Gaoling District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province

Gaoling District Gaoling district is under the jurisdiction of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. It is located in the hinterland of Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province, and in the north of Xi'an city. Because there is Fengzheng tableland in the territory, the tableland is called Gaoling, so it is named Gaoling. Built in the 12th year of emperor Xiaogong of Qin Dynasty (350 BC), it is located in Guanzhong Plain, on both sides of Jinghe River and Weihe River. It is close to Lintong District in the East, Weiyang District and Baqiao District in the south, Weicheng District, Sanyuan county and Jingyang County in Xianyang City in the west, and Yanliang District in the north, so it is known as "cabbage heart" in China.

As of 2018, Gaoling area was 294 square kilometers, with 3 towns, 3 streets and 2 administrative committees, and 357 thousand and 700 registered residence population (362 thousand and 600 residents). In 2018, the region's GDP will reach 37.845 billion yuan.

Gaoling, one of the earliest counties in China, is home to such ancient cultural relics as Tang Zhaohui tower, Li Sheng stele and Dongwei bridge site.

In October 2018, it was selected into the "top 100 investment potential areas in China in 2018". In March 2019, it will be listed in the first batch of counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics.

Historical evolution

Qin Xiaogong 12 years (350 BC) home county.

Xinmang Tianfeng two years (AD 15) renamed Qianchun.

In the first year of reform (AD 23), Gaoling was restored.

In the first year of the Wei and Huang dynasties (220 AD), Gaolu was renamed.

In the second year of Daye reign of Sui Dynasty (AD 606), it was renamed Gaoling again, and has been together ever since. Since the establishment of the county, with the changes of the administrative establishment in the past dynasties, the county has been increasing and changing, and has been basically stable since the Qing Dynasty.

Yangling county was abolished in the first year of the Wei and Huang dynasties (220 AD), and part of its jurisdiction was incorporated into Gaoling.

In the second year of Emperor Ming of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (558 AD), Wannian County of the province entered Guangyang and Gaoling counties. The county is larger than before.

In the second year of Wude (619 AD), Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, Luyuan county was located in the south of Jinghe River.

In the first year of Zhenguan (627 AD), it was abolished, and the jurisdiction was restored to Gaoling.

In the first year of Huichang, Emperor Wuzong of Tang Dynasty (841 AD), Fengzhuang mausoleum was found in Qingping township of the county, which was smaller than before.

The earliest record of county size is Chang'an Zhi written by song minqiu in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is reported that the county is 28 Li from east to west and 33 Li from north to south.

In 1265, Jingyang County was incorporated into Gaoling, and was reestablished in 1266.

In the annals of Gaoling County of the Ming Dynasty, there is a record that in the Ming Dynasty, Xi'nan Shuli (a part of Zhangqiao, Xiaoyi and Anxin Sanli) belonged to Lintong. The county is 28 Li wide and 35 Li wide. Its southern provincial capital is Lintong in the southeast, Liyang in the East, Weinan in the East, Pucheng in the northeast, Fuping in the north, Sanyuan in the northwest, Jingyang in the West and Xianyang in the southwest.

In Qing Dynasty, the county changed little. In 1732, Gaoling county annals recorded that the distance between East and West was 30 Li, and that between North and South was 30 Li. It is 10 Li to Lintong in the East, 20 Li to Jingyang in the west, 20 Li to Xianning in the south, 10 Li to Sanyuan in the north, 20 Li to Lintong in the southeast, 30 Li to Xianyang in the southwest, 7 Li to Sanyuan in the northeast and 15 Li to Sanyuan in the Northwest.

Guangxu ten years (1884) "Gaoling County continued records" for the East and West 30 miles away, North and South 30 miles close.

