAZONGSHAN, Dangcheng and biegai belonged to Dunhuang County, while Yanchiwan belonged to Xihai county.

In 623, Dunhuang was changed to xishazhou. The first year of Zhenguan (627) divided the whole country into ten roads, and xishazhou belonged to Longyou road. In the seventh year of Zhenguan (634), xishazhou was changed into Shazhou and Guazhou. Today, the Dangcheng and biegai areas of Subei are under the jurisdiction of shazhouziting town (military and political units below the county level), and the town governance is located in dangchengwan; shibaocheng area is under the jurisdiction of Changle County of Guazhou; dagongcha and shibandun areas are under the jurisdiction of Xinxiang town; MAZONGSHAN area is directly under the jurisdiction of Guazhou, among which baizhangshouzhuo is set in yinaoxia area, baowenshan is set in gunpoquan area; Yanchiwan area is a Tibetan pastoral area. In the first year of Shenlong (705), doulu army was set up in Shazhou, Moli army in Guazhou, doulu army flag was stationed in Ziting town (Party City), and Moli army brigade was stationed in Xingxiang town (dagongcha). During the Anshi rebellion, the border soldiers were transferred to the interior. From the second year of Guangde (765) to the twelfth year of Dali (777), Tubo successively occupied Shazhou, Suzhou, Xinxiang Town, Ziting town and other places. Today, the whole territory of Subei is occupied by Tubo. In 849, Zhang Yichao, a native of Shazhou, took advantage of the Tubo civil strife to occupy Guazhou and Shazhou. In the Tang Dynasty, Guiyi army was established in Shazhou, and the whole area of Subei was under the jurisdiction of Shazhou Jiedu envoys.

From 1036 to 1058, Xixia occupied Suzhou, Guazhou and Shazhou successively. Dangchengwan, biegai, shibaocheng and MAZONGSHAN were under the jurisdiction of Xixia Xiping military department, and Yanchiwan was occupied by caotou Tatar. In 1221, Mongolia destroyed Xixia, and Guazhou and Shazhou were occupied by Huangtou Huihe.

In the autumn of 1276, Huihe and caotou Tatars belonged to the Yuan Dynasty, and Subei was incorporated into the territory of the Yuan Dynasty. In 1278, Shazhou was upgraded to Shazhou Road, which now belongs to Subei.

In the third year of Hongwu (1371) to the second year of Yongle (1405), the Ming Court successively set up seven guards outside the pass to the West and south of Jiayuguan, and granted seals to Yuan descendants or local chieftains. Today, the southern part of MAZONGSHAN and yuerhong in Subei are under the jurisdiction of Chijin Mongolian guards, the areas of Dangcheng and biegai are under the jurisdiction of shazhouwei, and the areas of shibaocheng and Yanchiwan are under the jurisdiction of handongwei. In the seventh year of Jiajing (1529), the Ming government closed the Jiayuguan pass and abandoned the garrisons in the west of the pass. Shibao city and Yanchiwan in the west of Shule River Basin were occupied by xilagol Mongols. The lower reaches of Danghe River, Shazhou, Guazhou and MAZONGSHAN are occupied by the chief and chief of huihe'er in Hami.

In the 35th year of Kangxi (1697) of Qing Dynasty, the Qing army conquered all the tribes outside the pass, and all the Mongolians and barbarians in xilagol fell. In 1719, Liugou was set up in Xila river. In the second year of Yongzheng reign (1724), five guards were set up one after another. Later, they were renamed or merged into prefectures, prefectures and counties. Today, the southern part of Subei is under the jurisdiction of shazhouwei, and the northern part of MAZONGSHAN is under the jurisdiction of anxiwei. Yuerhong in Subei belongs to Yumen, shibaocheng to Anxi, Dangcheng, biegai, Yanchiwan and seertang belong to Dunhuang, and MAZONGSHAN belongs to Anxi.

The first year of the Republic of China (1912), the abolition of Suzhou Zhili Prefecture, Subei jurisdiction is now Yumen, Anxi, Dunhuang three counties.

In September 1937, MAZONGSHAN Administration Bureau was established. In March 1938, it was renamed Subei Administrative Bureau. It is a sixth grade county-level Bureau under the jurisdiction of the seven District Commissioner's Office (Jiuquan administrative office).

On October 25, 1949, Subei Mongolian provisional autonomous Committee was established.

On July 20, 1950, Subei autonomous region (county level) was established under the jurisdiction of Jiuquan Commissioner's office. In October, Subei was abolished.

In October 1953, Subei autonomous region changed its name to Subei Mongolian Autonomous Region.

On July 25, 1955, Subei Mongolian Autonomous County was established under Jiuquan Commissioner's office. On October 7, Jiuquan and Wuwei regions were merged into Zhangye region, and Subei Mongolian Autonomous County was subordinate to Zhangye region.

In 1960, Jiuquan district was restored and Subei Mongolian Autonomous County People's Committee was subordinate to Jiuquan district.

In 1978, Jiuquan district was abolished and Jiuquan district was established.

In 2002, Jiuquan district was abolished and prefecture level Jiuquan city was established, which belongs to Subei County.

administrative division

As of 2013, Subei Mongolian Autonomous County has jurisdiction over 2 towns, 2 townships, 2 communities and 26 villages.

Reference sources

geographical environment

Location context

Subei Mongolian Autonomous County is located in the South and north of Jiuquan City at the western end of Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province. Its jurisdiction is divided into Nanshan area and Beishan area, separated by Dunhuang, Guazhou and Yumen counties (cities), with a straight-line distance of more than 180 kilometers. The total area of the two parts is 66748 square kilometers, accounting for 14.8% of the total area of Gansu Province, which is the most extensive border county in Gansu Province.

The south is located in the western margin of Qilian Mountains and the south side of the western end of Hexi Corridor, commonly known as Nanshan area. It is adjacent to Sunan Yugur Autonomous County in the East, Tianjun County in Qinghai Province in the south, Aksai Kazakh Autonomous County in the southwest and West, and Dunhuang City, Guazhou county and Yumen City in the north. The geographical coordinates are 38 ° 11 ′ - 40 ° 01 ′, 94 ° 33 ′ - 98 ° 59 ′, the longest from east to west is more than 410 km, and the widest from north to south is more than 160 km, covering an area of 35118 square kilometers.

MAZONGSHAN, the northern enclave, is located in the north of the western section of Hexi Corridor, northwest of Ancient Suzhou, commonly known as Beishan area. It is adjacent to Ejina Banner, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the East, Guazhou county and Yumen City in the south, Hami region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the west, and Gobi Altay province of Mongolia in the north, with a border of 65.018 km. The geographical coordinates are 40 ° 42 ′ - 42 ° 47 ′ n, 95 ° 31 ′ - 98 ° 26 ′ e, 190 km wide from east to west, 220 km long from north to south, covering an area of 31630 square kilometers.

topographic features

The topography of Subei County is complex, and the landforms of Nanshan and Beishan are different. Among them, mountain area accounts for 44.7% of the total area, Intermountain basin and valley account for 28.3%, Gobi and beach account for 26.4%.

Nanshan area is located in the western part of Qilian Mountains and the northeast edge of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It belongs to the Hexi inland river basin, higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest. According to landform type

Chinese PinYin : Gan Su Sheng Jiu Quan Shi Su Bei Meng Gu Zu Zi Zhi Xian