Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Menghai county is located in the southwest of China, southwest of Yunnan Province, west of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, east of Jinghong City, northeast of Simao District of Pu'er City, northwest of Lancang County, West and south of Myanmar, with a border line of 146.56 kilometers. From Daluo port to Thailand, it is the nearest passage for China from land to Thailand. The county government is located at 272 Jingguan Road, 45 kilometers away from Jinghong and 585 kilometers away from Kunming. The total population is 331850 (2010), and the government is located in Menghai town.

Menghai county is the hometown of famous "Pu'er tea" and the earliest place of tea production in China, with wild "tea king" 1700 years ago and ancient tea trees scattered all over the country. It is suitable for rice growth in four seasons and rich in high-quality rice. It has been known as "granary in southern Yunnan" since ancient times. It is a national grain production base and sugar base.

On September 29, 2018, Menghai county was approved to withdraw from the poverty-stricken county by Yunnan provincial Party committee and government.

Historical evolution

Before 109 BC, today Menghai is the territory of "mengdaguang" (Ailao state in Chinese). In 109 BC, the Han Dynasty conquered the state of Dian, Kunming, Yi and other tribes, set up Yizhou County, extended its power into the territory of mengdaguang (Ailao state) and set up counties (military strongholds). Mengdaguang (Ailao state) was busy coping with the Han Dynasty and gave up part of its territory. Now Menghai has become a free land. In AD 69, mengdaguang (Ailao state) was attached to the Han Dynasty and located in Yongchang County, which was jointly managed by the Han Dynasty sheriff and zhaodaguang (Ailao king); in AD 76, zhaodaguang (Ailao king) and the Han Dynasty Sheriff had conflicts and fought against the Han Dynasty. The Han Army and mengdaguang army fought fiercely for many times, and some Dai ancestors moved to mengdaguang to avoid war（ In the south of Yongchang County, Menghai was mixed with various barbarian tribes, and now Menghai has been further developed. In 299 ad, the Dai people in Buwei county (now Longyang, Shidian, Changning, etc.) of Yongchang County under the jurisdiction of Jin Dynasty started to fight against Jin Dynasty. Yongchang County was moved from Buwei county to Yongshou county (now zhenkang, Yongde, Gengma, Cangyuan, etc.), and Nanfu county (now Ximeng, Lancang, Menglian, Menghai, Jinghong, etc.) was added to the south of Yongshou county. In 420 ad, the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished, and then the song (Southern Dynasties), Qi (Southern Dynasties), Liang (Southern Dynasties) and other mainland dynasties gradually withdrew from the Yunnan Plateau. After Chen (Southern Dynasties) replaced Liang (Southern Dynasties), the mainland dynasties completely abandoned the Yunnan Plateau. Today, the Dai ancestors of Menghai take "Meng" (basin) as a unit and form their own independent states. In 738, the Dai people of mengshe (Weishan basin) came to the Erhai Basin and established mengshelong (Nanzhao kingdom in Chinese); in 765, mengshelong (Nanzhao Kingdom) established Yinsheng Jiedu (Jingdong basin) in Menggu (Jingdong basin) and governed Menggu and its south areas, and owned Yinsheng City, Kainan City, Weiyuan City, Fengyi City, liicheng City, mangnaidao City, liuzhuihe city Today, Menghai belongs to Yinsheng Jiedu mangnaidao. In 902, the power of mengshelong (Nanzhao state) was usurped by Han nationality officials. The Dai nobles of mengshelong were forced to leave the Erhai Basin with their families and slaves. Some of them moved to the south of mengshelong through mengshe and Menggu. Today, the population of Dai people in Menghai has increased. In 937 ad, Duan Siping, the former "mengshelong" (Nanzhao state) Tonghai Jiedu envoy, entered the Erhai Basin to establish Dali state, and Yinsheng Jiedu was set up in Menggu along the old system of "mengshelong"; in 1096 ad, Dali state abandoned Jiedu, Dudu and other military areas, and adjusted them to eight prefectures, four prefectures and four towns; now Menghai first belongs to Yinsheng Jiedu, and then to Weichu Prefecture. In 1180 A.D., the Dai Prince of Menggu summoned his troops and civilians to go south and drive out the Khmer mon forces to the north. He unified the Dai "Meng" (state) under the control of the former Khmer mon forces and established the alliance state "Meng" (Jinglong state in Chinese); today Menghai county belongs to "Meng" (Jinglong state). In 1292 A.D., the Yuan Dynasty destroyed "Mengji" (Jinglong state) on the way to "Mengyong" (eight hundred daughter-in-law state or Lanna state); in 1296 A.D., the Yuan Dynasty set up Cheli military and civilian general manager's office in "Mengji"; today Menghai county belongs to Cheli military and civilian general manager's office. In 1382, Menghe (Jinglong state) was subordinated to the Ming Dynasty and set up Cheli military and civilian government; in 1384, Cheli military and civilian government was changed into Cheli military and civilian Xuanwei department; now Menghai county belongs to Cheli military and civilian Xuanwei department. in 1570 ad, Zhao yingmeng, the military and civilian propaganda and comfort envoy in Cheli, divided the area into 12 "banners" (administrative regions); today, Menghai county has four "banners", which belong to the military and civilian propaganda and comfort department in Cheli. In 1659 A.D., the Qing army captured Yunnan and still set up the military and civilian xuanweisi in Cheli. Today, Menghai county has four banners, which belong to the military and civilian xuanweisi in Cheli. in 1661 A.D., a first-class local official was set up under the military and civilian xuanweisi in Cheli county (which was recognized by the imperial court and under the jurisdiction of xuanweishi); now Menghai county has nine local official districts (called nine "Meng" in Dai language) under the military and civilian xuanweisi in Cheli County. in 1913, the government of the Republic of China set up the general administration along the border of Pusi in Cheli xuanweisi, which has jurisdiction over eight district administrative branches; today, Menghai county is divided into the second district administrative branch (located in mengzha, which governs the west of Menghai county) and the third district administrative Branch (located in Menghun, which governs the east of Menghai county). in 1925, the General Administration of border areas of Pusi was reorganized into the supervision office of border areas of Pusi, with eight sub offices of border areas of Pusi; today, Menghai county is the second sub Office of border areas of Pusi (in mengzha, under the jurisdiction of the west of Menghai county), the third sub Office of border areas of Pusi (in Menghun, under the jurisdiction of the east of Menghai county), and the fourth sub Office of border areas of Pusi (in mengxiang, under the jurisdiction of the northwest of Menghai county and the southeast of Lancang County). in 1927, Wufu county was set up in the Second District, Fohai county was set up in the third district, and Linjiang administrative region was set up in the fourth district; in 1929, Linjiang administrative region was set up with Linjiang Administrative Bureau (later Ningjiang Administrative Bureau). in 1950, the Chinese people's Liberation Army entered the territory of Cheli xuanweisi; the people's Government of Nanqiao County, the people's Government of Fohai county and the people's Government of Ningjiang county were established in Nanqiao county (formerly Wufu county), Fohai county and Ningjiang county respectively. In January 1953, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Region was established. Today, Fohai County, Nanqiao County, Ningjiang County, meng'a district and meng'wang District of Menghai county are divided into Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Region, which is adjusted to five county-level banners, namely, Banna Menghai, Banna Menghun, Banna menga, Banna Xiding and Banna mengzha. In December 1957, Banna mengzha and Banna Xiding merged into Banna mengzha, and Banna Menghai, Banna Menghun and Banna menga merged into Banna Menghai. In July 1958, Banna mengzha and Banna Menghai merged into Menghai county. in 2004, Xiding Hani Township and badahani Bulang Township merged into Xiding Hani Bulang township; Menghai County governs 2 towns and 11 townships.