During the period of the Republic of China, there was no obvious change in the county. According to the general plan of Gaoling County in 1941, the county is 36 Li from east to west and 33 Li from south to north, covering an area of 1188 square Li. It is 13 Li to Lintong County in the East, 21 Li to Jingyang County in the west, 23 Li to Chang'an County in the south, 14 Li to Sanyuan County in the north, 11 Li to Sanyuan and Lintong County in the northeast, 28 Li to Lintong and Chang'an County in the southeast, 33 Li to Xianyang and Chang'an County in the southwest, and 20 Li to Sanyuan County in the northwest. 70 miles from the provincial capital.

In 1953, when Gaoling county and neighboring counties adjusted the land for flower arrangement, huijiachang village in the southeast of Gaoling district was assigned to Lintong County in exchange for the original three villages of Deng, dengjiagou and Liujiazhuang. The two villages of Banjia and Caodian in Weihe River of Gaoling county were assigned to Chang'an County (now Chang'an District) and replaced by mafangtan and Xinglong villages.

In May 1956, the four villages of Dijia, xueyang, Liujiazhuang, Wanli Zhao and part of Wang Huasun in the northeast of Gaoling county were assigned to Sanyuan County in exchange for the seven villages of Nanren, beiren, Guancun Nie, Guancun Liu, Bee King, wuzhengfang Majia and baimasitan.

On December 14, 1958, Geng town of Weihe River in Gaoling county (now Geng Town, then called Hongqi farming area) was ceded to Xi'an City, and returned to Xi'an city on August 20, 1963. Gaoling county is 20.55 kilometers long from east to west and 20.1 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 294 square kilometers.

On December 13, 2014, the State Council approved the adjustment of some administrative divisions of Xi'an City in Shaanxi Province. Gaoling county was abolished and Gaoling District of Xi'an city was established.

On August 4, 2015, Gaoling was officially listed as "withdrawing counties into districts", ending the 2365 year history of county system.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 1996, Gaoling County covers an area of 290 square kilometers and has a population of 224000. It has jurisdiction over 3 towns and 7 townships: Luyuan Town, Tongyuan Town, Geng Town, Wanzi Town, Yaohui Town, Yuchu Town, Chonghuang Town, Ji Town, Zhangbu town and majiawan town. The county government is located in Luyuan town.

In December 2001, Yaohui township was abolished and merged into Luyuan town; majiawan Township and Jijia Township were merged into Jingwei town. So far, the county has four towns and four townships: Luyuan Town, Tongyuan Town, Geng Town, Jingwei Town, Chonghuang Town, Wanzi Town, Yuchu town and Zhangbu town.

In 2011, Yuchu Township, Wanzi Township and Zhangbu Township were abolished and Yuchu Town, Wanzi town and Zhangbu town were established. So far, the county has jurisdiction over seven towns and one township: Luyuan Town, Tongyuan Town, Geng Town, Jingwei Town, Wanzi Town, Yuchu Town, Zhangbu town and Chonghuang town.

In 2012, Luyuan Town, Jingwei town and Chonghuang Township were abolished, and Luyuan street, Jingwei street and Chonghuang street were established respectively. So far, the county has jurisdiction over three streets and five towns: Luyuan street, Jingwei street, Chonghuang street, Tongyuan Town, Geng Town, Wanzi Town, Yuchu town and Zhangbu town.

At the end of 2012, Gaoling county had an area of 287.8 square kilometers, with a registered residence population of 314821 and a permanent population of 338 thousand and 100. By the end of 2013, Gaoling county had jurisdiction over 3 streets, 5 towns, 8 communities and 88 administrative villages, and the county government was located in Luyuan street.

In 2015, Wanzi town of Gaoling district was abolished and merged into Tongyuan town; Yuchu town was abolished, with Mabei, Anjia, ZAONAN, diaobei and Yuchu villages in Yuchu town under Geng Town, and huangce village under Luyuan street.