administrative division

Menghai County governs 6 towns (Menghai Town, Daluo Town, mengzha Town, Menghun Town, Mengman town and menga town), 5 townships (Mengsong Township, mengxiang Township, Gelang and Hani Township, Bulang township of Bulang mountain and Bulang township of Xiding Hani nationality), 4 residents' committees, 85 villagers' committees, 888 natural villages and 937 villagers' groups.

geographical environment

Location context

Menghai county is located at 99 ° 56 ′～ 100 ° 41 ′ e, 21 ° 28 ′～ 22 ° 28 ′ n, southwest of Yunnan Province, west of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong City in the East, Simao District of Pu'er City in the northeast, Lancang County in the northwest, Myanmar in the West and South, with a border line of 146.56 km. From Daluo port to Thailand, it is the nearest passage for China from land to Thailand. The county government is located at 272 Jingguan Road, 45 kilometers away from Jinghong and 585 kilometers away from Kunming.

landforms

Menghai county is located in the southern part of the longitudinal valley of Hengduan Mountain system, and the southern extension of Nujiang mountains. The terrain in the territory is high and precipitous around, gentle in the middle, and crisscross with peaks, hills and flat dams. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, high and steep around, and gentle in the middle. The highest point is the main peak of huazhuliangzi in Mengsong Township in the east of the county, 2429 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the prefecture. The lowest point is the intersection of Nanju River and Nanlan River in the southwest of the county, with an altitude of 535 meters.

climate

Menghai county has a tropical and subtropical southwest monsoon climate, with no severe cold in winter and no severe heat in summer. The annual temperature difference is small and the daily temperature difference is large. According to the altitude, it can be divided into North tropical, south subtropical and middle subtropical climate regions. The annual average temperature is 18.7 ℃, the annual average sunshine is 2088 hours, the annual average rainfall is 1341 mm, the annual frost period is about 32 days, fog is the characteristic of Menghai dam area, the average annual fog days are 107.5-160.2 days. Menghai county can be divided into five climatic zones: (1) northern tropics. It is the valley area on both sides of Nanju River in Daluo, Mengban and Bulang mountains with altitude lower than 750 meters, and the valley area on both sides of mengxiang River and Lancang River in mengxiang. (2) warm summer and warm winter in south subtropical zone. It is on both sides of nanjuhe river of Bulang mountain in Mengman and mengxiang dam areas with an altitude of 750-1000m. (3) warm summer and cool winter in south subtropical zone. Menghai, mengzha, Menghun, menga (including Najing, Nabing) and Nuodong (including mengxiang) with an altitude of 1000-1200 meters. (4) south subtropical cold summer and warm winter. They are Hejian in menga, Bashan in mengxiang, manmai, Manfang and manjin in Mengsong, Heilongtan and nannuo mountain in gelanghe, manma and Nannong in Xiding, xinmanwa and nannuo mountain in bada

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Xi Shuang Ban Na Dai Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Meng Hai Xian