Zoning details

In 2015, Gaoling district has jurisdiction over three streets (Luyuan street, Jingwei street and Chonghuang Street), three towns: Tongyuan Town, Geng Town, Zhangbu Town, and two management committees (Jijia Management Committee and Yaohui Management Committee). The District People's government is located in Luyuan street.

geographical environment

geographical position

Gaoling district is located in the hinterland of Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi Province, on both sides of Jinghe River and Weihe River, and in the north of Xi'an city. It is located in 108 ° 56 ′ 16 ″～ 109 ° 11 ′ 15 ″ e, 34 ° 25 ′ 00 ″～ 34 ° 37 ′ 30 ″ n, Lintong District in the East, Weiyang District and Baqiao District in the south, Weicheng District, Sanyuan county and Jingyang County in Xianyang City in the west, and Yanliang District in the north. It is 20.55 km long from east to west and 20.1 km wide from north to south, with a total area of 294 square kilometers.

Topographical features

Gaoling district is located in the middle of Guanzhong Basin, between Gushi sag and Xi'an sag. The stratum belongs to the North China area, Fenwei area, Weihe district. The geological structure is simple, the surface exposed stratum is single, the whole surface is covered by quaternary system, and the tertiary system is exposed in some sections. No basement rock is exposed. The county is located in the area of Fenwei fault depression and Weihe Fault Depression. The surface overburden is deep and there are many hidden faults in the basement. There are mainly Baoji Xianyang Weinan fault and Jingyang Gaoling Weinan fault, which form a Horst structure.

Geomorphological features

A large area of Gaoling is the alluvial flat tableland of Jingwei River (first terrace), and a small area is the Loess residual tableland (second terrace), Jingwei river channel and floodplain. The whole area is slightly inclined from northwest to Southeast, with an altitude of 357.5-414 meters and a relative elevation difference of 56.5 meters. Pingchuan in the north and tableland and beach in the south. The total potential of Pingchuan area inclines from northwest to Southeast with a gradient of 1.8% - 2.7%, with a small amount of trough and dish depressions distributed in the middle. The tableland is generally narrow and flat, with low platform rise and slight fluctuation, with a gradient of 1.3% - 3% from west to East. There are strip-shaped ditches on the surface of the tableland, which are formed by water flushing and open to the South and north of the tableland. The total potential of beach land is low and flat, with an altitude of 357.5-360m and a slope of 0.7% - 2% from west to East.

Climatic characteristics

Gaoling district has a warm temperate monsoon climate. Winter and summer are long, spring and autumn are short, summer is hot, winter is cold, spring is warm, autumn is cool, rain is hot, four seasons are distinct. The maximum temperature is 41.4 ℃, the minimum temperature is - 20.8 ℃, the annual average temperature is 13.2 ℃, the average maximum temperature is 19.3 ℃, and the average minimum temperature is 8.1 ℃. The annual precipitation is about 540 mm, the annual average surface temperature is 15.7 ℃, and the summer precipitation is not too concentrated, accounting for 40.7% of the annual precipitation. In winter, rain and snow are rare, accounting for 3.5% of the annual total. The frost free period is 212 days, and the air dryness of Gaoling is 1.3 degrees, which reflects the lack of water. The annual sunshine hours are 2247.3 hours.

hydrographic features

In Gaoling District, the Jinghe River and Weihe River meet from west to East in the northeast of jingweibao village and flow through the south of the county, accounting for 5.6% of the total area of the county. Weihe River flows through the south of the county from west to East, with a flow length of more than 20 kilometers. In ancient times, there were advantages of water transportation. From northwest to Southeast, Jinghe River flows into Weihe River in the northeast of jingweibao, Jingwei Town, with a length of 13 km. The benefits of irrigation have lasted for more than 2000 years. In the second direction, the whole area is divided into three natural areas: the north of Jingwei River, the angle between Jingwei River and the south of Weihe River.

natural resources

Mineral resources

In Gaoling District

Chinese PinYin : Shan Xi Sheng Xi An Shi Gao Ling Qu